Influence of standard load micro- and nanopatterned in surface roughness of bleached teeth and submitted to different surface treatments.

The aim of this study was evaluate the dental enamel after whitening treatment with Opalescence Boost PF™ 38%, correlating the structural alterations in the surface of the enamel with its respective pH and verify if whitened teeth submitted to different finishing and polishing techniques show similar surface texture to healthy teeth (control group). Sixty premolars were divided in 6 groups (n = 10), which had been immersed in artificial saliva during all the experiment. Protocol whitening was performed according to the manufacturer recommendations, and then the specimens were submitted to different polishing technique with Sof-Lex Pop On™ disks, Flex Diamond™ felt disks using two different micrometric polishing pastes (Enamelize™ and Diamond Polish™) and two nanometric polishing pastes (Lummina-E Diamond and Lummina-E Alumina), according to the groups. Representative specimens were analyzed in scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Whitening gel used in this experiment had modified the morphologic aspect of the enamel surface. It was found that two nanometric polishing pastes (G5 and G6) promoted a less rough surface compared to control group even after the whitening process.

Human dental enamel and dentin structural effects after Er:YAG laser irradiation.

UNLABELLED: Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations--namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission. The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and influence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifications caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the superficial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifications of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems.

Effect finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of IPS Empress 2 ceramic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surface roughness of IPS Empress 2 ceramic when treated with different finishing/polishing protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen specimens of IPS Empress 2 ceramic were made from wax patterns obtained using a stainless steel split mold. The specimens were glazed (Stage 0-S0, control) and divided into two groups. The specimens in Group 1 (G1) were finished/polished with a KG Sorensen diamond point (S1), followed by KG Sorensen siliconized points (S2) and final polishing with diamond polish paste (S3). In Group 2 (G2), the specimens were finished/polished using a Shofu diamond point (S1), as well as Shofu siliconized points (S2) and final polishing was performed using Porcelize paste (S3). After glazing (S0) and following each polishing procedure (S1, S2 or S3), the surface roughness was measured using TALYSURF Series 2. The average surface roughness results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc tests (α = 0.01) RESULTS: All of the polishing procedures yielded higher surface roughness values when compared to the control group (S0). S3 yielded lower surface roughness values when compared to S1 and S2. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed treatments negatively affected the surface roughness of the glazed IPS Empress 2 ceramic.

Análise do índice de placa gengival e higiene bucal de pacientes em relação ao tabagismo / Analysis of gingival plaque index and oral hygiene of patients with regard to smoking

Objetivo: Avaliar clinicamente as alterações periodontais causadas pelo cigarro em pacientes fumantes e não fumantes sob dois aspectos: índice de placa gengival e higiene bucal. Métodos: Foram selecionados 80 pacientes de ambos os sexos, de faixa etária entre 20 e 50 anos, divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (pacientes não fumantes sem restaurações estéticas, pacientes não fumantes com restaurações estéticas, pacientes fumantes sem restaurações estéticas e pacientes fumantes com restaurações estéticas). Resultados: Os pacientes sem restaurações, independentemente de serem ou não fumantes, apresentaram menor índice gengival que os pacientes com restaurações, ou seja, a presença de restaurações exerce forte influência no aumento dos índices de placa bacteriana e gengival. Em relação à higiene bucal, dos 40 pacientes fumantes examinados, muitos mantinham o vício de fumar há muitos anos; na maioria dos casos, em torno de 20 cigarros/dia. Dos 80 pacientes examinados (fumantes e não fumantes), cerca de 50% informaram escovar os dentes três vezes ao dia, e 55 pacientes (mais de 50%) informaram visitar o cirurgião-dentista periodicamente. Dos 80 pacientes examinados (fumantes e não fumantes), apenas 17 retornavam ao consultório dentário a cada seis meses, enquanto 26 pacientes informaram que compareciam ao consultório uma vez ao ano. Constatou-se também equilíbrio entre fumantes e não fumantes quanto à presença de mau hálito. Conclusão: As restaurações exerceram forte influência no aumento dos índices de placa bacteriana e gengival, e mais de 50% dos pacientes examinados informaram visitar o cirurgião-dentista periodicamente. Em relação à presença de mau hálito, constatou-se que cerca de 40% afirmaram percebê-lo.

Objective: To make a clinical evaluation of periodontal alterations caused by cigarettes in smoker and non-smoker patients from two aspects: gingival plaque index and oral hygiene. Methods: Eighty patients of both sexes, ranging between 20 and 50 years of age, were selected and divided into four experimental groups (non-smoker patients without esthetic restorations, non-smoker patients with esthetic restorations, smoker patients without esthetic restorations, smoker patients with esthetic restorations). Results: The patients without restorations, irrespective of whether they were smokers or not, presented a lower gingival plaque index than the patients with restorations; that is, the presence of restorations exerts a strong influence on the increase in bacterial and gingival plaque indexes. With regard to oral hygiene, of the 40 smoker patients examined, many had been smoking for many years; in the majority of cases, around 20 cigarettes/day. Of the 80 patients examined (smokers and non-smokers), around 50% informed that they brushed their teeth three times a day, and 55 patients (over 50%) informed that they visited the dentist periodically. Of the 80 patients examined (smokers and non-smokers), only 17 returned to the dental consulting room every six months, while 26 patients informed that they went once a year. Balance was also found between smokers and non-smokers with regard to the presence of bad breath. (halitosis) Conclusion: Restorations had a strong influence on the increase in the bacterial and gingival plaque indexes, and over 50% of the patients examined informed that they visited the dentist periodically. As regards the presence of bad breath, it was found that around 40% of patients affirmed being aware of it.

Estudo comparativo de aparelhos fotopolimerizadores para determinar o grau de conversão de resinas compostas utilizando o espectrofotômetro de infravermelho / Comparative study of curing light devices to determine the degree of polymerization of composite resins using infrared spectroscopy

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar o grau e conversão de duas resinas compostas – Filtek Z250® e Filtek P60® – polimerizadas com duas unidades de luz fotoativadoras, sendo uma de luz halógena (Degulux®) e um LED (Ultrablue IS®). Métodos: Foram confeccionados 20 corpos-de-prova de cada resina composta, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, de acordo com cada aparelho de luz testada e então submetida à análise por espectrofotometria de infravermelho para determinação porcentual do grau de conversão. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores de grau de conversão das duas resinas testadas e o aparelho Ultrablue IS® apresentou resultados de conversão de monômeros semelhantes ao aparelho de luz halógena Degulux®. Conclusão: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores de grau de conversão dos materiais e o aparelho Ultrablue IS® apresentou resultados de conversão de monômeros semelhantes ao aparelho de luz halógena Degulux®.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the degree of conversion of two composite resins - Filtek Z250® and Filtek P60®- polymerized with two curing light units: halogen light (Degulux®) and LED (Ultrablue IS®). Methods: Twenty specimens of each composite resin were confectioned and randomly distributed in 4 groups, according to each device of light tested and then submitted to spectroscopy analysis of infra-red ray for determination of conversion degree.Results: The results obtained showed that there was no significant statistical difference between the curing efficiency values of both composite resins tested, and the device Ultrablue IS® presented similar results of curing conversion to the halogen curing light device (Degulux®). Conclusion: There was no statistical significant difference between the values of the degree of conversion of materials and the unit Ultrablue IS® presented results of conversion of monômeros similar to the device of light halógena Degulux®.