Orthognathic surgery and aligners. A comparative assessment of periodontal health and quality of life in postsurgical orthodontic treatment with aligners versus traditional fixed appliances: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Removable clear aligners have become very popular in the last few decades, but they are still little used in the field of orthognathic surgery (OS). The objective of this study was to compare periodontal health and quality of life (QoL) associated to postsurgical orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing OS were randomly allocated to receive postsurgical orthodontic treatment with either fixed orthodontic appliances or Invisalign. The main outcomes were periodontal health and QoL. Plaque index, probing depth and bleeding on probing were assessed as periodontal health indicators. QoL was assessed through the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ-22) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Data were analyzed before surgery and end of treatment. Total duration of treatment was also recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were randomized, (16 women, 12 men). Periodontal assessment showed better outcomes for the Invisalign group: bleeding on probing (p=0.013), plaque index (p=0.001) and probing depth (p<0.001). The QoL questionnaires showed significant differences in favor of the Invisalign group: OHIP-14 (p=0.004) and OQLQ-22 (p=0.002). Total duration of treatment was similar in both groups (p=0.575). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to traditional orthodontics with fixed appliances, patients managed with clear aligners after OS (surgery-first approach) had better periodontal health and QoL outcomes.

Metabolic activation of three arylamines and two organophosphorus insecticides by coriander (Coriandrum sativum) a common edible vegetable.

Organophosphorus insecticides and arylamines, widely distributed in the environment, can be activated into mutagens by plants. Plant activation of three aromatic amines, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOP), m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) and 2-aminofluorene (2AF), and two organophosphorus insecticides, dimethoate and methyl parathion has been the focus of this study. The plant cell/microbe coincubation assay was used employing coriander (Coriandrum sativum) suspended cell cultures as the activating system. Interestingly, this vegetable is included in the Mexican diet and ingested generally uncooked and could have epidemiological consequences. As a genetic end point, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 was used. Protein contents, as well as peroxidase activity and peroxidase activity inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) of coriander cultures were determined after the coculture. Coriander cells highly activated three aromatic amines, NOP, m-PDA and 2-AF to mutagenic products detected in Salmonella. On the other hand, insecticides were only lightly activated, probably because peroxidase activity of coriander cells was inhibited, corroborated by DEDTC peroxidase inhibition. In all the assays, NOP was the more potent mutagenic compound. The results demonstrated that coriander cells were metabolically competent and suitable for a plant cell microbe coincubation assay, developed to analyze the promutagen activation by plant systems and can be used as a indicator of potential genetic effects.

Sister chromatid exchanges in Vicia faba induced by arsenic-contaminated drinking water from Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Vicia faba root tips were used to examine well water containing high levels of arsenic. The increased amount of arsenic was contained in well water from different towns of Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. Treatments of 3 h were applied followed by the differential staining technique of Tempelaar et al. (Mutation Res. 103 (1982) 321-326). Concentrations of arsenic from 0.267 up to 1.070 mg/l were determined by colorimetry in the polluted samples used for this study. These values were above the permissible limit of 0.05 mg/l in drinking water. In all cases, except one in which the As concentration was 0.021, the arsenic-contaminated water produced significant increases of SCE compared with the control (p < 0.001) and a concentration-response relationship was observed. The SCE potency factor of 33 per mg/l of arsenic was calculated as the slope of a common regression line, pooling data previously obtained in the Comarca Lagunera and the results observed in Zimapan.

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and diabetic ketoacidosis: literature review and case report.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare polymicrobial infection that can be life-threatening. It is a rapidly progressive inflammatory process affecting the deep fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by its fulminant course and its high mortality rate. Most cases of NF affect the abdomen, groin, and extremities. NF in the neck is reported to be rare and most cases are odontogenic in origin. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment can result in death from sepsis, mediastinitis, carotid artery erosion, jugular vein thrombophlebitis, or aspiration pneumonia. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical history and predisposing factors, Gram staining and culture, imaging, and surgical exploration. Early and aggressive surgical treatment and intensive medical care are essential. The aim of this article is to report a case of severe and extensive cervical NF worsened by a diabetic ketoacidosis as a first appearance of diabetes mellitus.

Un modelo para armar: Una propuesta metodológica para abordar el estudio comparativo de la historia de la salud pública, de las profesiones de la salud y de sus relaciones de doble vía con la sociedad / A Model to Assemble: A Methodological Proposal to Address the Comparative Study of the History of Public Health, Health Professions and their Two-Way Relationships with Society / Um modelo para armar: Uma proposta metodológica para abordar o estudo comparativo da história da saúde pública, das profissões da saúde e de suas relações de via dupla com a sociedade

Objetivo. El artículo presenta la propuesta teórico-metodológica que, a partir de elementos ya trabajados previamente, se construyó durante la primera fase de un proyecto de largo alcance que busca elaborar una historia comparada de la medicina y la salud pública en América Latina. Metodología. Para exponer dicha propuesta, en un primer momento se elabora un breve balance historiográfico de la literatura existente sobre la historia de la medicina y de la salud pública en América Latina; en un segundo momento, se plantea una reconfiguración del concepto de 'campo de la salud', basada en un análisis crítico del concepto, y que se va perfilando como el marco de referencia para un programa de investigación en estudios sociales de la salud de largo plazo, en la Universidad del Rosario, programa en el cual se enmarca este proyecto comparativo; y, en un tercer momento, se presentan los lineamientos generales de la propuesta sobre la que se sustentará el proyecto. Resultados: Como resultado final se presenta una matriz que se estructuró a partir de todos los elementos teórico-metodológicos articulados en este estudio historiográfico. Dicha matriz está compuesta de nueve atributos y sus correspondientes categorías, que se utilizarán para llevar a cabo la segunda fase del proyecto comparativo de la historia de la medicina y la salud pública. La matriz se usará tanto para guiar la búsqueda de la información histórica como para llevar a cabo el análisis y la comparación conclusión.

The article shows the theoretical and methodological proposal that, grounded in previous studies, was built during the first phase of a long-term project that seeks to develop a comparative history of medicine and public health in Latin America. For laying out purposes, this article initially develops a brief historiographical overview of the literature on the history of medicine and public health in Latin America. It then proposes a reconfiguration of the 'health field' concept, based on a critical analysis of the concept, that begins to appear as a framework for a long term program of Social Studies of Health Research in El Rosario University, in which this comparative proposal is articulated. In a third moment, the article presents the general outlines of the proposal. As a final result, it presents a matrix to be used in the second phase of the comparative project of the history of medicine and public health in Latin America. It was structured upon all the theoretical and methodological elements discussed in this historiography study. This matrix was composed by nine attributes and their corresponding categories, which will be used as a guide to gather the historical records and to do the respective analysis and comparison.

Objetivo. O artigo apresenta a proposta teórico-metodológica que, a partir de elementos já trabalhados previamente, se construiu durante a primeira fase de um projeto de longo alcance que busca elaborar uma história comparada da medicina e a saúde pública na América Latina. Metodologia. Para expor dita proposta, em um primeiro momento elabora-se um breve balanço historiográfico da literatura existente sobre a história da medicina e da saúde pública na América Latina;em um segundo momento expõe-se uma reconfiguração do conceito de "campo da saúde", baseada em uma análise crítica do conceito, e que vai-se perfilando como o marco de referência para um Programa de Pesquisa em Estudos Sociais da Saúde de longo prazo, na Universidad del Rosario, programa no qual moldura-se este Projeto Comparativo; e em um terceiro momento, se apresentam os lineamentos gerais da proposta sobre a que se sustentará o Projeto. Resultados. Como resultado final apresenta-se uma matriz que se estruturou a partir de todos os elementos teórico-metodológicos articulados neste estudo historiográfico. Dita matriz está composta de nove atributos e suas categorias correspondentes, que se utilizarão para levar a cabo a segunda fase do projeto comparativo da história da medicina e a saúde pública. A matriz se usará tanto para guiar a busca da informação histórica quanto para levar a cabo a análise e a comparação.

Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetitions to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different loads on repetition speed during single sets of repetitions to failure in bench press and parallel squat. Thirty-six physical active men performed 1-repetition maximum in a bench press (1 RM (BP)) and half squat position (1 RM (HS)), and performed maximal power-output continuous repetition sets randomly every 10 days until failure with a submaximal load (60 %, 65 %, 70 %, and 75 % of 1RM, respectively) during bench press and parallel squat. Average velocity of each repetition was recorded by linking a rotary encoder to the end part of the bar. The values of 1 RM (BP) and 1 RM (HS) were 91 +/- 17 and 200 +/- 20 kg, respectively. The number of repetitions performed for a given percentage of 1RM was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in half squat than in bench press performance. Average repetition velocity decreased at a greater rate in bench press than in parallel squat. The significant reductions observed in the average repetition velocity (expressed as a percentage of the average velocity achieved during the initial repetition) were observed at higher percentage of the total number of repetitions performed in parallel squat (48 - 69 %) than in bench press (34 - 40 %) actions. The major finding in this study was that, for a given muscle action (bench press or parallel squat), the pattern of reduction in the relative average velocity achieved during each repetition and the relative number of repetitions performed was the same for all percentages of 1RM tested. However, relative average velocity decreased at a greater rate in bench press than in parallel squat performance. This would indicate that in bench press the significant reductions observed in the average repetition velocity occurred when the number of repetitions was over one third (34 %) of the total number of repetitions performed, whereas in parallel squat it was nearly one half (48 %). Conceptually, this would indicate that for a given exercise (bench press or squat) and percentage of maximal dynamic strength (1RM), the pattern of velocity decrease can be predicted over a set of repetitions, so that a minimum repetition threshold to ensure maximal speed performance is determined.

Manejo de trauma frontal: revisión de literatura y reporte de casos / Management of frontal trauma: review literature and report of cases / Abordagem de trauma frontal: revisão da literatura e relato de casos

Desde la época de Reidel (1898) han sido considerables los avances en el manejo del trauma frontal; sin embargo, el tratamiento para este trauma sigue siendo controvertido y si por alguna circunstancia el manejo no es el adecuado, se pueden presentar serias complicaciones. En este articulo se reportan siete casos manejados por el servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Militar Central (HMC) de Bogotá, Colombia, y se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre manejo de fracturas de seno frontal y las diferentes técnicas utilizadas, especialmente en la obliteración del receso frontal con los materiales autógenos o aloplásticos disponibles y las complicaciones más frecuentes...

Since the work of Reidel (1898), there have been considerable advances in the management of frontal trauma. However, the treatment for this trauma is still controversial, so if given the case of inappropriate management, it can imply serious complications. In this article seven cases handled by the service of Oral Surgery and Maxilofacial of the Central Military Hospital (HMC) of Bogotá-Colombia are reported. A literature review was prepared on managing fracture of frontal sinus and the different technologies used, especially in the frontal recess obliteration with available autogenous or alloplastic materials and the most frequent complications...

Desde o tempo de Reidel (1898) tem havido avanços consideráveis na abordagem de trauma frontal; porem, o tratamento para o trauma ainda é controverso e se por algum motivo, a abordagem não é adequada, complicações graves podem ocorrer. Neste trabalho nós relatamos sete casos tratados pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Militar Central (HMC) de Bogotá, Colômbia, e uma revisão da literatura sobre abordagem de fraturas do seio frontal e as diferentes técnicas utilizadas, especialmente na obliteração do recesso frontal com materiais autógenos ou aloplásticos disponíveis e as complicações mais freqüentes...

Benign fibro-osseous lesions in Paget's disease of the jaws.

A clinicopathologic study of five patients with Paget's disease of the jaws is reported. All patients had well-documented cases of osteitis deformans with polyostotic involvement. Histologic studies of facial bones could be performed because surgery was necessary for either cosmetic or functional reasons. Three specimens consisted of maxillary bone, and two were mandibular. Microscopically, all cases showed multiple and irregular fibroproliferative lesions containing mineralized structures intermingled with bone characteristic of Paget's disease. The purpose of this article is to present these fibro-osseous lesions in relation to Paget's disease of the jaws and to emphasize their close resemblance to other benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws, especially cementifying and ossifying fibroma, and florid osseous dysplasia.

Retromolar intubation.

PURPOSE: A simple technique of retromolar intubation does not interfere with dental occlusion and offers clear advantages in craniofacial, orthognathic, oncologic, and trauma surgery procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine subjects underwent different surgical procedures using this intubation technique. The possible surgical and anesthetic complications were analyzed. RESULTS: After the analysis of the studied variables and modes, we noticed that there was not a significant increase in complications or surgical time compared with other classic intubation methods. A retromolar bone graft could be obtained if necessary. CONCLUSION: This technique does not impede operating on the nasal pyramid and allows intraoperative assessment of the new surgical profile, while permitting establishment of normal occlusion.

Reconstrucción frontoorbitonasal con implantes Psi: reporte de caso / Frontal-orbital-nasal reconstruction with Psi implants: report of a case / Reconstrução com implantes frontoorbitonasal Psi: relato de caso

La reconstrucción del macizo craneofacial ha sido un reto importante en el campo de la cirugía reconstructiva y desde años atrás son diversos los materiales utilizados en ella. Su resultado, al igual que en otras reconstrucciones óseas craneofaciales, depende de las habilidades quirúrgicas, de la calidad de los tejidos blandos adyacentes, del tamaño y localización del defecto óseo, así como del método de reconstrucción seleccionado. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un soldado que sufrió una lesión por arma de fuego y para cuya reconstrucción craneofacial se utilizó poliéter-éter-cetona, PEEK (polyether-ether-ketones), -un material disponible para uso médico desde 1998...

The reconstruction of the craniofacial complex has been an important challenge in the field of reconstructive surgery and for years there has been a diversity of materials used. The results, as with other bony craniofacial reconstructions, depend on the surgical abilities, the quality of the adjacent soft tissues, the size and localization of the osseous defect and the selected reconstructive method. We present the case of a soldier who suffered a firearm wound and who had a craniofacial reconstruction using polyether-ether -ketones (PEEK), a material available for medical use since 1998...

A reconstrução craniofacial tem sido um grande desafio no campo da cirurgia de reconstrução e faz muitos anos existem diferentes materiais utilizados na mesma. Seu resultado, como na reconstrução craniofacial esquelética depende de outras habilidades cirúrgicas, a qualidade dos tecidos moles circundantes, o tamanho ea localização do defeito ósseo, eo método de reconstrução selecionado. Este artigo apresenta o caso de um soldado que sofreu uma lesao por uma arma de fogo e que foi utilizado polieter-eter-acetona (PEEK), um material disponível para uso médico desde 1998 - na reconstrução craniofacial...

Vigilancia epidemiológica / Epidemiological surveillance

La vigilancia epidemiológica es una herramienta fundamental en el control de los procesos que se desarrollan en el ambiente hospitalario y en la salud pública. La adecuada implementación de la herramienta, de acuerdo al contexto particular de las instituciones, permitirá establecer con mayor precisión, los indicadores en salud, que reflejan la calidad de atención propia de ellas. Esta revisión pretende brindar elementos característicos de la vigilancia epidemiológica, que van desde su definición hasta su evaluación