The effects of Biodentine/polycaprolactone three-dimensional-scaffold with odontogenesis properties on human dental pulp cells.

AIM: To determine the feasibility of using three-dimensional printed Biodentine/polycaprolactone composite scaffolds for orthopaedic and dental applications. The physicochemical properties and the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were investigated. METHODOLOGY: Biodentine was well-suspended in ethanol and dropped slowly into molten polycaprolactone with vigorous stirring. The Biodentine/polycaprolactone composite scaffolds were then fabricated into controlled macropore sizes and structures using an extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printer. The mechanical properties, bioactivity, and the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) cultured on the scaffolds were evaluated. RESULTS: Biodentine/polycaprolactone scaffolds had uniform macropores 550 µm in size with established interconnections and a compressive strength of 6.5 MPa. In addition, the composite scaffolds exhibited a good apatite-forming ability and were capable of supporting the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs. CONCLUSION: The composite scaffolds fabricated by an extrusion-based 3D printing technique had similar characteristics to Biodentine cement, including bioactivity and the ability to promote the differentiation of hDPCs. These results indicate that the composite scaffold would be a candidate for dental and bone regeneration.

[Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults in 2010-2012].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (AO) among Chinese adults aged 18 and above. Methods: Data were collected from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratifies proportion to the population cluster random sampling method was conducted to determine 120 265 subjects aged 18 and above at 150 counties in 31 provinces in China mainland. WC was determined for all subjects, and AO was judged according to the "Healthy Adult Weight Determination" (WS/T 428-2013). Using the demographic data published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009, we performed complex sampling weighted treatment to calculate the WC, AO rate and 95%CI. Results: The mean WC of Chinese men aged 18 and above was 82.8 cm, which of urban men (84.1 cm) was higher than that of rural men (81.4 cm) (P<0.001). The average WC of women was 78.5 cm. There was no statistical difference between urban (78.7 cm) and rural women (78.4 cm) (P=0.965). With the increase of education level, the mean WC of male increased gradually from 81.2 cm to 84.3 cm (P<0.001), and the mean WC of female decreased from 80.3 cm to 74.3 cm (P<0.001). With the family income rose, the mean WC of men increased gradually from 81.9 cm to 84.7 cm (P<0.001), and the mean of WC of women decreased from 78.8 cm to 77.6 cm (P<0.001). The AO rate was 25.7% (95% CI: 23.7%-27.7%) in adults aged 18 years and older. The AO rate in urban males (29.8% (95%CI: 26.5%-33.1%)) was significantly higher than that of rural males (22.3% (95%CI: 19.3%-25.2%)) (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the female AO rate between urban (25.6% (95%CI: 22.8%-28.4%)) and rural areas (25.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-27.9%)) (P=0.772). With the increase of the educational level, the AO rate of men increased from 20.1% (95%CI: 18.0%-22.1%) to 32.6% (95%CI: 28.6%-36.6%) (P<0.001), the rate of women decreased gradually from 31.3% (95%CI: 28.7%-33.9%) to 13.5% (95%CI: 10.9%-16.1%) (P<0.001). With the increase of family income, the AO rate of male increased gradually from 23.3% (95%CI: 20.7%-25.9%) to 31.8% (95%CI: 27.6%-36.1%) (P<0.001), the rate of female decreased from 26.5% (95% CI: 24.2%-28.7%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 17.2%-22.8%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of AO among Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was high, and there were significant differences in WC and AO rate between men and women under different age, region, educational level and family income level.

[Survey on dietary nutrients intake of Chinese residents between 2010 and 2012].

Objective: To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010-2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas. Methods: Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China's county-level divisions were classified into four types: big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62 857 valid subjects, including 14 017, 16 539, 19 910 and 12 391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition. Results: The average energy intake per resident in Mainland China was 9 047.1 kJ, with highest (9 719.3 kJ) in poor rural area and lowest (8 490.4 kJ) in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest (73.9 g) in big city and lowest (60.7 g) in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest (89.4 g) in big city and lowest (70.6 g) in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 µg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%. Conclusion: The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in mainland China. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.

Association between psoriasis and asthma: a population-based retrospective cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Both psoriasis and asthma are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of developing asthma in patients with psoriasis compared with controls. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with psoriasis (n = 10,288) and matched comparison patients without psoriasis (n = 41,152) were evaluated. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the risk of asthma in patients with and without psoriasis. RESULTS: The risk of asthma was 1·38-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·23-1·54] in the cohort with psoriasis than in the reference cohort, after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. The incidence of asthma in men and women with psoriasis exhibited nonsignificant differences. Among all patients aged > 50 years, psoriasis was associated with a higher risk of asthma compared with not having psoriasis [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1·49; 95% CI 1·18-1·88 (in patients aged 50-64 years); adjusted HR 1·63; 95% CI 1·34-1·99 (in patients aged > 65 years)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that patients with psoriasis are associated with a increased risk of developing asthma.

A cultured endophyte community is associated with the plant Clerodendrum inerme and antifungal activity.

Fungal endophytes live in the inner tissues of Clerodendrum inerme and may be significant resources for new chemicals in drug discovery. A total of 242 endophytic fungi were recovered from 602 sample segments of C. inerme; 66 were purified. The 66 fungi belonging to 16 taxa and 11 genera (Alternaria, Nigrospora, Bartalinia, Pestalotiopsis, Fusarium, Mycoleptodiscus, Trichoderma, Phomopsis, Diaporthe, Lasiodiplodia, and Curvularia) were identified by morphological characteristics and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences. The most abundant genera were Alternaria and Lasiodiplodia. Some of the endophytes exhibited tissue specificity. The colonization frequencies of endophytes in the stems were evidently higher than those in the roots and leaves. The crude ethyl acetate extracts were tested against 6 endophytes isolated from C. inerme. Three of 10 (33.3%) endophytes, which were identified as Phomopsis sp, Curvularia sp, and Mycoleptodiscus sp, displayed distinct antifungal activity against ≥3 tested fungi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an endophytic community associated with C. inerme in China and its antifungal activity in vitro.

[Prevalence and influencing factors on food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China].

Objective: To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors. Methods: Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2016-2017. A total of 70 107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study. The study collected information of participants' demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire. The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed, using the complex data weighting method. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy. Results: The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%. Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months, and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%, 4.68% and 5.26%, respectively. The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old, urban area, southwest area, first-born, mothers with college education or above, and the prevalence of food allergy in children. Shrimp, poultry eggs, crab shellfish, fruit, milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years, with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%, 1.25%, 0.99%, 0.97%, 0.87% and 0.86%, respectively. The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%. Conclusions: Among children aged 0-5 years, the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age, in China. Foods that is prone to allergies include fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, poultry eggs, milk and fruits, etc. Most allergies were only caused by single food in children, under observation.

Schwannoma mimicking liver tumor.

Thoracic neurogenic tumors typically originate from the posterior mediastinum and the intercostal nerves. No report of a chest wall schwannoma extending toward the subphrenic areas and making a significant indentation into liver parenchyma exists to date. We present a liver tumor-mimicking schwannoma of the intercostal nerves. A 58-year-old woman presented with a painful lesion in the right subphrenic area and abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for two months. Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor, 9.1 x 7.1 x 8.9 cm in size, with an inner cystic change in segment V and VI of the liver. The tumor was completely resected together with part of the 9th rib. Pathology confirmed a schwannoma and showed a tumor composed of spindle cells with oval to wavy nuclei. The patient was still asymptomatic at follow-up after 36 months, with no sign of recurrence.

COX-2 potentiates cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by promoting EMT in an AKT signaling pathway-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) on cisplatin resistance of NSCLC and its molecular mechanisms, with special attention to its pro-EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: COX-2 levels were compared in two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H460, by qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Western blot. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin was also determined in the two cell lines using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression of EMT-related proteins and activation of AKT (protein kinase B) signaling were detected in H460 cells with ectopic COX-2 expression. RESULTS: Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was assessed in COX-2 overexpressing H460 cells by FACS. NS398, a COX-2 inhibitor, was also applied to determine EMT status and effect on cisplatin sensitivity in H460 cells. COX-2 levels were positively correlated with cisplatin resistance in both NSCLC cell lines tested. In response to COX-2 overexpression, EMT-related proteins, such as E-cadherin, were inhibited, while vimentin and N-cadherin were upregulated. The AKT signaling pathway was also activated in H460 cells. Ectopic expression of COX-2 potentiated cisplatin resistance of H460 cells, which was accompanied by decreased levels of apoptosis. Notably, NS398 effectively increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in A549 cells by inhibiting EMT and the AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 might promote cisplatin resistance in NSCLC by promoting EMT through the AKT signaling pathway activation.

[Study on the relationship between family-related factors and obesity of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between family-related factors and the status of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China. Methods: Data were collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012 program. A sample of 6 343 subjects aged 6-17 years was selected, with matched weight, education levels, household income and other family related factors of their parents. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between family factors and overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents. Results: After adjusted for age, gender and region, results from the multivariate logistic regression showed that both the overweight and obesity of children and adolescents were associated with maternal BMI (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.63-2.05), paternal BMI (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.57-1.94), mother's educational level (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.12-1.37) and household income (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.15-1.46). Conclusion: Factors as overweight or obesity status of the parents, mother's educational level and household income were positively correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

[Prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children aged 0-5 years].

Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years, in 2010-2013. Methods: Data was from the'China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women'project in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862. Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old. Results: were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4% among the 0-5-year-old in 2013, with 9.4% in boys and 7.2% in girls. Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same, as 8.4%. The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0%, 11.1%, 8.3%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 3.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The rates of overweight in low, medium and high income families were 8.0%, 8.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% among the 0-5-year-old, with 3.6% in boys and 2.5% in girls. There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3%) and rural areas (2.9%). The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8%, 3.8%, 2.5%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The rates of obesity in low, medium and high income families were 2.8%, 3.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China, suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.

[Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Methods: Data was from the samples of aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance program in 2010-2012. P(90) (the same age, the same sex) was used as the diagnostic value for abdominal obesity. Results: The overall waist circumference of children and adolescents in all the age groups appeared higher in males than that in females (P<0.000 1), higher in cities than that in the rural areas (P<0.05), and higher in children with high family income than those with middle or low family incomes (P=0.000 3). The rate of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years appeared as 11.2% on average and 10.7% and 11.8% for boys and girls, respectively but with no significant difference (P>0.05). Rates on abdominal obesity appeared as 13.2% and 8.5% for boys while as 12.3% and 11.2% for girls respectively, in urban or rural areas. As for the levels of family income, the abdominal obesity rates appeared as 15.8%, 11.5% and 8.8% respectively for boys while 13.5%, 11.9% and 11.6% respectively for girls, under high, middle and low levels of family income. Conclusion: The rate of abdominal obesity in boys seemed more responsive to the impact of income in urban or rural areas.

[Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years].

Objective: To analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on obesity. Methods: Data was from children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 program. In children aged 6 years, criteria of overweight and obesity were followed the WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. In children and adolescents aged 7-17 years, overweight and obesity were defined by sex and age specific BMI, recommended by Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents according to the Chinese guidelines. Results: The overall rates on overweight and obesity were 9.6% and 6.4% among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, with 11.0% (12.8% for boys and 9.0% for girls) in urban and 7.7% (boys 9.7%, girls 5.5%) in rural areas. The rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were 8.4% (boys 9.3%, girls 7.4%) and 5.2% (boys 6.2%, girls 4.1%) in the rural areas. According to the levels of household income, the overweight rates of children in high, middle and low incomes were 12.3%, 10.7% and 8.2%, with obesity as 8.6%, 7.2% and 5.7% respectively. Conclusions: In 2012, the prevalence rates of overweight and obese were 9.6% and 6.4% among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively, higher in urban than in rural areas and higher boys than in girls. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity seemed to be related to the levels of household income.

Esophageal tuberculosis: a rare presentation with massive hematemesis.

A 43-year-old female presented with massive hematemesis. Esophagoscopy showed an ulcer 22 to 25 cm from the incisor with active bleeding. A thoracotomy and primary closure of the ulcer was performed. Massive hematemesis recurred 8 days later, resulting in hypovolemic shock. The thoracic esophagus was resected and histological examination showed granuloma with central caseous necrosis. Combined chemotherapy was given for 10 months. At 6 months after the subtotal esophagectomy, the esophagus was reconstructed using the right-side colon.

Cyclooxygenase-2 in human non-small cell lung cancer.

AIM: Recent studies report that the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increased, especially in adenocarcinoma. Platelet activating factor (PAF), n-sodium butyrate (n-BT), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) are important mediators of the inflammatory process. METHOD: Expression of COX-2 in 67 stage 1 NSCLC paraffin-embedded tumor samples was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Four NSCL cell lines were incubated and stimulated by PAF, n-BT and PMA for 48 h. Expression of COX-2 was determined by IHC, immunoblotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: IHC showed increasing immunoreactivity in 35 of 67 (52%) in stage I NSCLC, 31 of 53 (59%) in adenocarcinoma and 13 of 15 (87%) in bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma, but only 2 of 12 (17%) in epidermoid carcinoma. The COX-2 expression in NSCLC cells was 75% (3/4) and the COX-1 expression in NSCLC cells was 100% (4/4). After stimulation with PMA, n-BT, PAF and n-BT + PAF, the COX-2 expression in NSCLC cells was significantly increased in all cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of COX-2 in NSCLC cells is high and was up-regulated by PMA, n-BT and PAF. We consider that COX-2 inhibitors will play an important role in the therapy of NSCLC.

Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis--with emphasis on perioperative management (1,360 case analyses).

BACKGROUND: Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is very common, and can be disabling. Various surgical methods for endoscopic sympathectomy have been advocated. We present a simple and effective method of treating PH by means of transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES). METHODS: From July 1994 to May 1998, a total of 1,360 patients with hyperhidrosis palmaris underwent TES. There were 544 males and 816 females with a mean age of 23.1 years old (range, 5 to 60 years). All patients were placed in a half-sitting position under single-lumen intubational anesthesia. We performed the ablation of the T2 ganglion using either a 6- or 8-mm, 0-degree thoracoscope (Karl Storz Company, Germany) RESULTS: In these 1,360 patients, 2,715 sympathectomies were performed. TES was usually accomplished within 15 min. Surgical complications were minimal: six cases of pneumothorax (0.44%), four cases of segmental collapse of lung (0.29%), and two wound infections (0.15%). There was no surgical mortality. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 27.8 months. A total of 1,292 patients (95%) had highly satisfactory results, although 1,140 patients (84%) have developed compensatory sweating of the trunk and lower limbs. The affected area was the axillae, back, abdomen, lower limbs (16%, 82%, 52%, and 78%, respectively). The recurrence rates of PH were 0.4% in the first year, 0.6% in the second year, and 1.1% in the third year. CONCLUSIONS: TES is a simple, safe, and effective method of treating PH.

Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for craniofacial hyperhidrosis: analysis of 46 cases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Craniofacial hyperhidrosis may result in social phobia and has a strong negative impact on the quality of life. The traditional therapeutic options are psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatment, but these often fail. We wished to investigate whether transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) of the lower part of the stellate ganglion is efficient and safe in the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1995 and September 1999, a total of 21 men and 25 women with a mean age of 41.2 years (range 22-58 years) underwent TES for craniofacial hyperhidrosis. All patients were placed in a semisitting position under single-lumen intubated anesthesia. We ablated the lower part of the stellate ganglion at the second rib using a storz 8-mm 0 degrees thoracoscope via one 0.8-cm incision just below each axilla. Questionnaires were sent to all patients postoperatively. RESULTS: Among these 46 patients, 92 sympathectomies were performed. Usually, TES was accomplished within 15 minutes (range 7-20 minutes). The surgical complications were minimal: one segmental atelectasis of the lung (2%). There was no surgical mortality. With a mean postoperative follow-up of 32.1 months (range 3-51 months), the results of TES were highly satisfactory in most patients although 37 (80%) developed compensatory sweating of the trunk and lower limbs, the distribution being the axillae in 15 (33%), back in 36 (78%), lower chest and abdomen in 22 (48%), lower limbs in 34 (74%) and sole in 1. The recurrence rates of craniofacial hyperhidrosis were 0 in the first and the second years and 2% each in the third and fourth years. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy is a safe and effective method for treating craniofacial hyperhidrosis.

Highly efficient and stable Ag/AgIO3 particles for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 under visible light.

Ag supported on AgIO3 (Ag/AgIO3 particles), a plasmonic photocatalyst, was synthesized through a facile solid-state ion-exchange procedure followed by reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The particles displayed high activity and stability in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CH4 and CO using water vapor under visible-light irradiation (>400 nm wavelength).

Proteomic identification of differentially expressed proteins in curcumin-treated MCF-7 cells.

Curcumin (CM), a well-known dietary pigment derived from Curcuma longa L., possess anticancer activities against a variety of tumors including human breast carcinoma. In combination with docetaxel, CM has been used in breast cancer management in the clinic. In order to explore the possible mechanism of anticancer activity of CM, in the present study, we aimed to identify proteins involved in the anticancer activity of CM in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic analysis. MCF-7 cells were cultured at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5.0% CO(2). All the following experiments were repeated three times. Cell viability assay showed that after a 48-h incubation CM dose-dependently inhibited cell growth with an IC(50) value of 47.42 µM. Treatment of CM at 47.42 µM for 48 h induced apoptosis as determined by nuclear morphologic changes of Hoechst stained cells and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI stained cells. Proteomic analysis identified 12 differentially expressed proteins which contributed to multiple functional activities such as DNA transcription, mRNA splicing and translation, amino acid synthesis, protein synthesis, folding and degradation, lipid metabolism, glycolysis, and cell motility. Among them 7 proteins were up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. The up-regulated ones were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. The down-regulated proteins, TDP-43, SF2/ASF and eIF3i, as well as up-regulated ones, 3-PGDH, ERP29, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta positively contribute to the anticancer activity of CM in MCF-7 cells. These molecules are implicated in the bioactivities of CM for the first time. The findings of this study would shed new insights for systematically understanding the mechanisms of CM in breast cancer intervention.