Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in the NeuroICU: Identification of Risk Factors and Time-to-CAUTI Using a Case-Control Design.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for 25% of all hospital-acquired infections. Neuro-critically ill patients are at 2-5 times greater risk of developing CAUTI because of increased use of indwelling urinary catheters due to neurogenic urinary retention. Despite the heightened risk of CAUTI occurrence for the neuro-critically ill, there is little data on specific characteristics of CAUTIs and risk factors among this population. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with CAUTI development in the neuro-critical patient population. METHODS: In this retrospective single-center case-control study in a tertiary care dedicated 30-bed neuroICU, approximately 3 controls (exact ratio-3.2) were randomly selected for each CAUTI case between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2018. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, including prospectively collected data pertaining to urinary and bowel function. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify common patient characteristics, CAUTI risk factors and duration from catheterization to developing a CAUTI (Time-to-CAUTI). RESULTS: Of 3045 admissions during the study period, 1045 (34.30%) had a urinary catheter at some point during their admission. Of those, 45 developed a CAUTI, yielding a CAUTI incidence rate of 1.50%, corresponding to 4.49 infections/1000 catheter days. On average, CAUTI patients were older as compared to controls (66.44 years of age vs 58.09 years; p < 0.0001). In addition to old age, other risk factors included female gender (75.60% female vs 24.20% males in case group, p < 0.0001), increased neuroICU length of stay (18.31 in cases vs. 8.05 days in controls, p = 0.0001) and stool incontinence (OR = 3.73, p = 0.0146). CAUTI patients more often carried a primary diagnosis of SAH, and comorbidities of hypertension (HTN), vasospasm and diabetes. Time-to-CAUTI was 6 days on average, with an earlier peak for patients requiring two or more catheter placements. Presence of stool incontinence was significantly associated with CAUTI occurrence. CONCLUSION: Stool incontinence, older age, female sex, longer neuroICU LOS and presence of comorbidities such as HTN and diabetes were associated with CAUTI development in the neuro-critically ill population. Average Time-to-CAUTI after catheter placement was 6 days with earlier occurrence if more frequent catheterizations. Colonization of urinary catheters without infection might contribute to CAUTI diagnosis. Prospective research is needed to determine impact of prevention protocols incorporating these factors.

Multi-Faceted Approach to COVID-19 Surveillance at a Large University Campus in the Southeastern United States.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present unique public health challenges both within the United States and across the globe. Institutions of higher learning are tasked with preventing and responding to COVID-19 on campus while also considering implications for the surrounding communities. The process of re-opening campus, whether at full or partial capacity, has tasked these institutions with overcoming complex challenges associated with balancing the resumption of campus operations while simultaneously protecting university affiliates and surrounding community members from COVID-19 through robust surveillance, contact tracing, and testing efforts. Here, we provide a concise outline related to the development and implementation of the comprehensive and sustainable COVID-19 surveillance program at the University of Florida. We also critically discuss the successes and pitfalls of this program while also providing recommendations for the development of similar programs in the future.

Using Intern-Led Quality Improvement to Reduce Readmissions for Specialty Service Patients Within an Academic Medical Center.

Introduction: Postdischarge patient calls are an effective intervention to decrease unplanned readmissions. Despite its efficacy, calls are time consuming and compete with other clinical obligations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of intern-led quality improvement (QI) on conducting initial postdischarge calls to filter patients who require clinical or nurse follow-up. Methods: QI interns from an academic medical center's QI program completed postdischarge patient calls within 72 hours of patient discharge from a neurosurgery service between June 2018 and July 2019. QI interns filtered patients who required follow-up calls from a clinical service or nurse department. The departments called patients within 48 hours of requests. Unplanned readmission rate was compared between the cohort of patients who requested and received a follow-up call versus a cohort of patients who requested and did not receive a follow-up call (control). Results: QI interns completed 83.8% postdischarge patient calls within 72 hours of discharge. Reasons for unsuccessful calls included patient unresponsiveness (74.6%), wrong phone number on file (13.9%), and request to be called at a different time (11.5%). Nurses completed 57.2% follow-up requests within the targeted 48 hours and completed remaining requests within 7 days. QI intern postdischarge follow-up calls, in conjunction with nurse follow-up intervention, showed a significant (risk ratio = -3.31, p = 0.012) preventive effect on unplanned readmission rate. Conclusions: QI interns are a viable alternative to nurses to conduct the first contact of postdischarge patient follow-up calls. This system of QI interns filtering calls to the correct clinical service or nurse department increased postdischarge patient follow-up calls success rate and decreased readmission rates.

When Is My Care Team Rounding? A Simple Signage Intervention to Increase Awareness of Rounding Times.

Patient and caregiver awareness of multidisciplinary rounds (MDR) times, and their subsequent involvement in MDR, aids in decreasing adverse health outcomes, reducing average length of stay, and increasing satisfaction. The objective of this study was to increase patient and caregiver awareness of MDR times using signage interventions and to assess the state of rounding processes with patient and caregiver satisfaction pre- and post-intervention. We administered survey questions to assess MDR interaction and awareness regarding MDR times. Patient and caregiver awareness of rounding times increased significantly by 25.87% (P = .0043) post-intervention. Although patients' confidence in the physician remained largely unchanged after the intervention due to high initial confidence levels, MDR satisfaction metrics increased slightly post-intervention. Thus, our signage intervention increased rounding time awareness in the MDR process.