Detection of Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Family Health Strategy Women.

In rural area, control of breast cancer is related to health promotion and early diagnosis, which includes knowledge, awareness, and stimulating behavioral change, emphasizing screening for disease. The present study was developed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural women about early detection of breast cancer in the Primary Health Care Centre. This is a cross-sectional study in a Primary Health Care Centre with 243 rural women participating in the public health service. Data collection was made by a self-administered questionnaire which included sociodemographic characteristics, questions on breast cancer risk factors, screening, and diagnostic methods. Marks were attributed to each question and calculated for each section. Participants fell in three categories of knowledge, attitude, and practice: appropriate, regular and inappropriate. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of early detection methods were considered especially appropriate for those rural women with education and higher economic level, but inadequate responses to such methods were still significant. It is noted that there is still a significant number of rural women who do not have basic knowledge regarding early detection methods of breast cancer, contributing to the non-realization of these methods, as its advocates.

Motivational interviewing in the social support of caregivers of patients with breast cancer in chemotherapy. / Entrevista motivacional no suporte social de cuidadores de pacientes com câncer de mama em quimioterapia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing for the change of social support behavior of caregivers of breast cancer patients in chemotherapy. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study conducted with women in chemotherapy for breast cancer and their respective caregivers. The intervention of Brief Motivational Interviewing was applied to the caregivers indicated by patients in four individual sessions with weekly intervals and duration of 30 minutes each. The social support behavior was evaluated by women before and after the intervention through the Social Support Scale. RESULTS: Eighteen women and 18 caregivers participated in the study. The social support of women was higher for both the emotional and the instrumental dimensions of the Social Support Scale after the intervention of Brief Motivational Interviewing with caregivers. These findings contribute to the clinical practice of several professional categories in the use of low-cost intervention strategies for improvement of the quality of life during and after treatment of women with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The intervention positively promoted behavioral change by improving the social support provided by caregivers to breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Content validity of guidance on self-care in the post-operative period for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: to validate the content of a guidance guide on self-care in the postoperative period of breast surgery for breast cancer. METHODS: a methodological study with content validity, carried out with 15 expert nurses and physiotherapists, between May and July 2022. Recruitment took place from the Lattes Platform, using snowball sampling. The level of relevance and representativeness for each item was verified using the Content Validity Index (CVI). It was considered valid when CVI was equal to or greater than 78% (0.78). RESULTS: from the initial total of 37 items, two were excluded, as they had insufficient practical relevance and theoretical relevance, and another five items which, although presenting a CVI lower than the established cut-off, were suggested to be rewritten and grouped with other similar items. CONCLUSIONS: thirty items were considered valid and demonstrated important and significant characteristics, constituting suitable material for application in clinical practice.

Factors associated with the time to treat breast cancer in the pandemic period: an observational study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the factors associated with the time to surgical treatment for breast cancer in patients seen at a reference mastology outpatient clinic in the State of Ceará. METHODS: analytical, longitudinal study with medical charts from the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School. We used 140 medical charts of breast cancer patients with surgeries performed during the pandemic. RESULTS: the study evidenced associations between schooling and shorter time to treatment in patients who underwent biopsy before the first outpatient visit (p = 0.026; OR: 0.16; CI = 0.03-0.85); in the group who had the biopsy performed by the outpatient clinic, was associated the type of tumor (p = 0.019) and neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: the lesser educational level, tumor type, and use of neoadjuvant therapy were factors associated with the time to treatment during the pandemic period.

Factors related to mammography adherence among women in Brazil: A scoping review.

AIM: To explore and synthesize the literature on factors related to mammography screening adherence among women in Brazil. DESIGN: A scoping review. METHODS: We searched 11 databases for studies published between 2006-January 2020. All identified articles were screened, and data were extracted from eligible studies. We used the UK Government Social Research Service weight of evidence appraisal tool to appraise the quality of the included study. RESULTS: From a total of 1,384 identified articles, 22 were retained. All included studies used quantitative, non-experimental methods and all but two studies used cross-sectional data. Quality of evidence varied across studies. We identified 41 factors that were investigated across the set of studies. Demographic and socio-economic factors were the most commonly investigated, with older age, urban residence, living in the southeast of Brazil, higher level of education, higher income and private health insurance most consistently associated with mammography adherence.

Restructuring service at a mastology outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to report the experience of a health team in restructuring service at a mastology outpatient clinic. METHODS: an experience report in a public university service mastology outpatient in Ceará between March and April 2020. Service in this outpatient clinic is exclusively for women and who have breast changes for surgical treatments ranging from nodulectomies to mastectomies with oncoplastic. RESULTS: increased COVID-19 cases brought the need to restructure healthcare services. The following steps were followed: identification of scheduled patients, reading of clinical developments in electronic medical records, individual assessment to define whether or not appointment would remain, telephone contact to inform about unscheduling. Among the 555 consultations scheduled for March and April 2020, 316 (56.9%) were maintained. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: restructuring consultations at a mastology outpatient clinic optimized the waiting time for consultations and avoided crowds at service, providing patient safety.

Nursing communication in nursing care to mastectomized women: a grounded theory study.

The goal was to understand the nurse/patient communication process, emphasizing nursing care to mastectomized women. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were used to interview eight nurses from a referral institution in cancer treatment, using the guiding question: how do nurses perceive their communication process with mastectomized women? Data analysis allowed for the creation of a central theory: the meaning of communication in nursing care to women, constituted by three distinct but inter-related phenomena: perceiving communication, the relationship nurse/mastectomized woman and rethinking the communication nurse/mastectomized woman. With a view to satisfactory communication, professionals need to get involved and believe that their presence is as important as the performance of technical procedures that relieve situations of stress.

[The perception of mastectomized women's partners regarding life after surgery]. / Percepção dos cônjuges de mulheres mastectomizadas com relação à convivência pós-cirurgia.

The objective of this study was to understand how the partners of mastectomized women perceived life after the surgery. The study is both descriptive and exploratory, and was conducted in 2006 with five men who lived with mastectomized women in Fortaleza, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were performed and the results were grouped into three analytic categories. We identified a level of misinformation about the illness, tranquility attributed to a faith in God, and a strong conviction that cancer and death are synonyms. Nursing/health professionals are responsible for providing knowledge about breast cancer and for fostering for integration between the woman and her partner, prioritizing a healthy life together.

[Knowledge and expectations of women in the preoperative mastectomy]. / Conhecimento e expectativas de mulheres no pré-operatório da mastectomia.

The objective of this study was to understand the knowledge, concerns and expectations of patients suffering from breast cancer in relation to mastectomy. Interviews were performed with 11 women before their being submitted to surgery at the Hospital das Clinicas in Fortaleza (Ceará state) on December 2008. The hermeneutic-dialectical method was used for discourse analysis, and three theme categories were defined: Knowledge about the surgery, Feelings and expectations surrounding mastectomy, and Removing the breast. It was found that women go through a stressful preoperative period, lack knowledge about the surgery, experience anxiety and fear of what they should expect, as well as feelings of panic and shock before their breast is removed. It is, therefore, observed that the health team caring for those patients has an important role in education and in providing emotional support so as to minimize the tragedy those women are experiencing.

[Therapeutic communication in perioperative care of mastectomy]. / Comunicação terapêutica no cuidado pré-operatório de mastectomia.

The authors report their experience as teacher-nurse for years in oncologic hospital with the aim of enabling reflection on the development of nursing therapeutic communication at the hospital preoperative unit for mastectomized women. It was found that the practice of therapeutic communication becomes a favorable practice, because establish the nurse-patient relationship, with patient producing his own care. Understanding the fragility of the patient at this stage, the nurse takes commitment to predefine the nursing care in partnership, in order to meet the patient needs, aiming to, mainly, the autonomy of care. In this way, the authors present a proposal for nursing managed care based on a mutual relationship, human and participatory care.

The Revised Champion's Health Belief Model Scale: Predictive Validity Among Brazilian Women.

Mammography screening is provided free of charge for the recommended target population in Brazil but participation rates have remained low, and breast cancer mortality has continued to increase. Thus, it is important to identify factors that are associated with poor participation in mammography screening so that service providers can target health promotion messages and screening programs more effectively. Objective: To evaluate the predictive validity of the Revised Champion's Health Belief Model scale (RCHBMS) for identifying women at high risk of not adhering to national guidelines for mammography screening in Brazil. Methods: We used a longitudinal survey design with a 1-year follow-up data from 194 women living in northeastern Brazil, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, participants completed the RCHBMS at baseline, and mammography uptake was measured 1 year later. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the predictive validity of the RCHBMS for identifying women who had not adhered to recommendations for mammography screening, after accounting for the women's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The sensitivity and specificity of various cut-off points were calculated to determine the optimal cut-off point for identifying women at high risk of not adhering to mammography screening guidelines. Results: Two subscales of the RCHBMS uniquely predicted nonadherence: susceptibility and barriers, along with race and family history of cancer. The total scale score (with barriers reverse coded) was also highly predictive. For our sample, using only the RCHBMS with a cutoff of ≤ 3.67 (out of a total possible range of 1-5) yielded a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting nonadherence. Conclusion: Study findings support the validity and clinical utility of the RCHBM for identifying women at risk of not adhering to national guidelines for mammography screening in Brazil.

Professional skills for health promotion in caring for tuberculosis patients.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the health promotion skills found in the speeches of health practitioners in care for TB patients. METHODS: qualitative study, developed with seven practitioners involved in care for TB patients, identified from a sociocentric approach, whose speeches were submitted to analysis based on the health promotion skills model in the Galway Consensus. RESULTS: there were four domains: Catalyzing change; Leadership; Planning; and Partnerships. These domains resulted from health education actions, contribution of management nursing practitioners, seeking to meet patients' needs and articulation of professional sectors. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: there were some skill domains in the speeches of health practitioners, with the nurse being quoted in the development of essential skills for health promotion activities, such as catalyzing change and leading care for TB patients.

Accuracy of the Defining Characteristics of the Sexual Dysfunction Nursing Diagnosis in Women with Breast Cancer.

PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of sexual dysfunction in women undergoing pharmacological treatment for breast cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional accuracy study with statistical analysis. FINDINGS: Alteration in sexual satisfaction was the defining characteristic with the highest sensitivity value, while perceived sexual limitation was the defining characteristic with the highest value for both sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived sexual limitation is a good clinical indicator to infer initial stages of sexual dysfunction and to confirm its presence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Accurate diagnostics allow devising an action plan directed to the patients' real needs, helping prescribe and deliver the appropriate nursing interventions.

Effects of COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy and Neonatal Prognosis: What Is the Evidence?

BACKGROUND: This study's aims are to assess the current evidence presented in the literature regarding the potential risks of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women and consequent fetal transmission. METHODS: a systematic literature review assessing papers published in the most comprehensive databases in the field of health intended to answer the question, "What are the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and what is the neonatal prognosis?" RESULTS: 49 papers published in 2020 were eligible, presenting low levels of evidence. A total of 755 pregnant women and 598 infants were assessed; more than half of pregnant women had C-sections (379/65%). Only 493 (82%) infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, nine (2%) of whom tested positive. There is, however, no evidence of vertical transmission based on what has been assessed so far, considering there are knowledge gaps concerning the care provided during and after delivery, as well as a lack of suitable biological samples for testing SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: We cannot rule out potential worsening of the clinical conditions of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, whether the infection is associated with comorbidities or not, due to the occurrence of respiratory disorders, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and acid-base imbalance, among others. We recommend relentless monitoring of all pregnant women in addition to testing them before delivery or the first contact with newborns.

Meditation effect on psychological stress level in women with breast cancer: a systematic review. / Efeito da meditação no nível de estresse psicológico de mulheres com neoplasia mamária: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of meditation on the psychological stress level of women with breast cancer. METHOD: A systematic literature review performed in the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 22 studies using Mindfulness, Transcendental Meditation, and Contemplative Self-Healing Meditation techniques. There was a significant effect of meditation on stress reduction, post-traumatic stress symptoms, self-reported stress, and chronic stress verified. In some studies, the effect was associated with decreased cortisol and increased telomerase. CONCLUSION: Meditation has shown positive effects in reducing physical and emotional symptoms such as psychological stress, depression, anxiety, fatigue, fear of recurrence and rumination, representing an efficient strategy for coping with the disease and improving quality of life.

Participating in a support group: experience lived by women with breast cancer.

The goal of the study was to understand the meaning of support groups in the life of women with breast cancer. It is a qualitative study with 30 mastectomized women who belonged to six support groups in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews, organized and analyzed based on the interactionism concept. The results characterized the support groups as a mechanism to cope with the situation and to overcome the suffering derived from the diagnosis and treatment of the breast carcinoma. The socialization of the experiences facilitated the search for assistance in the support groups, since sharing the problems with mastectomized women was a way to preserve a high self-esteem, have faith and overcome some difficulties. Participating in the group provided well-being and a differentiated care, since it was considered a way to know, accept and understand the disease and its cure, facilitating the socialization of ideas.

Assessment of the preparation and administration of oral medications to institutionalized children.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the preparation and administration of oral medications to institutionalized children by nursing professionals. METHOD: quantitative study, developed from August to September 2016, in a shelter in Fortaleza, Ceará. 323 observations of preparation and administration of oral drugs were carried out. Interview and non-participant direct observation of the process of drug administration were performed, whose data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of the 29 actions of preparation and administration of the drugs, ten were considered satisfactory. Sanitizing of hands before touching the pills occurred in only 5.2% of the observations and cleansing of the bottle for liquid drugs was performed in 23.8%. The actions "check the right child"; "checking medication with the prescription", and "check the right dose" obtained percentages below 15%. CONCLUSION: measures recommended by the literature for the administration of medication were not, in their clear majority, followed, making specific training and protocols necessary.

Social determinants of health related to adhesion to mammography screening.

OBJECTIVE: To identify proximal, intermediary and individual social determinants related to mammography adherence, according to the Social Determinants of Health model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead. Method: Correlational cross-sectional study, carried out with a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, translated and adapted for use in Brazil. Data analyzed by multiple linear regression, from the domains scale, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were used as predictors. RESULTS: The age group of 60-64 years (55.0%) was highlighted, 22 (55.0%) women had a stable partner; and 14 (65.0%) completed higher education. The domain with the greatest influence on adhesion to mammography was perceived barriers. CONCLUSION: The social determinants of health are directly related to the levels of adherence to the exam among women, as well as the perceived benefits, susceptibilities and barriers.

Factors associated with the time to treat breast cancer in the pandemic period: an observational study / Factores relacionados al tiempo para tratamiento del cáncer de la mama en período pandémico: estudio observacional / Fatores associados ao tempo para tratamento do câncer de mama em período pândemico: estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with the time to surgical treatment for breast cancer in patients seen at a reference mastology outpatient clinic in the State of Ceará. Methods: analytical, longitudinal study with medical charts from the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School. We used 140 medical charts of breast cancer patients with surgeries performed during the pandemic. Results: the study evidenced associations between schooling and shorter time to treatment in patients who underwent biopsy before the first outpatient visit (p = 0.026; OR: 0.16; CI = 0.03-0.85); in the group who had the biopsy performed by the outpatient clinic, was associated the type of tumor (p = 0.019) and neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.000). Conclusions: the lesser educational level, tumor type, and use of neoadjuvant therapy were factors associated with the time to treatment during the pandemic period.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los factores relacionados al tiempo para tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama en pacientes atendidas en ambulatorio de mastología de referencia en el estado de Ceará. Métodos: estudio analítico, longitudinal, realizado con prontuarios del Ambulatorio de Mastología de la Maternidad Escuela Assis Chateaubriand. Fueron utilizados 140 prontuarios de pacientes con cáncer de mama con cirugías realizadas durante el período pandémico. Resultados: el estudio evidenció relaciones entre la escolaridad y el menor tiempo para tratamiento en las pacientes que realizaron biopsia antes de la primera consulta ambulatoria (p = 0,026; OR: 0,16; IC = 0,03-0,85); en el grupo que realizó la biopsia por el ambulatorio, estuvieron relacionados el tipo de tumor (p = 0,019) y la neoadyuvancia (p = 0,000). Conclusiones: el menor nivel educacional, el tipo de tumor y la utilización de la neoadyuvancia fueron factores relacionados al tiempo para tratamiento durante el período pandémico.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados ao tempo para tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama em pacientes atendidas em ambulatório de mastologia de referência no estado do Ceará. Métodos: estudo analítico, longitudinal, realizado com prontuários do Ambulatório de Mastologia da Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand. Foram utilizados 140 prontuários de pacientes com câncer de mama com cirurgias realizadas durante o período pandêmico. Resultados: o estudo evidenciou associações entre a escolaridade e o menor tempo para tratamento nas pacientes que realizaram biópsia antes da primeira consulta ambulatorial (p = 0,026; OR: 0,16; IC = 0,03-0,85); no grupo que realizou a biópsia pelo ambulatório, estiveram associados o tipo de tumor (p = 0,019) e a neoadjuvância (p = 0,000). Conclusões: o menor nível educacional, o tipo de tumor e a utilização da neoadjuvância foram fatores associados ao tempo para tratamento durante o período pandêmico.

Associação entre características sociodemográficas e adesão à detecção precoce do câncer de mama / Association between sociodemographic characteristics and adherence to early detection of breast cancer

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e a realização das ações de detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Métodos estudo transversal, realizado em seis unidades de atenção primária à saúde, com 400 mulheres consideradas população-alvo para ações de detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Para análise inferencial foi utilizado o Teste de Qui-quadrado de Independência (2x2). Resultados a maioria das mulheres estava entre 60 e 64 anos, eram casadas, com baixa escolaridade, sem ocupação ou plano de saúde. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o estado civil e o intervalo entre a solicitação e a realização da mamografia (X 2 (1)= 208,185, p<0,001, Phi-coefficient = 0,902; Intervalo de Confiança: 0,0308-0,0928). Mulheres sem companheiro apresentaram prevalência 0,95 vezes maior de realizar mamografia. Conclusão houve associação da variável sociodemográfica estado civil com a realização da mamografia, em um intervalo menor de tempo, tendo como fator de proteção não possuir companheiro. Contribuições para a prática a elucidação de fatores que podem estar relacionados com a realização das ações para rastreio do câncer de mama pode sinalizar para os profissionais de saúde as pacientes que necessitam de uma maior vigilância no que concerne à presença de sinais e sintomas sugestivos do câncer de mama.

ABSTRACT Objective to verify the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the performance of actions for early detection of breast cancer. Methods a cross-sectional study was carried out in six primary health care units, with 400 women considered a target population for actions for early detection of breast cancer. The Chi-square test of independence (2x2) was used for inferential analysis. Results most women were between 60 and 64 years old, married, had low education and lacked an occupation or health insurance. A significant association was found between marital status and the interval between requesting and performing a mammogram (X 2 (1) = 208.185, p<0.001, Phi-coefficient= 0.902; Confidence Interval: 0.0308-0.0928). Women without a partner had a 0.95 times higher prevalence of having a mammogram. Conclusion there was an association between the sociodemographic variable marital status and the performance of mammography in a shorter period, and not having a partner was a protective factor. Contributions to practice the elucidation of factors related to the performance of actions for breast cancer screening can signal patients who need greater vigilance regarding the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of breast cancer.