Individual Differences in How Desirable People Think They Are as a Mate.

Mate value is an important concept in mate choice research although its operationalization and understanding are limited. Here, we reviewed and evaluated previously established conceptual and methodological approaches measuring mate value and presented original research using individual differences in how people view themselves as a face-valid proxy for mate value in long- and short-term contexts. In data from 41 nations (N = 3895, Mage = 24.71, 63% women, 47% single), we tested sex, age, and relationship status effects on self-perceived mate desirability, along with individual differences in the Dark Triad traits, life history strategies, peer-based comparison of desirability, and self-reported mating success. Both sexes indicated more short-term than long-term mate desirability; however, men reported more long-term mate desirability than women, whereas women reported more short-term mate desirability than men. Further, individuals who were in a committed relationship felt more desirable than those who were not. Concerning the cross-sectional stability of mate desirability across the lifespan, in men, short- and long-term desirability rose to the age of 40 and 50, respectively, and decreased afterward. In women, short-term desirability rose to the age of 38 and decreased afterward, whereas long-term desirability remained stable over time. Our results suggest that measuring long- and short-term self-perceived mate desirability reveals predictable correlates.

Willingness to get vaccinated with the first-generation vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE: To explore people's decision-making regarding whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID-19. METHODS: A purposive sample of people over the age of 18 who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 was studied. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews in focus groups and personal in-depth interviews. All interviews were conducted on the Zoom® platform and were recorded for subsequent verbatim transcription. Using a grounded theory approach, both open and axial coding of the narrative data were performed. RESULTS: Information saturation was reached after eight focus group meetings and 14 in-depth interviews (n = 55). Six principal themes emerged, with the fear of possible adverse side-effects and the worries generated by the speed of the development and commercialization of the vaccine amongst the main expressed anxieties. Social pressure to get vaccinated was a recurrent subject, as was the desire for clear and understandable information from reliable sources. CONCLUSIONS: The willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is determined by a complex series of interconnected factors that define an explanatory model, which has evolved concurrently with the development of the vaccines and the progress of the vaccination campaigns. This model will be useful for deciding social scenarios aimed at tackling this or future pandemics and for designing formulas that will increase the initial acceptance of these vaccines.

Research on missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Missed nursing care is defined as care that is delayed, partially completed, or not completed at all. The scenario created by the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced multifactorial determinants related to the care environment, nursing processes, internal processes, and decision-making processes, increasing missed nursing care. AIM: This scoping review aimed to establish the quantity and type of research undertaken on missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, two national and regional databases, two dissertations and theses databases, a gray literature database, two study registers, and a search engine from November 1, 2019, to March 23, 2023. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies carried out in all healthcare settings that examined missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Language restrictions were not applied. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers were resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer. RESULTS: We included 25 studies with different designs, the most common being acute care cross-sectional survey designs. Studies focused on determining the frequency and reasons for missed nursing care and its influence on nurses and organizational outcomes. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Missed nursing care studies during the COVID-19 pandemic were essentially nurses-based prevalence surveys. There is an urgent need to advance the design and development of longitudinal and intervention studies, as well as to broaden the focus of research beyond acute care. Further research is needed to determine the impact of missed nursing care on nursing-sensitive outcomes and from the patient's perspective.

Experimental and cross-cultural evidence that parenthood and parental care motives increase social conservatism.

Differences in attitudes on social issues such as abortion, immigration and sex are hugely divisive, and understanding their origins is among the most important tasks facing human behavioural sciences. Despite the clear psychological importance of parenthood and the motivation to provide care for children, researchers have only recently begun investigating their influence on social and political attitudes. Because socially conservative values ostensibly prioritize safety, stability and family values, we hypothesized that being more invested in parental care might make socially conservative policies more appealing. Studies 1 (preregistered; n = 376) and 2 (n = 1924) find novel evidence of conditional experimental effects of a parenthood prime, such that people who engaged strongly with a childcare manipulation showed an increase in social conservatism. Studies 3 (n = 2610, novel data from 10 countries) and 4 (n = 426 444, World Values Survey data) find evidence that both parenthood and parental care motivation are associated with increased social conservatism around the globe. Further, most of the positive association globally between age and social conservatism is accounted for by parenthood. These findings support the hypothesis that parenthood and parental care motivation increase social conservatism.

Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals-fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care-might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; M age  = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; M age  = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Quality of Life in People Affected by Diabetic Foot: A Psychometric Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: This psychometric systematic review aimed to identify the most suitable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of quality of life (QoL) in people affected by diabetic foot. METHODS: We performed a literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO (EBSCOhost) databases from inception to February 1, 2022. We also searched gray literature databases. Eligible studies were full-text reports developing a QoL condition-specific PROM or assessing one or more of its measurement properties in people affected by diabetic foot. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies independently using the "Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias" checklist. The measurement properties were evaluated using specific criteria. We graded the quality of the evidence using a "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" approach modified by Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments. RESULTS: Forty-three reports (46 studies) providing information on the measurement properties of 10 different PROMs were included. We did not identify any instruments that could be recommended for use. We identified 2 PROMs that were not recommended for use and 8 that were potentially recommended but would require further investigation. Of these 8 PROMs, 4 had better evidence for content validity. CONCLUSIONS: Available PROMs to measure QoL in people affected by diabetic foot have limited evidence for their measurement properties. There is no fully suitable PROM. Pending further evidence, 4 PROMs could potentially be recommended for use.

Jealousy Is Influenced by Sex of the Individual, Their Partner, and Their Rival.

Jealousy is an affective state activated by a perceived threat to a valued relationship by a third party. On average, males report higher distress about their partner's sexual extra-pair involvement, while females show higher emotional jealousy. These sex differences are specific to heterosexuals and to contexts with potential reproductive costs. We tested the effect of sex and sexual orientation of the individual, and sex of the partner and potential rival on sexual versus emotional jealousy. Sexual orientation was operationalized as a willingness to form long-term relationships with men, women, or both. Heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual males (N = 416) and females (N = 1328) from Brazil, Chile, and Portugal responded to the Sexual vs. Emotional Jealousy Scale and then ranked their distress to four hypothetical scenarios: sexual or emotional involvement of their partner with a male or a female rival. This is the first study to simultaneously test for an effect of self, partner, and rival sex on jealousy: bisexual individuals responded twice, about a hypothetical female and about a male partner. Individuals were most preoccupied with their partner's emotional relationship with a rival of the same sex as the respondent. Heterosexual males reported higher sexual jealousy than the other groups, but did not differ from bisexual men responding about female partners. Bisexual females were more upset by sexual extra-pair involvement of their female (versus male) partners with a male rival. Thus, jealousy was influenced by sex and sexual orientation of the individuals, sex of the partners, and also by sex of the rivals: same-sex rivals were perceived as most threatening. This suggests that besides being a strategy to maintain a primary relationship, jealousy is particularly sensitive to same-sex competitors, being an intra-sexual competition strategy.

Jealousy protest to a social rival compared to a nonsocial rival in Chilean infants 10-20 months' old.

Jealousy protests have been linked to the intrusion of social rivals challenging infants' exclusive access to maternal care and resources that typically accompany attachment. Previous studies revealed that the experimental presentation of social rivals evokes protest in as early as 6 months old infants. This study replicated research on jealousy protests in a novel language and sociocultural context with 10-20 months old infants. We compared protests of 45 children when their mothers attended to each of the rivals and controlled for attachment dimensions. As hypothesized, infants had a stronger jealousy protest to the social rival, and their response was associated with attachment avoidance. We concluded that our results contribute to evidence on jealousy protest as an evolutionary rooted phenomenon that favors the mother's attention in a social rivalry scenario over nonsocial stimuli. Attachment avoidance may be a precluding factor of jealousy when faced with a social rival scenario that deserves further research.

Combination of mifepristone and misoprostol vs misoprostol monotherapy for treatment of second-trimester pregnancy loss.

OBJECTIVE: Our main goal was to evaluate whether a treatment protocol based on the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for second-trimester foetal loss was more effective than misoprostol monotherapy. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional two-centre study of women receiving treatment for second-trimester pregnancy loss. Patients were recruited in two centres that used different treatment protocols: combined mifepristone-misoprostol treatment or misoprostol monotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 99 patients were included in the study: 41 in the mifepristone-misoprostol combined treatment group and 58 in the misoprostol monotherapy group. The combined treatment group had shorter times to expulsion and shorter hospitalisations, as well as higher rates of hospital discharge within 24 h and complete abortion within the first 6 h and 12 h. There were no differences regarding secondary effects and complication rates. CONCLUSION: A combination of mifepristone and misoprostol appears to be a feasible option for the treatment of second-trimester pregnancy loss.

Feasibility of a hybrid clinical trial for respiratory virus detection in toddlers during the influenza season.

BACKGROUND: Traditional clinical trials are conducted at investigator sites. Participants must visit healthcare facilities several times for the trial procedures. Decentralized clinical trials offer an interesting alternative. They use telemedicine and other technological solutions (apps, monitoring devices or web platforms) to decrease the number of visits to study sites, minimise the impact on daily routine, and decrease geographical barriers for participants. Not much information is available on the use of decentralization in randomized clinical trials with vaccines. METHODS: A hybrid clinical trial may be assisted by parental recording of symptoms using electronic log diaries in combination with home collected nasal swabs. During two influenza seasons, children aged 12 to 35 months with a history of recurrent acute respiratory infections were recruited in 12 primary health centers of the Valencia Region in Spain. Parents completed a symptom diary through an ad hoc mobile app that subsequently assessed whether it was an acute respiratory infection and requested collection of a nasal swab. Feasibility was measured using the percentage of returned electronic diaries and the validity of nasal swabs collected during the influenza season. Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Ninety-nine toddlers were enrolled. Parents completed 10,476 electronic diaries out of the 10,804 requested (97%). The mobile app detected 188 potential acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and requested a nasal swab. In 173 (92%) ARI episodes a swab was taken. 165 (95.4%) of these swabs were collected at home and 144 (87.3%) of them were considered valid for laboratory testing. Overall, 152 (81%) of the ARIs detected in the study had its corresponding valid sample collected. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid procedures used in this clinical trial with the influenza vaccine in toddlers were considered adequate, as we diagnosed most of the ARI cases on time, and had a valid swab in 81% of the cases. Hybrid clinical trials improve participant adherence to the study procedures and could improve recruitment and quality of life of the participants and the research team by decreasing the number of visits to the investigator site. This report emphasises that the conduct of hybrid CTs is a valid alternative to traditional CTs with vaccines. This hybrid CT achieved high adherence of participant to the study procedures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 2019-001186-33 (EudraCT).

[Health care for patients with multimorbidity. The perception of professionals]. / La atención sanitaria a pacientes con multimorbilidad. La percepción de los profesionales.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the perceptions of health professionals about the characteristics of health care for patients with multimorbidity. DESIGN: Qualitative study of phenomenological trajectory made between January and September 2015 through 3 group interviews and 15 individual interviews. LOCATION: Aragonese Health Service. PARTICIPANTS: Medical and nursing professionals of the Aragon Health Service belonging to various services: Internal Medicine, Primary Care, Emergency and Management. A pharmacist was also included. METHODS: A non-probabilistic intentional sampling was carried out that allowed for the selection of professionals in terms of discourse representation criteria, allowing to know and interpret the phenomenon studied in depth, in its different visions. We interviewed health professionals with different profiles who knew in depth the characteristics of care provided to patients with multimorbidity. The interviews were recorded, transcribed literally and interpreted, through the social analysis of the discourse. RESULTS: Professional culture oriented to individual pathologies, lack of coordination among professionals, high prevalence of multi-prescriptions, Clinical Practice Guidelines oriented to individual pathologies and specialist training focused on individual diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Both the professional culture and the organization of the healthcare system have been oriented towards the attention to individual pathologies, which results in the difficulty to offer a more integrated care to patients with multimorbidity.

Optimization of Diabetic Macular Edema Management in the Real World: A Model of Excellence in Retina Units: The EMUREX Initiative.

PURPOSE: To define and develop a model of excellence for the clinical management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients in a real-world setting. METHODS: A multidisciplinary joint commission (5 ophthalmologists, 1 nurse, and 1 pharmaceutic) established a series of preliminary recommendations based on clinical guidelines and DME activity results from 8 Pilot Hospitals (PH). These were validated by members of each PH and a group of DME patients in discussion workshops. Thus, the validated guideline (VG) took into consideration different aspects, namely, main core points (ranging 0-100), criteria, and indicators. Finally, each PH own setting was compared to the VG in order to settle down a starting point to clinical excellence. RESULTS: Mean PH score was 51.5 (range 30-65). As compared to their maximum, main points that showed best scores were Clinical Guidelines and Protocols (78%) and Portfolio of Services (73%). Topics reaching close to 50% scoring included Resources (55%), Innovation (54%), Care Process (53%), Organization (52%), and Leadership (50%). Lowest scores were observed in the Strategic Alliances (46%) and Staff (37%) points. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of each PH by the VG delivered a global vision of the starting situation, especially focused in the identification of the different improvement areas. In order to further extend this model into the Public Health System, the effect of implementing it in different hospitals should be assessed to analyze its impact on daily clinical practice and health economics.

[Adapting and validating a questionnaire to measure the self-care practices in healthy child population residing in Spain]. / Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado en población infantil sana residente en España.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Child and Adolescent Self-Care Performance Questionnaire (CASPQ) to the context of healthy children aged 8 to 12years residing in Spain and evaluate their metric properties. DESIGN: Validation study based on Classical Test Theory. LOCATION: Four schools participating in the Salut i Escola programme of a Primary Care Centre of Barcelona (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and ninety-eight elementary school students participated in the study during the first six months of 2016. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was carried out. Response process and factorial structure were evaluated and the relationships of the adapted questionnaire scores with those of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire were analysed. Likewise, internal consistency and reproducibility of the scores were evaluated. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-nine questionnaires were obtained. The confirmatory factor analysis of its theoretical structure showed a sufficient adjustment. A positive association was observed between the questionnaire scores and those of KIDSCREEN-27. The overall internal consistency was satisfactory; nevertheless, that of each factor was marginal or moderate. The reproducibility of the scores was optimal. CONCLUSIONS: The CASPQ adapted to the healthy child population of 8 to 12years old shows appropriate metric properties and similar to those of the original questionnaire. Therefore, it is a useful tool to assess self-care practices and plan interventions aimed at its promotion.

Microbially Mediated Release of As from Mekong Delta Peat Sediments.

Peat layers within alluvial sediments are considered effective arsenic (As) sinks under reducing conditions due to the binding of As(III) to thiol groups in natural organic matter (NOM) and the formation of As-bearing sulfide phases. However, their possible role as sources of As for anoxic groundwaters remains unexplored. Here, we perform laboratory experiments to provide evidence for the role of a sediment peat layer in releasing As. Our results show that the peat layer, deposited about 8,000 years ago in a paleomangrove environment in the nascent Mekong Delta, could be a source of As to porewater under reducing conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis of the peat confirmed that As was bound to NOM thiol groups and incorporated into pyrite. Nitrate was detected in peat layer porewater, and flow-through and batch experiments evidenced the release of As from NOM and pyrite in the presence of nitrate. Based on poisoning experiments, we propose that the microbially mediated oxidation of arsenic-rich pyrite and organic matter coupled to nitrate reduction releases arsenic from this peat. Although peat layers have been proposed as As sinks in earlier studies, we show here their potential to release depositional- and/or diagenetically-accumulated As.

Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine.

The growing use of antidepressants in recent years has led to their increasing presence in forensic analyses. In this work, microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection provided a fast method for determining the antidepressants mirtazapine, venlafaxine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline in human urine. The microextraction conditions (viz., type of sorbent, number of draw-eject extraction cycles or strokes, sample volume and pH, and type and volume of washing solution and eluent) were optimized by using an experimental design. The ensuing analytical method was validated in terms of linearity (25-1000 ng/mL urine), limit of detection (lower than 7.1 ng/mL), limit of quantification (25 ng/mL), precision (4.7-15.1% as relative standard deviation), and accuracy (80.4-126.1% as mean recovery for four replicate determinations). The proposed method allowed the six target antidepressants to be determined at concentrations from therapeutic to toxic levels. The application to small volumes (300 µL) of urine afforded fast extraction of the analytes and provided results on a par with those of existing clinical and forensic alternatives.

Usefulness of carotid ultrasonography in the assessment of coronary artery disease extension in patients undergoing exercise echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether carotid disease is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) extension in patients undergoing treadmill exercise stress echocardiography (EE). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 156 patients without previous vascular disease who underwent EE, carotid ultrasonography, and coronary angiography between 2002 and 2013. Low-, intermediate-, and high-risk EE were defined as negative, localized ischemia, and multivessel/extensive ischemia EE respectively; carotid disease according to Mannheim and American Society of Echocardiography Consensus and CAD extension from zero to three vessel disease as stenosis ≥50% by visual assessment. RESULTS: Of the 156 patients, 67 (42.9%), 43 (27.6%), 22 (14.1%), and 24 (15.4%) had zero, one, two, and three vessel disease respectively. Age (P = 0.047), male sex (P = 0.010), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.039), smoking habit (P = 0.015), fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.021), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (P = 0.003), pretest CAD probability (P = 0.003), high-risk EE (P < 0.001), and carotid plaque presence (CP) (P < 0.001) were associated in univariate analysis with more extensive CAD. Predictors of CAD extension in multivariate analysis were high-risk EE (odds ratio [OR] 2.42, P < 0.001), CP presence (OR 1.75, P = 0.004), and pretest CAD probability >65% (OR 1.49, P = 0.023). CP was also associated with multivessel CAD in the 53 patients with low- or intermediate-risk EE (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CP is associated with CAD extension in patients with ischemic heart disease suspicion undergoing EE. Patients with CP could benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic strategy regarding patients without carotid disease and similar risk EE, especially in intermediate- and/or low-risk test where guidelines recommend initially optimal medical treatment.

Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations.

People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen-neutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.

Usefulness of carotid ultrasonography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing exercise echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Relationship between carotid and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing invasive and non-invasive test is unclear. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether carotid disease is associated with CAD in patients submitted to exercise echocardiography (EE) and if it improves the EE ability to predict CAD. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 156 subjects without previous vascular disease who underwent EE, carotid ultrasonography and coronary angiography between 2002 and 2013. Positive EE was defined as exercise induced wall motion abnormalities, carotid disease according to Manheim and American Society of Echocardiography Consensus and significant CAD as stenosis ≥50%. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (57.1%) subjects had significant CAD. Factors associated with CAD in multivariate analysis were fasting plasma glucose (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, p = 0.031), pre-test probability of CAD > 65% (OR 3.71, p < 0.001), positive EE (OR 10.51, p < 0.001) and carotid plaque (CP) presence (OR 2.95, p = 0.013). There was neither statistical significant difference in area under the curve after addition of CP to EE results (0.77 versus 0.81, p = 0.525) nor sensitivity, specificity, predictive values or efficiency. CP presence reclassified as very high-risk according to Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 13 patients (34.2%) with negative EE and 22 (33.3%) without CAD. CONCLUSION: CP is associated with CAD in patients undergoing EE, however its addition to EE does not improve CAD prediction, probably due to insufficient statistical power. CP reclassified one third of patients to very high-risk category despite negative EE or CAD absence, these subjects benefit from aggressive primary prevention interventions.

Instruments to assess self-care among healthy children: A systematic review of measurement properties.

AIM: To identify, critically appraise and summarize the measurement properties of instruments to assess self-care in healthy children. BACKGROUND: Assessing self-care is a proper consideration for nursing practice and nursing research. No systematic review summarizes instruments of measurement validated in healthy children. DESIGN: Psychometric review in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) panel. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Open Grey were searched from their inception to December 2016. REVIEW METHODS: Validation studies with a healthy child population were included. Search was not restricted by language. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the COSMIN checklist. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the review assessing the measurement properties of ten instruments. There was a maximum of two studies per instrument. None of the studies evaluated the properties of test-retest reliability, measurement error, criterion validity and responsiveness. Internal consistency and structural validity were rated as "excellent" or "good" in four studies. Four studies were rated as "excellent" in content validity. Cross-cultural validity was rated as "poor" in the two studies (three instruments) which cultural adaptation was carried out. CONCLUSION: The evidence available does not allow firm conclusions about the instruments identified in terms of reliability and validity. Future research should focus on generate evidence about a wider range of measurement properties of these instruments using a rigorous methodology, as well as instrument testing on different countries and child population.

Wilkie´s syndrome.

We report the case of a 14 year-old woman, who presents epigastric abdominal pain, abundant vomits and an important abdominal distension. Previously, she presented similar episodes. She has not any significant prior medical history. CT is performed and the imaging findings are consistent with Wilkie´s syndrome. Wilkie´s syndrome is a rare condition, that results from a intestinal obstruction caused by third portion duodenal compression between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. When the angle between both structures diminishes and the distance between the SMA and the aorta decreases (the most diagnostic value), duodenal obstruction occurs. Initially conservative management is adopted, but in some cases surgical treatment is necessary. Multislice CT has demonstrated an excellent diagnostic value when this entity is suspected. It provides multiplanar reconstructions, which are useful to measure the distance and the aortomesenteric angle and to rule out other possible etiologies.