RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Distinguishing between kidney stones and phleboliths can constitute a diagnostic challenge in patients undergoing unenhanced low-dose CT (LDCT) for acute flank pain. We sought to investigate the accuracy of radiomics and a machine-learning classifier in differentiating between kidney stones and phleboliths on LDCT. METHODS: Radiomics features were extracted following a semi-automatic segmentation of kidney stones and phleboliths for two independent consecutive cohorts of patients undergoing LDCT for acute flank pain. Radiomics features from the first cohort of patients (n = 369) were ultimately used to train a machine-learning model designed to distinguish kidney stones (n = 211) from phleboliths (n = 201). Classification performance was assessed on the second independent cohort (i.e., testing set) (kidney stones n = 24; phleboliths n = 23) using positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), area under the receiver operating curves (AUC), and permutation testing. RESULTS: Our machine-learning classification model trained on radiomics features achieved an overall accuracy of 85.1% on the independent testing set, with an AUC of 0.902, PPV of 81.5%, and NPV of 90.0%. Classification accuracy was significantly better than chance on permutation testing (p < 0.05, permutation p value). CONCLUSION: Radiomics and machine learning enable accurate differentiation between kidney stones and phleboliths on LDCT in patients presenting with acute flank pain. KEY POINTS: ⢠Combining a machine-learning algorithm with radiomics features extracted for abdominopelvic calcification on LDCT offers a highly accurate method for discriminating phleboliths from kidney stones. ⢠Our radiomics and machine-learning model proved robust for CT acquisition and reconstruction protocol when tested in comparison with an external independent cohort of patients with acute flank pain. ⢠The high performance of the radiomics-based automatic classification model in differentiating phleboliths from kidney stones indicates its potential as a future diagnostic tool for equivocal abdominopelvic calcifications in the setting of suspected renal colic.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Litíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Aprendizado de Máquina , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Dor Aguda/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Dor no Flanco/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To compare 2 incompatible generations of iterative reconstructions from the same raw dataset based on automatic emphysema quantification and noise reduction: a hybrid algorithm called sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) versus a model-based algorithm called advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE).Raw datasets of 40 non-contrast thoracic computed tomography scanners obtained from a single acquisition on a SOMATOM Definition Flash unit (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim) were reconstructed with 3 levels of SAFIRE and ADMIRE algorithms resulting in a total of 240 datasets. Emphysema index (EI) and image noise were compared using repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis with a P valueâ<.05 considered statistically significant.EI and image noise were stable between both generations of IR when reconstructed with the same level (P ≥0.31 and P ≥0.06, respectively).SAFIRE and ADMIRE perform equally in terms of emphysema quantification and noise reduction.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Variância , Humanos , Razão Sinal-RuídoRESUMO
Hematospermia is a clinical symptom that raises anxiety in patients and has various causes, benign and malignant. We report a case of hematospermia for which appropriate multidisciplinary expertise favored a conservative management of a benign prostatic cyst, namely, a prostatic utricle cyst. A cystic lesion found by transrectal ultrasound in the context of hematospermia related to masturbation in a young virgin male patient was investigated with a high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an endorectal coil. The association of high-field MRI and endorectal coil leads to high quality images.