RESUMO
Proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain family are epigenetic readers that bind acetylated histones through their bromodomains to regulate gene transcription. Dual-bromodomain BET inhibitors (DbBi) that bind with similar affinities to the first (BD1) and second (BD2) bromodomains of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDt have displayed modest clinical activity in monotherapy cancer trials. A reduced number of thrombocytes in the blood (thrombocytopenia) as well as symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity are dose-limiting adverse events for some types of DbBi1-5. Given that similar haematological and gastrointestinal defects were observed after genetic silencing of Brd4 in mice6, the platelet and gastrointestinal toxicities may represent on-target activities associated with BET inhibition. The two individual bromodomains in BET family proteins may have distinct functions7-9 and different cellular phenotypes after pharmacological inhibition of one or both bromodomains have been reported10,11, suggesting that selectively targeting one of the bromodomains may result in a different efficacy and tolerability profile compared with DbBi. Available compounds that are selective to individual domains lack sufficient potency and the pharmacokinetics properties that are required for in vivo efficacy and tolerability assessment10-13. Here we carried out a medicinal chemistry campaign that led to the discovery of ABBV-744, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of the BD2 domain of BET family proteins with drug-like properties. In contrast to the broad range of cell growth inhibition induced by DbBi, the antiproliferative activity of ABBV-744 was largely, but not exclusively, restricted to cell lines of acute myeloid leukaemia and prostate cancer that expressed the full-length androgen receptor (AR). ABBV-744 retained robust activity in prostate cancer xenografts, and showed fewer platelet and gastrointestinal toxicities than the DbBi ABBV-07514. Analyses of RNA expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that ABBV-744 displaced BRD4 from AR-containing super-enhancers and inhibited AR-dependent transcription, with less impact on global transcription compared with ABBV-075. These results underscore the potential value of selectively targeting the BD2 domain of BET family proteins for cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/química , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Domínios Proteicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/toxicidade , Pirróis/efeitos adversos , Pirróis/toxicidade , Ratos , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The design and enzyme activities of a novel class of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles is presented.
Assuntos
Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/químicaRESUMO
Emerging clinical and pre-clinical data indicate that both insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) exhibit significant cross-talk in human cancers. Therefore, a small molecule that successfully inhibits the signaling of both classes of oncogenic kinases might provide an attractive agent for chemotherapeutic use. Herein, we disclose the structure activity relationships that led to the synthesis and biological characterization of 14, a novel small molecule inhibitor of both IGF-IR and members of the epidermal growth factor family of RTKs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Somatomedina/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Somatomedina/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dimerização , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Modelos Químicos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Pirimidinas/química , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/química , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
First and second generation total syntheses of mycolactones A and B are reported. The first generation total synthesis unambiguously confirmed our earlier assignment of the relative and absolute stereochemistry of mycolactones A and B. Knowledge of the chemical properties of the mycolactones accumulated through the first generation total synthesis allowed us to implement several major improvements to the original synthesis, including: (1) optimizing the choice of protecting groups, (2) eliminating the unnecessary adjustment of protecting groups, and (3) improving the overall stereoselectivity and synthetic efficiency. The second generation total synthesis consists of 21 longest linear steps, with 8.8% overall yield.
RESUMO
ABBV-075 is a potent and selective BET family bromodomain inhibitor that recently entered phase I clinical trials. Comprehensive preclinical characterization of ABBV-075 demonstrated broad activity across cell lines and tumor models, representing a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumor indications. In most cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors, ABBV-075 triggers prominent G1 cell-cycle arrest without extensive apoptosis. In this study, we show that ABBV-075 efficiently triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cells. Apoptosis induced by ABBV-075 was mediated in part by modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, exhibiting synergy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in preclinical models of AML. In germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, BCL-2 levels or venetoclax sensitivity predicted the apoptotic response to ABBV-075 treatment. In vivo combination studies uncovered surprising benefits of low doses of ABBV-075 coupled with bortezomib and azacitidine treatment, despite the lack of in vitro synergy between ABBV-075 and these agents. The in vitro/in vivo activities of ABBV-075 described here may serve as a useful reference to guide the development of ABBV-075 and other BET family inhibitors for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2976-89. ©2017 AACR.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Piridonas/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) is a novel target for cancer therapy. As part of an effort to discover orally active reversible inhibitors of MetAP2, a series of anthranilic acid sulfonamides with micromolar affinities for human MetAP2 were identified using affinity selection by mass spectrometry (ASMS) screening. These micromolar hits were rapidly improved to nanomolar leads on the basis of insights from protein crystallography; however, the compounds displayed extensive binding to human serum albumin and had limited activity in cellular assays. Modifications based on structural information on the binding of lead compounds to both MetAP2 and domain III of albumin allowed the identification of compounds with significant improvements in both parameters, which showed good cellular activity in both proliferation and methionine processing assays.
Assuntos
Aminopeptidases/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Metaloendopeptidases/química , Albumina Sérica/química , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , ortoaminobenzoatos/síntese química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Espectrometria de Massas , Metionina/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , ortoaminobenzoatos/química , ortoaminobenzoatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a BCL-2 family protein that has been implicated in the progression and survival of multiple tumor types. Herein we report a series of MCL-1 inhibitors that emanated from a high throughput screening (HTS) hit and progressed via iterative cycles of structure-guided design. Advanced compounds from this series exhibited subnanomolar affinity for MCL-1 and excellent selectivity over other BCL-2 family proteins as well as multiple kinases and GPCRs. In a MCL-1 dependent human tumor cell line, administration of compound 30b rapidly induced caspase activation with associated loss in cell viability. The small molecules described herein thus comprise effective tools for studying MCL-1 biology.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Bases de Dados Factuais , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Ligação Proteica , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
[structure: see text] The first total synthesis of the mycolactones is reported. This work unambiguously confirms our earlier relative and absolute stereochemical assignment of the mycolactones.
Assuntos
Lactonas/síntese química , Mycobacterium ulcerans/química , Indicadores e Reagentes , Lactonas/química , Macrolídeos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Conformação MolecularRESUMO
Stereocontrolled syntheses of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere and aminoalkyl epoxides for hydroxyethylamine isosteres are described. The stereochemistry of both stereogenic centers of the aminoalkyl epoxides 10 and 15 as well as the gamma-lactone 17 was assembled by our recently developed highly selective ester-derived titanium enolate aldol reactions. The Ti-enolate of 6 reacted with (benzyloxy)acetaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde to provide the syn-aldol product 7 and anti-aldol product 12, respectively. Removal of the chiral template followed by Curtius rearrangement of the resulting acid provided the desired amine functionality. The present syntheses represent practical and enantioselective entry to a range of other dipeptide isosteres, which are not limited to amino acid derived substituents.
RESUMO
Aldol reactions of bidentate aldehydes and cis-1-arylsulfonamido-2-indanyl ester derived titanium enolates proceed with excellent syn-diastereoselectivities and good to excellent isolated yields.
RESUMO
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and ErbB family of receptors are receptor tyrosine kinases that play important roles in cancer. Lack of response and resistance to therapies targeting ErbB receptors occur and are often associated with activation of the IGF-1R pathway. Combinations of agents that inhibit IGF-1R and ErbB receptors have been shown to synergistically block cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. To determine the mechanism by which targeting both IGF-1R and ErbB receptors causes synergistic effects on cell growth and survival, we investigated the effects of combinations of selective IGF-1R and ErbB kinase inhibitors on proliferative and apoptotic signaling. We identified A431 squamous cell carcinoma cells as most sensitive to combinations of ErbB and IGF-1R inhibitors. The inhibitor combinations resulted in not only blockade of A431 cell proliferation, but also induced apoptosis, which was not seen with either agent alone. Upon examining phosphorylation states and expression levels of proteins in the IGF-1R and ErbB signaling pathways, we found a correlation between the ability of combinations to inhibit proliferation and to decrease levels of phosphorylated Akt and cyclin D1. In addition, the massive cell death induced by combined IGF-1R/ErbB inhibition was associated with Mcl-1 reduction and Bax activation. Thus, targeting both IGF-1R and ErbB receptors simultaneously results in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through combined effects on Akt, cyclin D1, and Bax activation.
Assuntos
Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Oncogênicas v-erbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclina D , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Proteínas Oncogênicas v-erbB/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante Heterólogo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
We have screened molecules for inhibition of MetAP2 as a novel approach toward antiangiogenesis and anticancer therapy using affinity selection/mass spectrometry (ASMS) employing MetAP2 loaded with Mn(2+) as the active site metal. After a series of anthranilic acid sulfonamides with micromolar affinities was identified, chemistry efforts were initiated. The micromolar hits were quickly improved to potent nanomolar inhibitors by chemical modifications guided by insights from X-ray crystallography.
Assuntos
Aminopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Glicoproteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Manganês/química , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Metionil Aminopeptidases , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/químicaRESUMO
A review on cis-1-aminoindan-2-ol derived asymmetric syntheses is described.