External Validation of the Toulouse-Rangueil Predictive Model to Estimate Donor Renal Function After Living Donor Nephrectomy.

A predictive model to estimate post-donation glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and risk of CKD at 1-year was developed from a Toulouse-Rangueil cohort in 2017 and showed an excellent correlation to the observed 1-year post-donation eGFR. We retrospectively analyzed all living donor kidney transplants performed at a single center from 1998 to 2020. Observed eGFR using CKD-EPI formula at 1-year post-donation was compared to the predicted eGFR using the formula eGFR (CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m2) = 31.71+ (0.521 × preoperative eGFR) - (0.314 × age). 333 donors were evaluated. A good correlation (Pearson r = 0.67; p < 0.001) and concordance (Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement -21.41-26.47 mL/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001) between predicted and observed 1-year post-donation eGFR were observed. The area under the ROC curve showed a good discriminative ability of the formula in predicting observed CKD at 1-year post-donation (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78-0.88; p < 0.001) with optimal cutoff corresponding to a predicted eGFR of 65.25 mL/min/1.73 m2 in which the sensibility and specificity to predict CKD were respectively 77% and 75%. The model was successfully validated in our cohort, a different European population. It represents a simple and accurate tool to assist in evaluating potential donors.

Differential tissue accumulation in the invasive Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, under two environmentally relevant lanthanum concentrations.

Among the environmental emerging concern rare earth elements, lanthanum (La) is one of the most common and reactive. Lanthanum is widely used in numerous modern technologies and applications, and its intense usage results in increasing discharges into the environment, with potentially deleterious consequences to earthlings. Therefore, we exposed the important food resource and powerful monitoring tool Manila clam to two environmentally relevant concentrations of La (0.3 µg L-1 and 0.9 µg L-1) for 6 days, through water, to assess the bioaccumulation pattern in the gills, digestive gland, and remaining body. The La bioaccumulation was measured after 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 6 (T6) days of exposure. Lanthanum was bioaccumulated after 2 days, and the levels increased in all tissues in a dose-dependent manner. When exposed to 0.3 µg L-1, the enrichment factor pattern was gills > body > digestive gland. However, when exposed to 0.9 µg L-1, the pattern appears to change to gills > digestive gland > body. Tissue portioning appears to be linked with exposed concentration: In higher exposure levels, digestive gland seems to gain importance, probably associated with detoxification mechanisms. Here, we describe for the first time La bioaccumulation in these different tissues in a bivalve species. Future studies dealing with the bioaccumulation and availability of La should connect them with additional water parameters (such as temperature, pH, and major cations).

Warming enhances lanthanum accumulation and toxicity promoting cellular damage in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla).

Cumulative and continuing human emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are causing ocean warming. Rising temperature is a major threat to aquatic organisms and may affect physiological responses, such as acid-base balance, often compromising species fitness and survival. It is also expected that warming may influence the availability and toxicological effects of pollutants, including Rare Earth Elements. These are contaminants of environmental emerging concern with great economic interest. This group comprises yttrium, scandium and lanthanides, being Lanthanum (La) one of the most common. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is critically endangered and constitutes a delicacy in South East Asia and Europe, being subject to an increasing demand on a global scale. Considering the vulnerability of early life stages to contaminants, we exposed glass eels to 1.5 µg L-1 of La for five days, plus five days of depuration, under a present-day temperature and warming scenarios (△T = +4 °C). The aim of this study was to assess the bioaccumulation, elimination and specific biochemical enzymatic endpoints in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) tissues, under warming and La. Overall, our results showed that the accumulation and toxicity of La were enhanced with increasing temperature. The accumulation was higher in the viscera, followed by the head, and ultimately the body. Elimination was less effective under warming. Exposure to La did not impact acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, lipid peroxidation peaked after five days under the combined exposure of La and warming. The expression of heat shock proteins was majorly suppressed in glass eels exposed to La, at both tested temperatures. This result suggests that, when exposed to La, glass eels were unable to efficiently prevent cellular damage, with a particularly dramatic setup in a near-future scenario. Further studies are needed towards a better understanding of the effects of lanthanum in a changing world.

Ocean warming and acidification may challenge the riverward migration of glass eels.

The dramatic decline of European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) populations over recent decades has attracted considerable attention and concern. Furthermore, little is known about the sensitivity of the early stages of eels to projected future environmental change. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the potential combined effects of ocean warming (OW; Δ + 4°C; 18°C) and acidification (OA; Δ - 0.4 pH units) on the survival and migratory behaviour of A. anguilla glass eels, namely their preference towards riverine cues (freshwater and geosmin). Recently arrived individuals were exposed to isolated and combined OW and OA conditions for 100 days, adjusting for the salinity gradients associated with upstream migration. A two-choice test was used to investigate migratory activity and shifts in preference towards freshwater environments. While OW decreased survival and increased migratory activity, OA appears to hinder migratory response, reducing the preference for riverine cues. Our results suggest that future conditions could potentially favour an early settlement of glass eels, reducing the proportion of fully migratory individuals. Further research into the effects of climate change on eel migration and habitat selection is needed to implement efficient conservation plans for this critically endangered species.

Transgenerational exposure to ocean acidification induces biochemical distress in a keystone amphipod species (Gammarus locusta).

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are increasing at the fastest rate ever recorded, causing higher CO2 dissolution in the ocean, leading to a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Unless anthropogenic CO2 emissions are reduced, they are expected to reach ~900 ppm by the century's end, resulting in a 0.13-0.42 drop in the seawater pH levels. Since the transgenerational effects of high CO2 in marine organisms are still poorly understood at lower levels of biological organization (namely at the biochemical level), here we reared a key ecological relevant marine amphipod, Gammarus locusta, under control and high CO2 conditions for two generations. We measured several stress-related biochemical endpoints: i) oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage]; ii) protein repair and removal mechanisms [heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin (Ub)]; as well as iii) antioxidant responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST)] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The present results support the premise that exposure to high CO2 is expected to decrease survival rates in this species and cause within- and transgenerational oxidative damage. More specifically, the predicted upsurge of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species seemed to overwhelm the stimulated amphipod antioxidant machinery, which proved insufficient in circumventing protein damage within the parents. Additionally, negative effects of OA are potentially being inherited by the offspring, since the oxidative stress imposed in the parent's proteome appears to be restricting DNA repair mechanisms efficiency within the offspring's. Thus, we argue that a transgenerational exposure of G. locusta could further increase vulnerability to OA and may endanger the fitness and sustainability of natural populations.

Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure.

Climate change and chemical contamination are global environmental threats of growing concern for the scientific community and regulatory authorities. Yet, the impacts and interactions of both stressors (particularly ocean warming and emerging chemical contaminants) on physiological responses of marine organisms remain unclear and still require further understanding. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effects of warming (+ 5 °C) and accumulation of a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener (BDE-209, brominated flame retardant) through dietary exposure on energy budget of the juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus). Specifically, growth (G), routine metabolism (R), excretion (faecal, F and nitrogenous losses, U) and food consumption (C) were calculated to obtain the energy budget. The results demonstrated that the energy proportion spent for G dominated the mode of the energy allocation of juvenile white seabream (56.0-67.8%), especially under the combined effect of warming plus BDE-209 exposure. Under all treatments, the energy channelled for R varied around 26% and a much smaller percentage was channelled for excretion (F: 4.3-16.0% and U: 2.3-3.3%). An opposite trend to G was observed to F, where the highest percentage (16.0 ±â€¯0.9%) was found under control temperature and BDE-209 exposure via diet. In general, the parameters were significantly affected by increased temperature and flame retardant exposure, where higher levels occurred for: i) wet weight, relative growth rate, protein and ash contents under warming conditions, ii) only for O:N ratio under BDE-209 exposure via diet, and iii) for feed efficiency, ammonia excretion rate, routine metabolic rate and assimilation efficiency under the combination of both stressors. On the other hand, decreased viscerosomatic index was observed under warming and lower fat content was observed under the combined effect of both stressors. Overall, under future warming and chemical contamination conditions, fish energy budget was greatly affected, which may dictate negative cascading impacts at population and community levels. Further research combining other climate change stressors (e.g. acidification and hypoxia) and emerging chemical contaminants are needed to better understand and forecast such biological effects in a changing ocean.

Use of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody-Positive Donors in Kidney Transplantation.

Background The use of kidney donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been arising as a possibility to increase the donor pool. It encompasses both the use of donors with positive and negative viremia, particularly since the advent of direct antiviral agents that produce sustained virologic response. Methodology We conducted a retrospective observational study to describe the experience of our transplantation center in the use of HCV antibody-positive (HCV-Ab+) kidneys. Results We performed five transplants with HCV-Ab+ donors. The median age of kidney recipients was 63 (interquartile range (IQR) = 54-71) years, and 60% (n = 3) were males. Two recipients received a second transplant. The median dialysis vintage was 1,414 (IQR = 1,103-2,806) days. The induction immunosuppression protocol was basiliximab in most patients (60%, n = 3), and all received maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. One of the recipients had a personal history of cured HCV infection. Seroconversion occurred in half of the remaining patients, which was sustained during the follow-up. None of the patients developed HCV viremia. At the end of follow-up, mean creatinine and proteinuria were 1.45 ± 1.12 mg/dL and 0.099 ± 0.045 g/g, respectively. We did not observe any rejection episodes, need for dialysis, or recipient's death. Conclusions Our work aligns with the current literature that advocates that the use of these donors is safe and cost-effective and can be an effective strategy for expanding the donor pool and augmenting the transplantation volume. Seroconversion is a known risk whose mechanisms are not entirely understood, although it does not appear to be related to a higher transmission risk.

Vascular access type and mortality in elderly incident hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: The ideal vascular access type for elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients remains debatable. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between patterns of vascular access use within the first year of HD and mortality in elderly patients. METHODS: Single-center retrospective study of 99 incident HD patients aged≥80 years from January 2010 to May 2021. Patients were categorized according to their patterns of vascular access use within the first year of HD: central venous catheter (CVC) only, CVC to arteriovenous fistula (AVF), AVF to CVC, and AVF only. Baseline clinical data were compared among groups. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS: When compared with CVC to AVF, mortality risk was significantly higher among CVC only patients and similar to AVF only group [HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.32-2.51)]. Ischemic heart disease [HR 1.74 (95% CI 1.02-2.96)], lower levels of albumin [HR 2.16 (95% CI 1.28-3.64)] and hemoglobin [HR 4.10(95% CI 1.69-9.92)], and higher levels of c-reactive protein [HR 1.87(95% CI 1.11-3.14)] were also associated with increased mortality risk in our cohort, p<0.05. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that placement of an AVF during the early stages of dialysis was associated with lower mortality compared to persistent CVC use among elderly patients. AVF placement appears to have a positive impact on survival outcomes, even in those who started dialysis with a CVC.

Microplastic distribution in different tissues of small pelagic fish of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.

The accumulation of microplastics (MP) by marine species of ecological and commercial interest represents a major concern, particularly for those present in human diet. This study analysed the accumulation of MP in three species of coastal pelagic fish with high commercial value, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), collected along the Western coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The gastrointestinal tract (GT), gills and muscle were analysed and a total of 504 particles were observed. MP were found in all target tissues of the studied species. Horse mackerel exhibited significantly higher concentrations of microplastics in GT compared to other tissues. On the other hand, anchovies and sardines had significantly lower microplastic concentrations in their muscle tissue. The accumulation of microplastics in the gills showed a significant difference between species, with anchovy having significantly higher concentrations compared to horse mackerel. Horse mackerel had the highest percentage of individuals with microplastics in their GT (92 %), followed by sardine (75 %) and anchovy (50 %). Horse mackerel was also the species that registered the highest percentage of individuals with particles in the muscle (63 %), followed by anchovy (40 %) and finally sardine (39 %). MP in the gills of European sardines and anchovies were similar to those found in water samples. The majority of MP found measured <0.5 mm and were blue fibers. Furthermore, the presence of MP in the GT showed a weak and moderated significant negative correlation with the Fulton Condition Index in horse mackerel and European sardine. Our study confirms the ubiquitous extent of MP contamination in the ocean and provides baseline evidence of MP tissue distribution in three small pelagic fish species with distinct feeding behaviour, while correlating this with the presence of MP in water. Importantly, the results of this study contribute to improve the understanding of biological partitioning of MP in open sea fish species with high commercial relevance, and the potential deleterious effects of our increasingly MP contaminated world.

First evidence of microplastic ingestion in the ocean giant sunfish (Mola mola).

Mola mola is the largest teleost inhabiting our ocean and the presence of microplastics (MP) in this flagship species was, before this study, never described. Thus, this investigation focused on analysing MP ingestion in 53 ocean giant sunfish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. A total of 116 MP were found in 79% of the specimens, with a median of 1 MP.ind-1, ranging from 0 to 11 MP.ind-1. Seasonal differences were observed, with more fibers registered in specimens caught in autumn. Among the different size classes observed, the smallest category (<300 µm) was the most frequent (43%). Blue (43%) was the most prevalent color, followed by green (29%) and black (10%). The majority of fragments were styrene acrylic copolymer (53%), while most fibers were rayon (78%). These findings emphasize that the ocean sunfish population crossing the southern waters of Portugal is exposed to microplastic pollution and highlight the need for effective management policies to address plastic pollution in marine ecosystems.

Truly form-factor-free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices.

An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in a Patient with Homozygous CFHR3/CFHR1 Gene Deletion.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) affecting the kidneys. Compared with typical HUS due to an infection from shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, atypical HUS involves a genetic or acquired dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway. In the presence of a mutation in a complement gene, a second trigger is often necessary for the development of the disease. We report a case of a 54-year-old female, with a past medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis, who was admitted to the emergency service with general malaise and reduction in urine output, 5 days after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Laboratory results revealed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Given the clinical picture of TMA, plasma exchange (PEX) was immediately started, along with hemodialysis. Complementary laboratory workup for TMA excluded thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and secondary causes. Complement study revealed normal levels of factors H, B, and I, normal activity of the alternate pathway, and absence of anti-factor H antibodies. Genetic study of complement did not show pathogenic variants in the 12 genes analyzed, but revealed a deletion in gene CFHR3/CFHR1 in homozygosity. Our patient completed 10 sessions of PEX, followed by eculizumab, with both clinical and laboratorial improvement. Actually, given the short time lapse between vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the clinical manifestations, we believe that vaccine was the trigger for the presentation of aHUS in this particular case.

Thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-factor H autoantibodies.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication that may occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), adversely affecting the prognosis and increasing mortality. The pathogenesis of TMA in these patients may be multifactorial and overlap between different entities may exist. We present a case of a 24-year-old man, previously diagnosed with SLE, class IV lupus nephritis, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, who was admitted with acute kidney injury, severe pancytopenia, and other features consistent with lupus flare. A clinical TMA diagnosis was made and the patient was treated with plasmapheresis, rituximab and immunoglobulin endovenous (EV) infusions. Hemodialysis was initiated during hospitalization and, despite the hematological recovery, the patient remained dialysis dependent. The complementary study revealed high levels of anti-factor H (fH) autoantibodies with no pathogenic mutations on complement genes (namely CFHR1 and CFHR3). Initially, the most likely cause of TMA seemed to be secondary to SLE, but the presence of anti-fH antibodies in our patient may suggest a concomitant complement-mediated TMA.

Rare earth elements biomonitoring using the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Portuguese coast: Seasonal variations.

Increased Rare earth elements (REE) usage culminates in discharges into the environment. Mussels have been chosen as models in biomonitoring, hence, REE concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis from six locations on the Portuguese coast were accessed to determine natural concentrations and possible linkage to local ecosystem characteristics and temporal variations, by determining them in distinct seasons (autumn and spring). Samples from Porto Brandão (located on the south bank of the Tagus estuary) exhibited the highest REE concentrations, while mussels from Aljezur (the southernmost point on the Portuguese coast) exhibited the lowest, in both seasons. Overall, ∑REE concentration was greater in the spring. LREE enrichment relative to HREE occurs and a negative Ce and Eu anomaly was observed. This study constitutes the first assessment of REE composition on this model species in the Portuguese coast, in two distinct seasons and contributes to a better understanding of REE uptake for future biomonitoring studies.

Humoral response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients: A comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Maintenance dialysis patients (MDP) are at higher risk of exposure with increased mortality from COVID-19 with generalized immunization becoming the cornerstone in prevention. This study aims to compare humoral response between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational prospective study following HD and PD programs from a Portuguese Center receiving BNT162b2 vaccine. Specific anti-Spike IgG quantification to compare both for absolute value and non-responders (NR) between modalities and against risk factors. RESULTS: Of 67 MDP, 42 were HD and 25 PD patients. PD developed higher antibody titers after both first (median 5.44 vs. 0.99 AU/ml, p < 0.01) and second dose (median 170.43 vs. 65.81 AU/ml; p < 0.01). HD associated with NR after the first dose (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated improved humoral immunogenicity with BNT162b2 in PD compared to HD patients. These differences are attributed to comorbidity burden and age differences, rather than dialysis modality.

Lanthanum and Gadolinium availability in aquatic mediums: New insights to ecotoxicology and environmental studies.

Studies dealing with Rare Earth Elements (REE) ecotoxicological behavior are scattered and with potential conflicting results. Climate change impacts on aquatic biota and is known to modify contaminants toxicokinetic. Nevertheless, the current knowledge on the potential interactions between climate change and REE is virtually non-existent. Therefore, we focus our research on La and Gd as representatives of Light and Heavy REE that also are of great environmental concern. Experiments on different mediums (fresh-, brackish- and seawater) were designed to run at present-day and near-future conditions (T°=+4 °C, pH=△-0.4). Sampling was taken at different time scales from minutes to hours for one day. The main challenge was to evaluate the availability of La and Gd under environmental conditions closely related to climate changes scenarios. Furthermore, this study will contribute to the baseline knowledge by which future research towards understanding REE patterns and toxicity will build upon. Lanthanum and Gd behave differently with salinity. Temperature also affects the availability of dissolved La in freshwater. On the other hand, pH reduction causes the decrease of Gd in freshwater. In this medium, concentrations reduce sharply, presumably due to sorption processes or precipitates. In the brackish water experiment only the dissolved La levels in the Warming (T°=+4 °C) and Warming & Acidification (T°=+4 °C, pH=△0.4) diminished significantly through time. Dissolved La and Gd levels in seawater were relatively constant with time. The speciation of both elements is also of great relevance for ecotoxicological experiments. The trivalent free ions (La3+ and Gd3+) were the most common species in the trials. However, as ionic strength increases, the availability of other complexes rose, which should be subject of great attention for upcoming ecotoxicological studies.

Gadolinium ecotoxicity is enhanced in a warmer and acidified changing ocean as shown by the surf clam Spisula solida through a multibiomarker approach.

Humans have exhaustively combusted fossil fuels, and released pollutants into the environment, at continuously faster rates resulting in global average temperature increase and seawater pH decrease. Climate change is forecasted to exacerbate the effects of pollutants such as the emergent rare earth elements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of rising temperature (Δ = + 4 °C) and decreasing pH (Δ = - 0.4 pH units) on the bioaccumulation and elimination of gadolinium (Gd) in the bioindicator bivalve species Spisula solida (Surf clam). We exposed surf clams to 10 µg L-1 of GdCl3 for seven days, under warming, acidification, and their combination, followed by a depuration phase lasting for another 7 days and investigated the Gd bioaccumulation and oxidative stress-related responses after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure and the elimination phase. Gadolinium accumulated after just one day with values reaching the highest after 7 days. Gadolinium was not eliminated after 7 days, and elimination is further hampered under climate change scenarios. Warming and acidification, and their interaction did not significantly impact Gd concentration. However, there was a significant interaction on clam's biochemical response. The augmented total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation values show that the significant impacts of Gd on the oxidative stress response are enhanced under warming while the increased superoxide dismutase and catalase values demonstrate the combined impact of Gd, warming & acidification. Ultimately, lipid damage was greater in clams exposed to warming & Gd, which emphasizes the enhanced toxic effects of Gd in a changing ocean.

Single and combined ecotoxicological effects of ocean warming, acidification and lanthanum exposure on the surf clam (Spisula solida).

Lanthanum (La) is one of the most abundant emergent rare earth elements. Its release into the environment is enhanced by its use in various industrial applications. In the aquatic environment, emerging contaminants are one of the stressors with the ability to compromise the fitness of its inhabitants. Warming and acidification can also affect their resilience and are another consequence of the growing human footprint on the planet. However, from information gathered in the literature, a study on the effects of ocean warming, acidification, and their interaction with La was never carried out. To diminish this gap of knowledge, we explored the effects, combined and as single stressors, of ocean warming, acidification, and La (15 µg L-1) accumulation and elimination on the surf clam (Spisula solida). Specimens were exposed for 7 days and depurated for an additional 7-day period. Furthermore, a robust set of membrane-associated, protein, and antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic biomarkers (LPO, HSP, Ub, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, TAC) were quantified. Lanthanum was bioaccumulated after just one day of exposure, in both control and climate change scenarios. A 7-day depuration phase was insufficient to achieve control values and in a warming scenario, La elimination was more efficient. Biochemical response was triggered, as highlighted by enhanced SOD, CAT, GST, and TAC levels, however as lipoperoxidation was observed it was insufficient to detoxify La and avoid damage. The HSP was largely inhibited in La treatments combined with warming and acidification. Concomitantly, lipoperoxidation was highest in clams exposed to La, warming, and acidification combined. The results highlight the toxic effects of La on this bivalve species and its enhanced potential in a changing world.

Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva.

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frequent testing of populations. It is necessary to identify the most cost-effective strategies for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Nasopharyngeal samples have been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection but require a healthcare professional to collect the sample and cause discomfort and pain to the individual. Saliva has been suggested as an appropriate fluid for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We have investigated the possibility of using pools of saliva samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Two hundred and seventy-nine saliva samples were analyzed through RT-PCR of Envelope, Nucleocapsid and Open Reading Frame 1ab genes. Reproducibility assays showed an almost perfect agreement as well as high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (96.8%), positive predicted value (96.6%), and negative predicted value (96.8%). The average Cycle Threshold of the genes detected was 29.7. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected when comparing the cycle threshold average of two consecutive reactions on the same positive saliva samples. Saliva samples have a higher median viral load (32.6) than in nasopharyngeal samples (28.9), although no significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). Saliva-pool samples allowed effective SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a higher sensibility (96.9%) on 10-sample pools than in 20-sample pools (87.5%). Regardless of pools size specificity was high (99.9%) and an almost perfect agreement was observed. Our strategy was successfully applied in population wide testing of more than 2000 individuals, showing that it is possible to use pooled saliva as diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Smart textile lighting/display system with multifunctional fibre devices for large scale smart home and IoT applications.

Smart textiles consist of discrete devices fabricated from-or incorporated onto-fibres. Despite the tremendous progress in smart textiles for lighting/display applications, a large scale approach for a smart display system with integrated multifunctional devices in traditional textile platforms has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report the realisation of a fully operational 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system consisting of RGB fibrous LEDs coupled with multifunctional fibre devices that are capable of wireless power transmission, touch sensing, photodetection, environmental/biosignal monitoring, and energy storage. The smart textile display system exhibits full freedom of form factors, including flexibility, bendability, and rollability as a vivid RGB lighting/grey-level-controlled full colour display apparatus with embedded fibre devices that are configured to provide external stimuli detection. Our systematic design and integration strategies are transformational and provide the foundation for realising highly functional smart lighting/display textiles over large area for revolutionary applications on smart homes and internet of things (IoT).