Development of Low Glycemic Index Pancakes Formulated with Canary Seed (Phalaris Canariensis) Flour.

Consumers prefer food products that, in addition to nutritional properties, also have effects beneficial to health. Non-conventional food plants such as canary seed (Phalaris canariensis) constitute an alternative in the food industry due to nutritional properties, chemical, and bioactive potential. The aim of this research was to develop pancake formulations with the inclusion of canary seed flour to evaluate their proximate composition, overall score, taste and texture sensory acceptability, and glycemic index. Pancakes based on whole-wheat flour mixed with canary seed flour were developed at four substitution levels (control 0, 10, 30, and 50%). The formulations exhibited attractive nutritional properties, mainly due to the levels of protein (~ 8.7%), minerals (~ 5.1%), and total dietary fiber (4.7-5.9%). The overall score and taste showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the formulations. The flours with 10 and 30% showed high sensory acceptability with scores of 6.22 and 6.67 respect to 7-point hedonic scale, between the categories "I like it" and "I like it a lot". All formulations presented a low glycemic index (34-39%) that was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) as the level of substitution increased. The findings represent a new approach to the use of canary seed in the development of healthy food products.

[Clinical experience of using brentuximab-vedotin as therapy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma at Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile]. / Experiencia clínica de uso de Brentuximab-vedotin como terapia de linfoma de Hodgkin recaído o refractario en Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Hodgkin's lymphoma is a B-cell neoplasm with a good prognosis but a poor response to chemotherapy in refractory or relapsed cases. Brentuximab-vedotin is an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody approved for use in these cases. This study aims to describe the clinical experience of patients treated with brentuximab-vedotin through expanded access modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on clinical information of patients diagnosed with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with brentuximab-vedotin at the Regional Hospital of Concepción in the period 2015-2021. RESULTS: 7 patients were identified, 5/7 male, with a median age of 35 years (21-50). Five cases were mixed cellularity, and two were nodular sclerosis. Four were in stage II, 1/7 in stage III, and 3/7 in stage IV. The median number of previous treatment lines was 4 (3-5), and the relapse was post-transplantation in two cases. In 6/7 cases, brentuximab-vedotin was used as induction, and in one case, it was used as post-autologous bone marrow transplant maintenance. The administration was outpatient via a peripheral route with a median dose of 150 mg and ten cycles. In one case, dose adjustment was required due to toxicity. Three out of 6 patients achieved complete remission and underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: brentuximab-vedotin is an outpatient medication with low toxicity that can optimize the treatment of patients with relapsed-refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

[Clinical features of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic neoplasm in Chile: report of 10 cases]. / Características clínicas de neoplasia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides blásticas en Chile: reporte de 10 casos.

BACKGROUND: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare malignant tumor with a dismal prognosis, with isolated case reports in Chile. The BPDCN can present skin and bone marrow compromise, and its diagnosis is frequently confused with other pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunophenotypical features of BPDCN in the Chilean population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study from 2013 to 2021 in clinical records of 2 public Chilean referral hospitals, including ten patients, 80% male, with a median age of 66 years (15-81). RESULTS: The most frequent initial referral diagnoses were T-cell lymphoma (4/10) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (3/10). Seven patients presented skin and bone marrow involvement; we found a lower frequency of adenopathies (5/10), splenomegaly (2/10), and hepatomegaly (2/10). The complete blood count revealed anemia and leukopenia, with blasts in 5/10. Nine patients received induction therapy. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) was indicated in 8/10 cases with remission in 5/8, and 1 patient received HyerCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, methotrexate, cytarabine) and an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. The median survival was 10 months (95% CI 4.2-15.8 months) with 9/10 deaths. Relapse in the central nervous system was documented in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that BPDCN, a rare pathology in the Chilean population, shows a similar clinical presentation compared to previous studies. It is susceptible to respond to initial systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy.

Molecular characterization and antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics and copper nanoparticles against endodontic pathogens commonly related to health care-associated infections.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out molecular characterization and determine the antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) against endodontic strains isolated from persistent infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Root canal samples from 24 teeth in different patients with persistent endodontic infections were obtained. The isolated strains were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Genotyping was achieved by molecular methods. The antibacterial activity of antibiotics and copper nanostructures was determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetics assay was evaluated. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) were performed (p value <0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-one isolated strains were identified. Six isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were grouped into two clusters of three isolates each, two of which were clones. All were clarithromycin-resistant and erythromycin. Eight Pseudomonas putida presented two clusters, two Pseudomonas spp. were not clonal, and all were resistant to the tested antibiotics except tetracycline. Two of five strains of Cutibacterium acnes were clonal, and all were resistant only to metronidazole. The lowest MIC and MBC values were obtained with Cu-NPs. Time-kill kinetics using Cu-NPs showed a significant decrease in all tested species within 4 h and reached 100% in 2 h for C. acnes. CONCLUSION: In this study, in relation to health care-associated infections, endodontic strains of each species isolated at least in one patient were polyclonal. In Pseudomonas spp., at least one clone was shared between patients. E. faecalis and C. acnes strains were susceptible to low Cu-NP concentrations, while Pseudomonas spp. strains were resistant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Assessing and keeping track of the susceptibility of clinical strains to antimicrobial compounds is important for the clinical outcome. Based on our results, Cu-NPs could be an alternative for endodontic treatment, in order to avoid selection of resistant strains.

Flow cytometry-detected changes in megaloblastic anemia secondary to cobalamin deficiency.

Introduction: Megaloblastic anemias secondary to Vitamin B12 deficiency are a group of pathologies produced by defective nuclear DNA synthesis. Objective: To describe the maturation alterations found in hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow in a series of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Methods: Were included patients attended at the Regional Hospital of Concepción with bone marrow samples sent for the study of cytopenia by flow cytometry whose final diagnosis was megaloblastic anemia. The immunophenotype was performed with CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, markers of neutrophil (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) and/or erythroblast (CD105, CD71, CD36) maturation. Results: From the flow cytometry laboratory database, 8 patients with megaloblastic anemia were identified, and myelodysplastic syndromes (n=9) and normal or reactive bone marrow (n=10) were used as controls. 44% were men, with a median age of 58 years. Megaloblastic anemia was associated with a higher proportion of size and complexity of erythroid and myeloid progenitors compared to lymphocytes compared to controls. The total percentage of erythroblasts and the proportion of CD34+ myeloid cells associated with erythroid lineage was higher in megaloblastic anemia, associated with a maturation arrest in the CD105+ precursor stage (69% vs 19% and 23%, p<0.001). The heterogeneity of CD36 and CD71 in megaloblastic anemia was similar to myelodysplastic syndromes. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia produces a heterogeneous involvement of hematopoiesis, characterized by a greater size and cellular complexity of precursors of the neutrophil and erythroid series and a maturation arrest of the erythroblasts.

Introducción: Anemias megaloblásticas secundarias a la deficiencia de vitamina B12 son patologías producidas por una síntesis defectuosa del ADN nuclear. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones madurativas encontradas en precursores hematopoyéticos de la médula ósea de una serie de pacientes con anemia megaloblástica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Concepción con muestras de médula ósea enviadas para estudio de citopenias por citometría de flujo cuyo diagnóstico fue anemia megaloblástica. El inmunofenotipo se realizó con CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, marcadores de maduración de serie de neutrófilo (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) y/o eritroblasto (CD105, CD71, CD36). Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con anemia megaloblástica y como controles se utilizaron síndromes mielodisplásicos (n=9) y médula ósea normal o reactiva (n=10). El 44% eran hombres, con una mediana de edad de 58 años. La anemia megaloblástica se asoció con una mayor proporción de tamaño y complejidad de progenitores eritroides y mieloides con respecto de los linfocitos en comparación a los controles. El porcentaje total de eritroblastos y la proporción de células mieloides CD34+ comprometidas con el linaje eritroide fue mayor en anemia megaloblástica, asociado a una parada madurativa en la etapa de precursor CD105+ (69% vs 19% y 23%, p <0.001). La heterogeneidad de CD36 y CD71 en anemia megaloblástica fue similar a los síndromes mielodisplásicos. Conclusiones: la anemia megaloblástica produce una afectación heterogénea de la hematopoyesis, caracterizada por un mayor tamaño y complejidad celulares de precursores de la serie neutrófilo y eritroide y una detención madurativa de los eritroblastos.

Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, a Narrative Review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic non-communicable disease, with a prevalence of 25% worldwide. This pathology is a multifactorial illness, and is associated with different risks factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Beside these predisposing features, NAFLD has been related to changes in the microbiota, which favor the disease progression. In this context, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a new therapeutic target for the prophylaxis and treatment of NAFLD. This review describes the changes in the gut microbiota associated with NAFLD and the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the gut microbiota, liver damage, anthropometric parameters, blood lipids, inflammation markers and insulin resistance in these patients.

Experiencia clínica de uso de Brentuximab-vedotin como terapia de linfoma de Hodgkin recaído o refractario en Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile

Introducción: El linfoma de Hodgkin es una neoplasia de células B de buen pronóstico, pero con mala respuesta a quimioterapia en casos refractarios o recaídas. Brentuximab vedotin es un anticuerpo monoclonal antiCD30 aprobado para su uso en estos casos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia clínica de los pacientes tratados con brentuximab vedotin bajo la modalidad de acceso expandido. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo sobre información clínica de pacientes diagnosticados de linfoma de Hodgkin refractario o en recaída y tratados con brentuximab-vedotin en el Hospital Regional de Concepción en el período 2015-2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 7 pacientes, 5/7 de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 35 años (21-50). Cinco casos fueron celularidad mixta y 2 esclerosis nodular. Cuatro estaban en etapa II, 1/7 en etapa III y 3/7 en etapa IV. La mediana de líneas de tratamiento previas fue 4 (3-5) y en 2 casos la recaída fue postrasplante. En 6/7 casos se empleó como inducción y en un caso se empleó como mantención postransplante autólogo de médula ósea. La administración fue ambulatoria por vía periférica con una mediana de dosis 150 mg y 10 ciclos. En un caso se necesitó ajuste de dosis por toxicidad. Tres de 6 pacientes lograron remisión completa y fueron a trasplante autólogo de médula ósea. Conclusiones: brentuximab vedotin es un medicamento ambulatorio de baja toxicidad que puede optimizar el tratamiento de pacientes con linfoma de Hodgkin recaído-refractario.

Introduction: Hodgkin's lymphoma is a B-cell neoplasm with a good prognosis but a poor response to chemotherapy in refractory or relapsed cases. Brentuximab-vedotin is an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody approved for use in these cases. This study aims to describe the clinical experience of patients treated with brentuximab-vedotin through expanded access modality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on clinical information of patients diagnosed with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with brentuximab-vedotin at the Regional Hospital of Concepción in the period 2015-2021. Results: 7 patients were identified, 5/7 male, with a median age of 35 years (21-50). Five cases were mixed cellularity, and two were nodular sclerosis. Four were in stage II, 1/7 in stage III, and 3/7 in stage IV. The median number of previous treatment lines was 4 (3-5), and the relapse was post-transplantation in two cases. In 6/7 cases, brentuximab-vedotin was used as induction, and in one case, it was used as post-autologous bone marrow transplant maintenance. The administration was outpatient via a peripheral route with a median dose of 150 mg and ten cycles. In one case, dose adjustment was required due to toxicity. Three out of 6 patients achieved complete remission and underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. Conclusion: brentuximab-vedotin is an outpatient medication with low toxicity that can optimize the treatment of patients with relapsed-refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Características clínicas de neoplasia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides blásticas en Chile: reporte de 10 casos

Introducción: La neoplasia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides blásticas (NCDPB) es una hemopatía maligna poco frecuente y de mal pronóstico, con reportes de casos aislados en la realidad nacional. Produce compromiso cutáneo y de médula ósea y frecuentemente es confundida con otras patologías al diagnóstico. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las características clínicas de 10 pacientes diagnosticados en centros asistenciales chilenos. Material y Métodos: Se obtuvo en forma retrospectiva información clínica e inmunofenotípica de pacientes diagnosticados de NCDPB en los centros participantes en el periodo 2013-2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 10 pacientes, el 80% de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 66 años (15-81). Los diagnósticos iniciales de derivación más frecuentes fueron linfoma T (4/10) y leucemia aguda mieloblástica (3/10). La mayoría presentó afección cutánea (7/10) y compromiso de médula (7/10) y en menor frecuencia adenopatías, esplenomegalia y hepatomegalia. En el hemograma se observó anemia y leucopenia, con blastos en frotis en 5/10. Se indicó CHOP en 8/10 casos con remisión en 5/8 y en un caso HyperCVAD seguido de trasplante alogénico de médula ósea. La mediana de sobrevida fue de 10 meses (IC 95% 4,2-15,8 meses) con 9/10 fallecidos. Se documentó recaída en sistema nervioso central en 2 casos. Conclusiones: La NCDPB es una patología poco frecuente que se presenta en la realidad nacional de forma similar a lo descrito en la literatura. Es susceptible de responder a quimioterapia inicial asociada a terapia intratecal.

Background: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare malignant tumor with a dismal prognosis, with isolated case reports in Chile. The BPDCN can present skin and bone marrow compromise, and its diagnosis is frequently confused with other pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunophenotypical features of BPDCN in the Chilean population. Methods: We performed a retrospective study from 2013 to 2021 in clinical records of 2 public Chilean referral hospitals, including ten patients, 80% male, with a median age of 66 years (15-81). Results: The most frequent initial referral diagnoses were T-cell lymphoma (4/10) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (3/10). Seven patients presented skin and bone marrow involvement; we found a lower frequency of adenopathies (5/10), splenomegaly (2/10), and hepatomegaly (2/10). The complete blood count revealed anemia and leukopenia, with blasts in 5/10. Nine patients received induction therapy. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) was indicated in 8/10 cases with remission in 5/8, and 1 patient received HyerCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, methotrexate, cytarabine) and an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. The median survival was 10 months (95% CI 4.2-15.8 months) with 9/10 deaths. Relapse in the central nervous system was documented in 2 cases. Conclusions: Our study found that BPDCN, a rare pathology in the Chilean population, shows a similar clinical presentation compared to previous studies. It is susceptible to respond to initial systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy.

Flow cytometry-detected changes in megaloblastic anemia secondary to cobalamin deficiency

Introduction: Megaloblastic anemias secondary to Vitamin B12 deficiency are a group of pathologies produced by defective nuclear DNA synthesis. Objective: To describe the maturation alterations found in hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow in a series of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Methods: Were included patients attended at the Regional Hospital of Concepción with bone marrow samples sent for the study of cytopenia by flow cytometry whose final diagnosis was megaloblastic anemia. The immunophenotype was performed with CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, markers of neutrophil (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) and/or erythroblast (CD105, CD71, CD36) maturation. Results: From the flow cytometry laboratory database, 8 patients with megaloblastic anemia were identified, and myelodysplastic syndromes (n=9) and normal or reactive bone marrow (n=10) were used as controls. 44% were men, with a median age of 58 years. Megaloblastic anemia was associated with a higher proportion of size and complexity of erythroid and myeloid progenitors compared to lymphocytes compared to controls. The total percentage of erythroblasts and the proportion of CD34+ myeloid cells associated with erythroid lineage was higher in megaloblastic anemia, associated with a maturation arrest in the CD105+ precursor stage (69% vs 19% and 23%, p<0.001). The heterogeneity of CD36 and CD71 in megaloblastic anemia was similar to myelodysplastic syndromes. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia produces a heterogeneous involvement of hematopoiesis, characterized by a greater size and cellular complexity of precursors of the neutrophil and erythroid series and a maturation arrest of the erythroblasts.

Introducción: Anemias megaloblásticas secundarias a la deficiencia de vitamina B12 son patologías producidas por una síntesis defectuosa del ADN nuclear. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones madurativas encontradas en precursores hematopoyéticos de la médula ósea de una serie de pacientes con anemia megaloblástica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Concepción con muestras de médula ósea enviadas para estudio de citopenias por citometría de flujo cuyo diagnóstico fue anemia megaloblástica. El inmunofenotipo se realizó con CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, marcadores de maduración de serie de neutrófilo (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) y/o eritroblasto (CD105, CD71, CD36). Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con anemia megaloblástica y como controles se utilizaron síndromes mielodisplásicos (n=9) y médula ósea normal o reactiva (n=10). El 44% eran hombres, con una mediana de edad de 58 años. La anemia megaloblástica se asoció con una mayor proporción de tamaño y complejidad de progenitores eritroides y mieloides con respecto de los linfocitos en comparación a los controles. El porcentaje total de eritroblastos y la proporción de células mieloides CD34+ comprometidas con el linaje eritroide fue mayor en anemia megaloblástica, asociado a una parada madurativa en la etapa de precursor CD105+ (69% vs 19% y 23%, p <0.001). La heterogeneidad de CD36 y CD71 en anemia megaloblástica fue similar a los síndromes mielodisplásicos. Conclusiones: la anemia megaloblástica produce una afectación heterogénea de la hematopoyesis, caracterizada por un mayor tamaño y complejidad celulares de precursores de la serie neutrófilo y eritroide y una detención madurativa de los eritroblastos.

Índice de Higiene Oral en los Escolares de 12 años de la Parroquia Checa en el Cantón Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay - Ecuador, 2016 / Oral hygiene index in 12-year-old schoolchildren of the Checa parish in Canton Cuenca, Province of Azuay, Ecuador, 2016

Objetivo: Determinar el Índice de Higiene Oral en escolares de 12 años, de la Parroquia Checa del Cantón Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay ­ Ecuador, 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la técnica empleada para determinar el estado del perfil epidemiológico fue observacional. Los indicadores se lograron obtener por una encuesta estructurada. Resultados: De los 109 escolares de 12 años encuestados se observó un ligero predominio del sexo femenino (58%) sobre el sexo masculino (42%). Además, se determinó que el 47,7% presenta una buena higiene oral, el 36,7% una higiene oral excelente, el 14,7% una higiene oral regular y el 0,9% una mala higiene oral, dando como resultado que más de la mitad de los escolares presentan un IHO bueno y excelente. Conclusión: Existe un mayor número de escolares con higiene oral buena sin encontrar variación significativa en cuanto al sexo masculino con el femenino.

Objective: To determine the Oral Hygiene Index in schoolchildren aged 12,from the Checa parish of Canton Cuenca, Province of Azuay, Ecuador, 2016. Materials and methods: Descriptive crosssectional study; the observational technique was applied to determinethe state of the epidemiological profile. The indicators were obtained through astructured survey. Results: In the 109 schoolchildren surveyed, there was as light predominance of females (58%) over males (42%). In addition, 47.7% presented good oral hygiene, 36.7% excellent oral hygiene, 14.7% regular oralhygiene and 0.9% poor oral hygiene, therefore, over half the students presenta good or excellent OHI. Conclusion: Most schoolchildren have good oral hygiene, and there are no significant variations in terms of sex.

Objetivo: Determinar o Índice de Higiene Oral em escolares de 12 anos, da Vila Checa do cidade de Cuenca, Estado de Azuay- Equador, 2016. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal; A técnica utilizada para determinar o status do perfil epidemiológico foi observacional. Os indicadores foram obtidos por meio de uma pesquisa estruturada. Resultados: Dos 109 escolares de 12 anos pesquisados, observouse discreto predomínio do sexo feminino (58%) em relação ao sexo masculino (42%). Além disso, determinou-se que 47,7% apresentavam boa higiene bucal, 36,7% excelente higiene bucal, 14,7% higiene bucal regular e 0,9% má higiene bucal, resultando em mais da metade dos estudantes apresentam um bom e excelente IHO.Conclusão: Existe um número maior de escolares com boa higiene bucal sem encontrar variação significativa no sexo masculino com o feminino.

Tratamiento temprano de alteraciones orofaciales con fisioterapia y placa palatina en niños con síndrome de Down / Early treatment of orofacial alterations with physical therapy and palatal plate in children with Down syndrome

El Síndrome de Down (SD) o trisomía 21, es la anomalía congénita autosómica más frecuente cuya prevalencia mundial es de 10/10.000, en Chile de 2,5/1.000 nacidos vivos. Por trastornos de crecimiento, desarrollo e hipotonía muscular, las personas con SD presentan boca abierta con gran salivación, labio inferior evertido, elevación del labio superior en inactividad y descenso del ángulo de la boca. Objetivo: Evaluar la literatura sobre el tratamiento temprano de alteraciones orofaciales en niños con SD para prevenirlas o minimizarlas. Método: Búsqueda en base de datos PubMed y Scielo, sin discriminar año de publicación, idioma: inglés-español, seleccionando 26 artículos. Resultados: Existen cambios positivos en la función motora orofacial, observando mayores cambios en los casos más severos. Conclusiones: Un niño con SD se beneficia del tratamiento temprano, pero faltan estudios comparables en cuanto a duración, edad y tipo de terapia.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is the most frequent autosomal congenital anomaly, with a worldwide prevalence of 10/10,000; in Chile, the prevalence is 2.5/1,000 live births. People with DS present an open mouth with increased salivation, an everted lower lip, elevated and inactive upper lip, and lowering of the angle of the mouth on account of growth and development disorders, and muscular hypotonia. Objective: To evaluate the literature on the early treatment of orofacial alterations in children with DS to prevent or minimize them. Method: Search in PubMed and Scielo databases, regardless of the year of publication or language; 26 articles were selected. Results: There are positive effects on the orofacial motor function, observing significant changes in the most severe cases. Conclusions: A child with DS can benefit from early treatment, but there are insufficient comparable studies in terms of duration, age and type of therapy

A síndrome de Down (SD) ou a trissomia do cromossomo 21, é a anomalia congênita autossômica mais frequente, com prevalência global de 1 / 1.000, no Chile de 2.5 / 1.000 nascidos vivos. Devido aos distúrbios de crescimento, desenvolvimento e hipotonia muscular, as pessoas com SD apresentam boca aberta com grande salivação, lábio inferior evertido, elevação do lábio superior inativo e ângulo da boca mais baixo. Objetivo: Avaliar a literatura sobre o tratamento precoce dos distúrbios orofaciais em crianças com SD para prevenilas ou minimizá-las. Método: Pesquisa na base de dados PubMed e Scielo, sem discriminar ano de publicação, idioma: inglês-espanhol, selecionando 26 artigos. Resultados: Existem mudanças positivas na função motora orofacial, observando-se grandes alterações nos casos mais graves. Conclusões: Uma criança com SD se beneficia do tratamento precoce, mas faltam estudos comparáveis em termos de duração, idade e tipo de terapia.

Rol de los Probióticos como Bacterioterapia en Odontología. Revisión de la Literatura / Role of probiotics as bacteriotherapy in dentistry: a literature review

Según la OMS/FAO probióticos son "microorganismos vivos que administrados en cantidades adecuadas confieren un beneficio para la salud del huésped." El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el beneficio de los probióticos en la prevención de enfermedades bucales. Se realizó una búsqueda de los últimos 5 años en Web Of Science, PubMed y Scielo. Obtuvimos como resultado que los probióticos son capaces de producir antimicrobianos, competir por sitios de adhesión celular, modular el sistema inmunológico y degradar toxinas; generando en la comunidad odontológica estudios con enfoque en: reducción de la incidencia de caries, mejorar el pronóstico de periodontitis y disminución de halitosis y candidiasis. Los probióticos pueden ser un valioso complemento para la prevención de enfermedades bucales. Sin embargo, aún existen dudas sobre cuál es la mejor cepa bacteriana, dosis y momento de administración, por lo cual se requieren estudios longitudinales futuros

According to WHO and FAO, probiotics are "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host". The aim of this paper is to describe the beneficial effects of probiotics on oral disease prevention. The search included the last five years in the Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO. Results showed that probiotics can produce antimicrobials, compete for cell adhesion sites, modulate the immune system and degrade toxins. This has led to dental studies that focus on reducing caries incidence, improving the prognosis of periodontitis and decreasing halitosis and candidiasis. Probiotics may be a valuable adjunct for the prevention of oral diseases. However, there are still doubts about which are the best bacterial strain, dose and timing of administration. Therefore, future longitudinal studies are required.

Índice de higiene oral simplificado en escolares de 6 años de edad, Ecuador, 2016

Introducción: La salud bucal tiene una relación dinámica con la salud general y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo del estudio realizado fue determinar el índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado en niños de 6 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca, en el año 2016. Métodos: Se manejó una muestra de 51 escolares de ambos sexos, se utilizó el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado de Greene y Vermillion aplicado en dentición decidua que consta de un índice de placa blanda y el índice de placa calcificada. Conclusiones: La media de IHO-S en la parroquia Chiquintad fue 0,458 sin presentar una diferencia significativa entre los sexos. El nivel de higiene oral fue bueno en ambos sexos (90%), no se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (valor p 0,389).

Introduction: Oral health has a dynamic relationship with the general health and quality of life of patients. Objective: of the study was to determine the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in 6-year-old children of the Chiquintad of the Cantón Cuenca, in the year 2016. Methods: A sample of 51 schoolchildren of both sexes was used, the Hygiene Index was used Simplified oral of Greene and Vermillion applied in deciduous dentition consisting of a soft plaque index and calcified plaque index. Conclusions: The mean of IHO-S in the Chiquintad parish was 0.458 without presenting a significant difference between the sexes. The level of oral hygiene was good in both sexes (90%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p value 0.389).