Evaluation of vitamin D receptor expression in uterine leiomyoma and nonneoplastic myometrial tissue: a cross-sectional controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Uterine myomas are the most frequent benign solid pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age. At present, uterine myomas are the most common indication for hysterectomy because of the morbidity they cause, including intense bleeding, compression of adjacent organs, pain, and infertility. Some studies show that vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is correlated with the etiology of uterine leiomyomas. This study aimed to assess the expression of VDR in uterine leiomyoma and nonneoplastic myometrial tissue. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study involving 40 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy the Department of Gynecology of the Getúlio Vargas Hospital of Federal University of Piauí, Brazil, was performed to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VDR in samples of uterine leiomyoma tissue with adjacent nonneoplastic myometrial tissue. The mean percetages of stained nuclei in the two groups was compared by Student's t teste, with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The percentage of cells with nuclei stained by anti-VDR in the myometrial and leiomyoma tissue was 79.52 % (± 4.32) and 60.22 % (± 7.24), respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The mean percentage of nuclei expressing VDR was significantly lower in the uterine leiomyoma than in nonneoplastic myometrial tissue.

Use of the Patent Blue and Air in the Preoperative Marking of Impalpable Breast Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to analyze the applicability of the patent blue dye and air in the preoperative marking of impalpable mammary lesions with indication of surgical resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed. We selected 49 patients with detection of impalpable lesions on a breast mammography or breast ultrasonography. The patients received the dye injection as close to their surgery time as possible. The criteria analyzed included: 1) complete marking and identification of the lesion; 2) complete removal of the lesion; 3) in cases of malignant lesions, presence of free margins for successful surgery; 4) occurrence of allergic events; 5) necessity of reoperation; and 6) difficulty in locating lesions. RESULTS: All lesions were marked, and they were successfully excised. In cases of malignancy, free margins were obtained in 100% of the cases. There were no allergic events or reoperations. Only 8.9% of the lesions were difficult to locate. CONCLUSION: The marking with patent blue and air is an effective alternative for the labeling of impalpable breast lesions, and it has satisfactory surgical oncology results. All lesions were resected, 91.1% of them were performed with no difficulties, and free margins were obtained in 100% of cases of malignancy.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome with Ureteric Remnant Abscess Managed Laparoscopically: A Case Report.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is part of a spectrum of Müllerian duct anomalies that occur during embryonic development. The syndrome is characterized by uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Only few cases of this disease were reported worldwide. We present a 23-year-old female patient with chronic pelvic pain for years. The patient was diagnosed with HWW syndrome with a history of hematocolpos and vaginoplasty at the age of 12. Five months later, she sought urgent medical care due to intense pain, and a clinical picture suggestive of peritoneal irritation. Clinical condition deteriorated and the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, which failed to identify anything to justify the abdominal pain. Uroculture and blood culture were negative. A magnetic resonance imaging showed a tube-shaped formations extending from the right retrovesical region to the mesogastrium corresponding to the persistence of the mesonephric duct, related to ipsilateral renal agenesis. The patient underwent laparoscopic procedure, identifying a right ureteric remnant blind ending, with distal and proximal obliteration, filled with purulent secretion, which was totally resected. This case differs from the other reported cases due to pelvic pain secondary to infection and abscess in ureteric remnant. We did not find any case with similar clinical presentation.

Retromammary fat, axillary and arm metastases from a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: report of a case with an indolent behaviour.

Leiomyosarcomas are sarcomas that originate within smooth muscle cells and generally occur in older patients. These tumours account for 10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Metastases occur most commonly to the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Cutaneous metastases may also occur but are usually a very rare and late event. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman who developed subcutaneous metastasis to the axilla, arm and breast after surgical resection of the primary tumour. The patient maintained controlled disease with surgical resections and clinical follow-up, initiating chemotherapy one year after the diagnosis of metastatic disease.

Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva: A rare presentation of a common disease / Carcinoma de células basales de la vulva: una presentación rara de una enfermedad común

Abstract Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy, representing 75 % of non-melanoma skin cancers. BCC of the vulva is a very rare disease, accounting for only 2 to 3% of vulvar malignancies and less than 1% of all BCC. In the majority of cases occurs in postmenopausal women and usually presents as an asymptomatic lesion. However, itching, pain, bleeding and a sensation of a lump may occur. Clinical case We present the case of a 82-year old patient with a BCC located in the vulva. On physical examination, the patient had a lesion with elevated borders and central ulceration on the vulva, near the right side of the clitoris, measuring 2x2 cm, without any suspicious inguinal lymph nodes on physical examination and ultrasonography of the inguinal region. Excision of the lesion with safety margins was performed. She remains asymptomatic without signs of local recurrence or metastases 24 months after surgery. Conclusion El BCC por lo general ocurre en mujeres mayores y generalmente se presenta como una lesión asintomática. el examen físico y la biopsia son esenciales para el diagnóstico. La cirugía con márgenes libres es el tratamiento de elección. Aunque tiene un buen pronóstico, las recurrencias locales son comunes.

Resumen Antecedentes: El carcinoma de células basales es la neoplasia maligna más común de la piel, representa 75% de los cánceres de piel no melanoma. El carcinoma de células basales de la vulva es muy raro: representa de 2 a 3% de las neoplasias malignas de la vulva y menos de 1% de todos los carcinomas de células basales. En la mayoría de los casos ocurre en mujeres posmenopáusicas y casi siempre se manifiesta como una lesión asintomática, aunque puede causar picazón, dolor, sangrado y la sensación de un nudo. Caso clínico: Paciente de 82 años, con carcinoma de células basales de localización vulvar. En el examen físico se encontró una lesión con bordes elevados y ulceración central en la vulva, cerca del lado derecho del clítoris, de 2 x 2 cm, sin ganglios linfáticos inguinales sospechosos en el examen físico ni en la ecografía de la región inguinal. Se realizó la escisión de la lesión con márgenes de seguridad. Veinticuatro meses después de la cirugía la paciente permanece asintomática, sin signos de recurrencia local o metástasis. Conclusión: El carcinoma de células basales suele aparecer en mujeres mayores y generalmente se presenta como una lesión asintomática; el examen físico y la biopsia son esenciales para el diagnóstico. La cirugía con márgenes libres es el tratamiento de elección. Aunque tiene un buen pronóstico, las recurrencias locales son comunes.