Diet quality is associated with leisure-time physical activity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether diet quality was associated with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and television viewing and the associations of these variables with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and novel biomarkers in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: A total of 193 prediabetic adults (63.7% women, mean age 54.1 years), screened for a diabetes prevention program in Brazil, participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical data and blood samples were collected for several determinations. Twenty-four-hour recalls were used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted to Brazilian dietary habits and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess physical activity level. Analysis of covariance with adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI) was employed to test associations across categories of LTPA and television viewing. RESULTS: Stratifying according to LTPA categories, the most active subset (≥150 minutes/week) showed better HEI scores after adjustments (64.6 ± 11.0, 65.1 ± 10.3, and 68.6 ± 10.8, p = 0.02) and significant higher values of dark green and orange vegetables but not of whole grains (p = 0.06). Active individuals had lower BMI, waist circumference, inflammatory markers, and better insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). Individuals at the highest category of television viewing had higher age-adjusted BMI (32.0 ± 6.2, 30.7 ± 6.0, and 28.8 ± 4.7 hours/week; p = 0.01) than the others. Time watching television was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP; p < 0.01) after adjustments but not with lipids and HEI score. Comparisons of individuals with healthy habits (better diet and higher physical activity [PA]), with those with unhealthy habits revealing better anthropometric and cardiometabolic profiles in the former group. CONCLUSION: Diet quality assessed by the HEI adapted for Brazilian eating habits attained significance in differentiating more active from inactive at-risk individuals during leisure time. Time watching television, as a surrogate of sedentary behavior, is not useful to detect unhealthy diet quality. LTPA is indicative of better cardiometabolic profile reflected by lipid and inflammatory markers and index of insulin resistance.

The e-NutriHS: a web-based system for a Brazilian cohort study.

The e-NutriHS is a web-based system developed to gather online information on health of a cohort of college students and graduates in nutrition. It consists of six validated and internationally recognized questionnaires regarding demographic and socioeconomic data, dietary habits, physical activity level, alcohol and tobacco use, anti-fat attitudes and personal and family histories. Our software and respective database is hosted in the School of Public Health server and is based on free programming languages. An e-NutriHS prototype was created preceding online deployment. An improved version of the website was released based on 20 volunteers' opinions. A total of 503 users were registered. Considering that web-based systems produce reliable data, are easy to use, less costly and are less time-consuming, we conclude that our experience deserves to be shared, particularly with middle income economy countries.

Assessment of leisure-time physical activity for the prediction of inflammatory status and cardiometabolic profile.

OBJECTIVES: Associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), commuting and total physical activity with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and metabolic profile in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk were investigated. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 193 prediabetic adults were compared according to physical activity levels measured by the international physical activity questionnaire; p for trend and logistic regression was employed. RESULTS: The most active subset showed lower BMI and abdominal circumference, reaching significance only for LTPA (p for trend=0.02). Lipid profile improved with increased physical activity levels. Interleukin-6 decreased with increased total physical activity and LTPA (p for trend=0.02 and 0.03, respectively), while adiponectin increased in more active subsets for LTPA (p for trend=0.03). Elevation in adjusted OR for hypercholesterolemia was significant for lower LTPA durations (p for trend=0.04). High apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio was inversely associated with LTPA, commuting and total physical activity. Increase in adjusted OR for insulin resistance was found from the highest to the lowest category of LTPA (p for trend=0.04) but significance disappeared after adjustments for BMI and energy intake. No association of increased C-reactive protein with physical activity domains was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the associations of LTPA, but not commuting or total physical activity, with markers of cardiometabolic risk reinforces the importance of initiatives to increase this domain in programs for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.

[Analysis of several anthropometric measurements for the identification of metabolic syndrome, with or without disturbance of glucose metabolism]. / Análise de diferentes medidas antropométricas na identificação de síndrome metabólica, com ou sem alteração do metabolismo glicídico.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared anthropometric measurements and insulin resistance indexes of individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MS), stratified by the presence of glycemic abnormalities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 454 individuals (66% women, 54% Caucasians) were included, being 155 allocated to group 1 (without MS, without glycemic abnormality), 32 to group 2 (without MS, with glycemic abnormality), 104 to group 3 (with MS, without glycemic abnormality), and 163 to group 4 (with MS, with glycemic abnormality). Groups were compared by ANOVA. RESULTS: Those with MS (3 and 4) showed the worst anthropometric and lipid profiles; in group 2, despite higher plasma glucose levels, the mean values of anthropometric variables and lipids did not differ from group 1. The highest mean values of HOMA-IR were found in the groups with MS, while group 2 showed the lowest HOMA-ß. Triglyceride was the metabolic variable with the highest correlation coefficients with anthropometry. However, the strongest correlations were those of waist circumference (r = 0.503) and waist-to-height ratio (r = 0.513) with HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that, in a sample of the Brazilian population, any anthropometric measure identifies individuals with MS, but such measurements seem to be unable to differentiate those with glycemic disturbance. We reinforce the strongest relationship of measures of central adiposity with insulin resistance, suggesting utility for the waist-to-height. An autoimmune component may be contributing to the deterioration of glucose metabolism of individuals from group 2.

Análise de diferentes medidas antropométricas na identificação de síndrome metabólica, com ou sem alteração do metabolismo glicídico / Analysis of several anthropometric measurements for the identification of metabolic syndrome, with or without disturbance of glucose metabolism

OBJETIVO: Este estudo comparou parâmetros antropométricos e de resistência à insulina de indivíduos sem e com síndrome metabólica (SM), subestratificados pela presença de anormalidades glicêmicas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 454 indivíduos (66 por cento mulheres, 54 por cento brancos), sendo 155 alocados para o grupo 1 (sem SM, sem anormalidade glicêmica), 32 para o grupo 2 (sem SM, com anormalidade glicêmica), 104 no grupo 3 (com SM, sem anormalidade glicêmica) e 163 no grupo 4 (com SM e anormalidade glicêmica). Os grupos foram comparados por ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Os grupos com SM (3 e 4) apresentaram os piores perfis antropométrico e lipídico; no grupo 2, apesar de glicemias significantemente mais elevadas, as médias das variáveis antropométricas e lipídicas não diferiram do grupo 1. Os maiores valores médios de HOMA-IR foram encontrados nos grupos com SM, enquanto o grupo 2 apresentou o menor HOMA-β. A trigliceridemia foi a variável metabólica com coeficientes de correlação mais elevados com a antropometria. Porém, as correlações mais fortes foram da circunferência da cintura (r = 0,503) e da razão cintura-altura (r = 0,513) com o HOMA-IR (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados revelam que, em amostra da população brasileira, qualquer das medidas antropométricas identifica indivíduos com SM, mas não parece capaz de diferenciar aqueles com distúrbio glicêmico. Reforçamos a relação mais forte das medidas de adiposidade central com resistência à insulina, sugerindo utilidade da razão cintura-altura. É possível que componente autoimune contribua para o comprometimento do metabolismo glicídico dos indivíduos do grupo 2.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared anthropometric measurements and insulin resistance indexes of individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MS), stratified by the presence of glycemic abnormalities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 454 individuals (66 percent women, 54 percent Caucasians) were included, being 155 allocated to group 1 (without MS, without glycemic abnormality), 32 to group 2 (without MS, with glycemic abnormality), 104 to group 3 (with MS, without glycemic abnormality), and 163 to group 4 (with MS, with glycemic abnormality). Groups were compared by ANOVA. RESULTS: Those with MS (3 e 4) showed the worst anthropometric and lipid profiles; in group 2, despite higher plasma glucose levels, the mean values of anthropometric variables and lipids did not differ from group 1. The highest mean values of HOMA-IR were found in the groups with MS, while group 2 showed the lowest HOMA-β. Triglyceride was the metabolic variable with the highest correlation coefficients with anthropometry. However, the strongest correlations were those of waist circumference (r = 0.503) and waist-to-height ratio (r = 0.513) with HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that, in a sample of the Brazilian population, any anthropometric measure identifies individuals with MS, but such measurements seem to be unable to differentiate those with glycemic disturbance. We reinforce the strongest relationship of measures of central adiposity with insulin resistance, suggesting utility for the waist-to-height. An autoimmune component may be contributing to the deterioration of glucose metabolism of individuals from group 2.