Performance of the cytologic examination for the diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ: cytologic-histologic correlation in 60 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of cytologic examinations for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) through the correlation between the cytologic and histologic findings. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 60 patients followed at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute from November 1998 to December 2007, with the cytopathologic diagnosis of AIS. The percentage of agreement between cytologic and histologic findings was evaluated. RESULTS: Histologic study confirmed AIS in 28.3% (17/60) and invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma in 38.3% (23/60) of the cases. In 21.7% (13/60) of the patients, the histologic examination revealed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 and in 5.0% (3/60) squamous invasive carcinoma; in the remaining 5.0% (3/60) the diagnosis pointed to other neoplasms, and 1.7% (1/60) showed exclusively benign squamous cell lesions. Cytology identified lesions in 98.3% of the patients; 51% was intraepithelial. CONCLUSION: Although cytomorphologic criteria for diagnosis of AIS have been published, there was significant difficulty in interpreting glandular lesions. However, despite the fact that cytology has shown a poor performance in identifying glandular lesions, in almost all cases (98.3%) the presence of a clinically significant injury was detected. As knowledge of this diagnosis increases, better performance is expected.

Percutaneous core biopsy of palpable breast lesions: accuracy of frozen section histopathological exam in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of frozen section histopathology from fragments of tissue obtained by percutaneous core needle biopsy of palpable tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: a cohort study was performed on 57 patients with palpable tumors and suspected breast cancer undergoing percutaneous thick needle core biopsy. The fragments were analyzed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: frozen section diagnosed 16 benign cases (28.6%) and 40 malignant (71.4%), whereas paraffin showed that 15 were benign (26.8%) and 41 malignant (73.2%). Histopathological examinations were concordant in 55 cases and there was one false-negative (6.2%). Statistics rates were: negative predictive value of 93.8%, positive predictive value of 100%, no false-positive (0%), one false negative (6.2%), specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 97 6%; observed agreement = 98.2%; expected agreement = 59.9%, Kappa = 0.955 [ 95% CI = 0.925-0.974, p < 0.01 ]. CONCLUSIONS: frozen section histopathological findings showed excellent correlation with the findings by the technique in paraffin in the fragments of palpable breast tumors obtained by thick needle percutaneous core biopsy (98.2% accuracy). Therefore, in these patients, it was possible to anticipate the diagnosis, staging and the breast cancer treatment planning.

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II/III and cervical cancer in patients with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells when high-grade intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) cannot be ruled out.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The latest update of the Bethesda System divided the category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) into ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (high-grade intraepithelial lesion cannot be ruled out). The aims here were to measure the prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN II/III) and cervical cancer among patients referred to Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF) with ASC-H cytology, and compare them with ASC-US cases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, at the IFF Cervical Pathology outpatient clinic. METHODS: ASCUS cases referred to IFF from November 1997 to September 2007 were reviewed according to the 2001 Bethesda System to reach cytological consensus. The resulting ASC-H and ASC-US cases, along with new cases, were analyzed relative to the outcome of interest. The histological diagnosis (or cytocolposcopic follow-up in cases without such diagnosis) was taken as the gold standard. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN II/III in cases with ASC-H cytology was 19.29% (95% confidence interval, CI, 9.05-29.55%) and the risk of these lesions was greater among patients with ASC-H than with ASC-US cytology (prevalence ratio, PR, 10.42; 95% CI, 2.39-45.47; P = 0.0000764). Pre-invasive lesions were more frequently found in patients under 50 years of age with ASC-H cytology (PR, 2.67; 95% CI, 0.38-18.83); P = 0.2786998). There were no uterine cervical cancer cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CIN II/III in patients with ASC-H cytology was significantly higher than with ASC-US, and division into ASC diagnostic subcategories had good capacity for discriminating the presence of pre-invasive lesions.

Percutaneous core biopsy of palpable breast lesions: accuracy of frozen section histopathological exam in the diagnosis of breast cancer / Avaliação da acurácia do exame histopatológico por congelação em fragmentos de tecido obtidos por biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa no diagnóstico do câncer de mama em tumores palpáveis

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of frozen section histopathology from fragments of tissue obtained by percutaneous core needle biopsy of palpable tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: a cohort study was performed on 57 patients with palpable tumors and suspected breast cancer undergoing percutaneous thick needle core biopsy. The fragments were analyzed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: frozen section diagnosed 16 benign cases (28.6%) and 40 malignant (71.4%), whereas paraffin showed that 15 were benign (26.8%) and 41 malignant (73.2%). Histopathological examinations were concordant in 55 cases and there was one false-negative (6.2%). Statistics rates were: negative predictive value of 93.8%, positive predictive value of 100%, no false-positive (0%), one false negative (6.2%), specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 97 6%; observed agreement = 98.2%; expected agreement = 59.9%, Kappa = 0.955 [ 95% CI = 0.925-0.974, p < 0.01 ]. CONCLUSIONS: frozen section histopathological findings showed excellent correlation with the findings by the technique in paraffin in the fragments of palpable breast tumors obtained by thick needle percutaneous core biopsy (98.2% accuracy). Therefore, in these patients, it was possible to anticipate the diagnosis, staging and the breast cancer treatment planning. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar a acurácia do exame histopatológico por congelação em fragmentos de tecido obtidos por biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa no diagnóstico do câncer de mama em tumores palpáveis. MÉTODOS: foi realizado estudo de coorte em 57 pacientes portadoras de tumores palpáveis e suspeitos de câncer de mama, submetidas à biópsia por punção percutânea com agulha grossa. Os fragmentos foram analisados pela mesma anatomopatologista. RESULTADOS: a congelação diagnosticou 16 casos benignos (28,6%) e 40 malignos (71,4%), enquanto a parafina revelou que 15 eram benignos (26,8%) e 41 malignos (73,2%). Os exames histopatológicos foram concordantes em 55 casos e houve um falso-negativo (6,2%). As taxas estatísticas foram: valor preditivo negativo de 93,8%, valor preditivo positivo de 100%, nenhum falso-positivo (0%), um falso-negativo (6,2%), especificidade de 100%; sensibilidade de 97,6%; concordância observada = 98,2%; concordância esperada = 59,9%; Kappa = 0,955 [IC 95% = 0,925 a 0,974, p<0,01]. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados histopatológicos por congelação apresentaram excelente correlação com os achados pela técnica em parafina nos fragmentos de tumores mamários palpáveis obtidos por punção percutânea com agulha grossa (acurácia de 98,2%). Logo, nestas pacientes, foi possível antecipar o diagnóstico, o estadiamento e a programação terapêutica do câncer de mama. .

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II/III and cervical cancer in patients with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells when high-grade intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) cannot be ruled out / Prevalência de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical graus II/III e câncer cervical nas pacientes com diagnóstico citológico de células escamosas atípicas, quando não se pode excluir lesão intra-epitelial de alto grau (ASC-H)

Context and objective: The latest update of the Bethesda System divided the category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) into ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (high-grade intraepithelial lesion cannot be ruled out). The aims here were to measure the prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN II/III) and cervical cancer among patients referred to Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF) with ASC-H cytology, and compare them with ASC-US cases. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, at the IFF Cervical Pathology outpatient clinic. Methods: ASCUS cases referred to IFF from November 1997 to September 2007 were reviewed according to the 2001 Bethesda System to reach cytological consensus. The resulting ASC-H and ASC-US cases, along with new cases, were analyzed relative to the outcome of interest...

Contexto e objetivo: A última atualização do Sistema Bethesda dividiu a categoria de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS) em ASC-US (de significado indeterminado) e ASC-H (quando não se pode excluir lesão intra-epitelial de alto grau). Os objetivos deste estudo foram medir a prevalência da lesão pré-invasiva (Neoplasia Intra-epitelial Cervical, NIC II/III) e câncer cervical, de pacientes que foram encaminhadas ao Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF), com citologia ASC-H e compará-la com os casos ASC-US. Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados retrospectiva, que ocorreu no ambulatório de Patologia Cervical do IFF. Métodos: Casos com diagnóstico de ASCUS recebidos no IFF entre novembro de 1997 a setembro de 2007, foram revisados de acordo com o Sistema Bethesda 2001 até um diagnóstico de consenso. Os casos ASC-H e ASC-US resultantes desta revisão, e os casos novos, foram analisados em relação ao desfecho de interesse...

Cistos mamários - qual o seu significado? / Breast cysts - what do they mean?

Os cistos fazem parte de uma variedade de alterações benignas da mama, designadas como mudanças fibrocísticas, e constituem uma das causas mais freqüentes de tumores mamários. O exame clínico, isoladamente, é incapaz de estabelecer o diagnóstico de um cisto mamário. Geralmente é uma lesão assintomática, sendo diagnosticada por métodos de imagem. A acurácia do ultra-som para a identificação de cistos é próxima dos 100 porcento quanto presente massa anecóica oval, redonda ou lobulada, de contorno circunscrito, com reforço acústico posterior. Segundo o sistema BI-RADS para ultra-sonografia, os cistos podem ser divididos em simples, microcistos agrupados, complicados e complexos, sendo classificados em : categoria 2 (benigna) os cistos simples, categoria 3 (provavelmente benigna) para os microcistos agrupados e os cistos complicados e categoria 4 (suspeita) para os cistos complexos. A abordagem terapêutica dos cistos mamários deve ser individualizada de acordo com sua apresentação e o perfil psicológico de cada paciente. Atualmente, não se justificam medidas radicais na abordagem terapêutica destas lesões, visto que sua natureza é eminentemente benigna. É mister que os ginecologistas e mastologistas estejam informados e atualizados para utilizar racionalmente os recursos propedêuticos, otimizando tanto o benefício psíquico e clínico das pacientes como os custos decorrentes de exames e terapêuticas desnecessárias na abordagem dos diferentes tipos de cistos mamários.