Acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain situations among the working population and their pain education needs: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Pain affects a person's physical and psychological well-being, work performance and productivity. Working population bear their pain and continue to work which may contribute to the worsening of their pain condition. However, their pain situation was not well-examined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of acute and chronic pain in the working population in Hong Kong, understand their pain management strategies and determine their preferences with regard to the use of electronic pain management materials. METHODS: This was an exploratory online survey. The participants' pain history, their preferences in methods of pain management, the source of the pain management education that they had received, sources and preferences in relation to the use of the Internet for pain education, and the participants' demographic characteristics were collected. RESULTS: A total of 210 participants joined the study, 67% of whom were experiencing pain. Of the group in pain, 71.6% were in chronic pain that has persisted for 3 months or more. Pain intensities ranged from 2.82 to 3.82 on a 10-point numeric scale. Of the participants, 85.7% reported not receiving adequate pain management education, and 91.4% of those agreed pain services were inadequate. Websites and health care professionals were the sources from which they obtained their pain management education. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of pain in the working population requires special attention. Health care professionals should be proactive and an online pain management programme can be a solution to address the critical problem of pain in the working population.

The effectiveness, suitability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological methods of managing pain in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pain is common in older adults. To maintain their quality of life and promote healthy ageing in the community, it is important to lower their pain levels. Pharmacological pain management has been shown to be effective in older adults. However, as drugs can have various side effects, non-pharmacological pain management is preferred for community-dwelling older adults. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, suitability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological pain management interventions for community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Five databases, namely, CINHAL, Journals@Ovid, Medline, PsycInfo, and PubMed, were searched for articles. The criteria for inclusion were: full-text articles published in English from 2005 to February 2019 on randomized controlled trials, with chronic non-cancer pain as the primary outcome, in which pain was rated by intensity, using non-pharmacological interventions, and with participants over 65 years old, community-dwelling, and mentally competent. A quality appraisal using the Jadad Scale was conducted on the included articles. RESULTS: Ten articles were included. The mean age of the older adults was from 66.75 to 76. The interventions covered were acupressure, acupuncture, guided imagery, qigong, periosteal stimulation, and Tai Chi. The pain intensities of the participants decreased after the implementation of the intervention. The net changes in pain intensity ranged from - 3.13 to - 0.65 on a zero to ten numeric rating scale, in which zero indicates no pain and ten represents the worst pain. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological methods of managing pain were effective in lowering pain levels in community-dwelling older adults, and can be promoted widely in the community.

Knowledge of pulse oximetry: comparison among intensive care, anesthesiology and emergency nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pulse oximetry knowledge of nurses employed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Anesthesiology Department (AD) and Emergency Department (ED) and to compare knowledge among these departments/units. BACKGROUND: Although pulse oximetry has been widely used in clinical practice, previous studies have reported knowledge deficits among nurses, which may adversely affect patient outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional, multicentre study. METHODS: All nurses employed in the ICU, AD and ED of six hospitals were asked to complete in private a 21-item, knowledge-evaluating questionnaire, which was evaluated for content-related validity and reliability. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven questionnaires were completed (a response rate of 74·5%). Mean pulse oximetry knowledge score was 12·8 ± 3·2, with ICU nurses having significantly higher scores than ED nurses (p = 0·001) and those with more than 10 years of experience having significantly higher scores than less experienced ones (p = 0·015). Correct responses did not exceed 50% for six questionnaire items, five of which covered principles of pulse oximetry function. ICU nurses had significantly more correct responses in five items compared to ED nurses, and in two of them compared to AD nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Longer professional experience and being employed in the ICU were associated with higher pulse oximetry knowledge of Greek nurses. Considering knowledge deficits and differences among nurses, pulse oximetry knowledge seems to mainly develop through clinical experience. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings highlight the need for pregraduate education to follow clinical advances, and especially for the implementation of high-quality, continuing education programmes to provide systematic learning and support professional development of nurses.

A randomized double-blind trial of anesthesia provided for colonoscopy by university-degreed anesthesia nurses in Greece: safety and efficacy.

There are numerous studies in the literature of anesthesia administered during colonoscopy including various methods, drugs, and monitoring systems; however, none of them has studied whether a university-degreed nurse anesthesia provider (known as a certified registered nurse anesthetist in the United States) is skillful enough to provide safe anesthesia in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. The aim of our study was to determine whether anesthesia provided by a university-degreed nurse anesthesia provider during an endoscopic procedure is comparable in terms of safety and efficacy with routine sedation practice. This randomized, double-blind study included 100 adult patients who underwent colonoscopy conducted in the Evgenidion University Hospital during a single year. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: the first group received the usual scheme of intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl administered by a member of the endoscopic team that was blind to Bispectral Index (BIS) values recordings (Group 0). The second group received intravenous bolus injection of propofol bolus by a university-degreed anesthesia registered nurse based on the BIS values (Group 1). The average of the mean BIS values of Group 0 was 85.07 (SD = 8.01) and for Group 1 was 76.1 (SD = 10.88; p = .04). The parameters of "patient memory during procedure" and the satisfaction scores (as self-assessed by the patients as well as 2 gastroenterologists) were also significantly different between the patients of the 2 groups (p = .000). Comparison between the 2 groups showed that the sedation offered by a university-degreed nurse anesthesia provider was absolutely safe and effective, offering particular comfort to the patient during the intervention and contributing significantly to its successful results.

Wearable devices in palliative care for people 65 years and older: A scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map existing evidence on the use of wearable devices in palliative care for older people. Methods: The databases searched included MEDLINE (via Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar, which was included to capture grey literature. Databases were searched in the English language, without date restrictions. Reviewed results included studies and reviews involving patients aged 65 years or older who were active users of non-invasive wearable devices in the context of palliative care, with no limitations on gender or medical condition. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's comprehensive and systematic guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. Results: Of the 1,520 reports identified through searching the databases, reference lists, and citations, six reports met our inclusion criteria. The types of wearable devices discussed in these reports were accelerometers and actigraph units. Wearable devices were found to be useful in various health conditions, as the patient monitoring data enabled treatment adjustments. The results are mapped in tables as well as a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) chart. Conclusions: The findings indicate limited and sparse evidence for the population group of patients aged 65 years and older in the palliative context. Hence, more research on this particular age group is needed. The available evidence shows the benefits of wearable device use in enabling patient-centred palliative care, treatment adjustments and symptom management, and reducing the need for patients to travel to clinics while maintaining communication with healthcare professionals.

Impact of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Quality of Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent mandatory social distancing led to widespread disruption of medical education. This contributed to the accelerated introduction of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology in medical education. Objective: The objective of this quantitative narrative synthesis review is to summarize the recent quantitative evidence on the impact of VR and AR on medical education. Methods: A literature search for articles published between March 11, 2020 and January 31, 2022 was conducted using the following electronic databases: Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, EMCARE, BNI, and HMIC. Data on trainee confidence, skill transfer, information retention, and overall experience were extracted. Results: The literature search generated 448 results, of which 13 met the eligibility criteria. The studies reported positive outcomes in trainee confidence and self-reported knowledge enhancement. Additionally, studies identified significant improvement in the time required to complete surgical procedures in those trained on VR (mean procedure time 97.62±35.59) compared to traditional methods (mean procedure time 121.34±12.17). However, participants also reported technical and physical challenges with the equipment (26%, 23 of 87). Conclusions: Based on the studies reviewed, immersive technologies offer the greatest benefit in surgical skills teaching and as a replacement for lecture- and online-based learning. The review identified gaps that could be areas for future research.

Percutaneous endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms: clinical evaluation and literature results.

In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (p-EVAR). Anatomically selected patients treated with a single 10Fr Perclose Prostar XL vascular closure device (VCD) were examined. Primary success rate and common femoral artery (CFA) open conversion (OC) requirement per sheath size used were recorded. A literature review on p-EVAR results was also performed. One-hundred patients were enrolled. Successful p-EVAR was achieved in 183 of the 196 CFA access sites (93.4%), and was specifically 85.9% and 98.3% for sheaths ≥20Fr and ≤18Fr respectively. There were 13 periprocedural complications (bleeding = 10, arterial dissection and thrombosis = 1, pseudoaneurysm = 2) all leading to OC. Use of ≥20Fr sheaths had significantly higher OC rate (P < .05). Reconstruction was achieved with primary repair (N = 11) and patch angioplasty (N = 2). Mean hospital stay was 1.8 days. The literature review (vascular closure of 2921 CFA access sites) revealed an overall technical success rate of 92.3%. Device related- were more common than patient related-OCs (P < .05). p-EVAR procedures are safe and feasible. Sheath size is a significant predictor of OC rate and more OCs might be expected with very large (≥20Fr) sheath sizes.

Co-creation in a digital health living lab: A case study.

Co-creation in healthcare, especially in developing digital health solutions, has been widely identified as a fundamental principle for person-centered technologies that could accelerate the adaptation of innovation. A Digital Health Living Lab based on community offers a sustainable and real-life environment to ideate, develop, and evaluate digital health solutions addressing the needs of multiple stakeholders. This article presents the experience of the School of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Brighton in establishing a Digital Health Living Lab. In addition, we share a proposed step-by-step approach to establishing such a living lab in the community, supplemented by a case study of product development.

Intraoperative use of cell saver on patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgical repair: a Greek hospital experience.

Perioperative use of a cell saver device can serve as a cost-beneficial alternative to the transfusion method, especially in countries where the cost of a single unit of blood is high. The purpose of this study, conducted in a Greek hospital, was to calculate the cost benefit of using a cell saver device to salvage intraoperative blood during open surgical abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or open aortofemoral bypass for occlusive disease. This retrospective study measured the amounts of salvaged blood and reinfused blood encountered during the procedure and then calculated the cost benefit of cell saver use. With the cost of a unit of blood purchased in Greece about €450 ($585), the blood units salvaged and reinfused were calculated at a mean cost benefit of €754 ($980) per case.

Preventive thyroidectomy in patients with hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma found heterozygote for mutant RET proto-oncogene.

The currently available genetic tests for identification of the RET proto-oncogene mutation offer the possibility of prospective successful therapy before the hyperplasia of C-cells evolve to Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. We present our experience regarding the preventive thyroidectomy of family members with history of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma, who were found to be heterozygote for mutant RET proto-oncogene. We have retrospectively reviewed 19 members of 6 families with history of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma, who were heterozygote for mutant RET protooncogene and underwent prophylactic thyroidectomy. All patients included in this series were below twenty years of age. The Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma was asymptomatic and the mutation of RET protooncogene has been also documented pre-operatively in all of them. All patients had undergone total thyroidectomy, while 1 with pheochromocytoma had undergone also left epinephridectomy. Fourteen patients (73.68%) had undergone lymph-nodes resection (in 10 of them the resection was central, in 3 unilateral and in 1 bilateral). Although none of our patients suffered from hyperparathyroidism, 7 parathyroid glands have been also resected from 3 patients, while auto-transfusion has been performed in one. In all patients, preoperative measurement of the calcitonin blood levels before and after stimulation with pentagastrin has been performed.

The effectiveness of an electronic pain management programme for the working population with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is highly prevalent in the working population. People tend to attempt self-initiated treatments to manage their pain. The self-efficacy of behavioural change is a suitable model for guiding the development of an electronic pain management programme (ePain). The aim in this study is to develop ePain and to evaluate its effectiveness at improving pain self-efficacy, reducing pain intensity and negative emotions, and increasing quality of life. METHODS: This study will be a randomized controlled trial. ePain will take the form of a 6-week online pain management programme. Participants will be aged 15 years or above, have chronic pain, and be employed. They must complete the baseline questionnaire and will be randomized into intervention and control groups. They will receive notifications to encourage their participation in ePain and complete the evaluation questionnaires. They will complete the process evaluation at week 3, the post assessment at week 6, and the follow-up assessment at week 12. The study will focus on pain self-efficacy; pain situations; negative emotions including levels of depression, anxiety, and stress; and quality of life. The participants' opinions of ePain will be collected as feedback. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis and generalized estimating equations will be used to investigate the time-averaged difference and differences at each follow-up time. DISCUSSION: The study will provide information about the pain situations of online users in the working population. The participants will benefit from improvements in pain self-efficacy, pain situations, emotional status, and quality of life. The study will illustrate whether online learning is an effective intervention for improving the pain self-efficacy of the working population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03718702. Registered on 23 October 2018.

The Aorfix stent-graft to treat infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms with angulated necks and/or tortuous iliac arteries: midterm results.

PURPOSE: To present performance data on the use of the Aorfix stent-graft in patients with hostile infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) anatomy. METHODS: A study protocol was designed to examine the safety and efficacy of the Aorfix endovascular stent-graft in AAA patients who had a proximal neck diameter between 18 and 30 mm, neck angulation between 60 degrees and 90 degrees , and/or severe iliac artery angulation/tortuosity. Between September 2005 and April 2009, 20 men (mean age 72.4+/-7.7 years, range 55-89) were enrolled in the study. The mean AAA diameter was 61.8+/-14.9 mm (range 45.5-102). The mean angulation of the proximal neck was 61.9 degrees +/-16.5 degrees (range 30 degrees -90 degrees ); in the iliac arteries, the angulation was 59.9 degrees +/-16.3 degrees (range 30 degrees -85 degrees ) for the left and 60.9 degrees +/-17.6 degrees (range 28 degrees -90 degrees ) on the right. Fourteen (70%) patients had >60 degrees proximal neck angulation. Outcome measures were analyzed using life-table analysis. RESULTS: The graft was successfully implanted in all but 1 patient (technical success 95%); failure to cannulate the contralateral iliac limb resulted in conversion to aortomonoiliac stent-graft placement. In 1 patient, bilateral renal artery stent rescue was performed due to severe procedure-related stenosis. Occlusion of an internal iliac artery was noted in 2 patients. Mean follow-up was 26.9 months (range 4.5-43.5). No aneurysm-related rupture or death occurred. Two endoleaks were observed: 1 type I without migration at 3 years and 1 type II at 13 months. Freedom from any type of endoleak was 91.6% at 1 year and 75.9% at 2 years. Freedom from any early or late intervention was 88.8% at 1 year and 76.0% at 2 years. Aneurysm sac shrinkage (>5 mm) was evident in 79% (11/14) of the cases reaching 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The Aorfix device seems to be safe and reliable in purely complex infrarenal AAA anatomy, demonstrating good short and midterm clinical outcomes. Further larger or multicenter studies are needed to confirm the suitability of the Aorfix stent-graft in hostile infrarenal AAA anatomy.

Sphenoid wing meningioma and glioblastoma multiforme in collision - case report and review of the literature.

The coexistence of two histologically different primary tumours in the same brain region is relatively rare. The situation where these tumours in collision appear in an area of a previously excised meningioma is even more rare and only two cases have been reported so far. We present the third case of a 73-year-old woman who underwent an uneventful excision of a right sphenoid wing meningioma. She was re-admitted 3 years later due to reappearance of a tumour in the area adjacent to the previously excised meningioma. Histological diagnosis revealed a collision tumour of a glioblastoma multiforme and a fibrillary meningioma. The coincidence of these two different neoplasms in the same location at the same time 3 years after surgical removal of a meningioma leads us to speculate on the pathogenesis, and to review the literature regarding this particular issue.

Difficult intubation provokes bacteremia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of bacteremia after mask ventilation, laryngoscopy, and endotracheal intubation before induction of general anesthesia and to discover any correlation between traumatic manipulations and bacteremia. The specific bacteria responsible, knowledge of which may guide the prophylactic use of antibiotics, also were investigated. METHODS: Fifty patients were enrolled. Three 10-mL blood samples were collected from a peripheral vein 10 min before induction of anesthesia, 10 min after mask ventilation, and 10 min after intubation. All samples were placed in aerobic and anaerobic bottles for culture and bacterial identification. RESULTS: Cultures received 10 min after intubation were positive in 12% of patients. The following strains were isolated: Escherichia coli in two cases, Staphylococcus aureus in three cases, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in one case. A strong positive correlation was found between difficult intubation and bacteremia. No correlation between bacteremia and easy intubation or between bacteremia and face mask ventilation was identified. CONCLUSION: Traumatic manipulations during difficult laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation could cause bacteremia. This finding may justify and guide prophylactic use of antibiotics.

Cost and effectiveness comparison of endovascular aneurysm repair versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a single-center experience.

The study objective was to compare the cost and effectiveness of two surgical techniques: open repair and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We assessed 58 surgical operations of AAA repair conducted in 54 men and 4 women (aged 49-94 years) during 2003 and 2004. Open surgical repair was performed in 21 patients, and EVAR was performed in 37 patients. The evaluation of the effectiveness of both methods was based on the following factors: mortality within 30 days, surgery duration, total hospitalization time, and intensive care unit stay duration. The segmental costs of grafts, anesthesia, and extra materials were included in the calculations for the comparison of the costs of the two methods. A 30-day mortality of 5.17% and 0% was demonstrated for open surgical repair and EVAR, respectively. In regard to the operation's mean duration, this was calculated to 279.52 minutes for open repair and 193.57 minutes for EVAR. The mean duration of the in-hospital stay was 11.3 and 4.09 days for open repair and EVAR, respectively. Accordingly, the mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 2.81 and 0.23 days, respectively. The cost evaluation revealed a mean cost of 5374.3euro ($7,643.49) and 20,592.52euro ($29,287.50) for open repair and EVAR, respectively. Open repair is a "tested method" of its own time. EVAR seems to have the advantage on aspects of effectiveness, yet its major hallmark is its significant cost, as indicated in the relevant part of the current study.

Digital health and perioperative care.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 'the broad scope of digital health includes categories such as mobile health (mHealth), health information technology (IT), wearable devices, telehealth and telemedicine, and personalised medicine, and is used by providers and other stakeholders in their efforts to reduce inefficiencies, improve access, reduce costs, increase quality, and make medicine more personalised for patients (FDA 2016). More recently, Paul Sonier, a digital health strategist and founder of the Linkedin digital health group with more than 40,000 members, defined digital health as 'the convergence of the digital and genomic revolutions with health, healthcare, living, and society' (storyofdigitalhealth.com 2016).

Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudo-aneurysm: a nursing protocol.

Femoral pseudo-aneurysm (FPA) is a pulsatile hematoma (false aneurysm) of the femoral artery that communicates with an artery through a disruption in the arterial wall. Most often, FPA develops after an injury or angiographic access to the femoral artery with bleeding into the adjacent tissue. FPA is an uncommon complication, but a very significant one, that can have serious consequences. FPA can initially present as a new thrill or bruit, a pulsatile hematoma, or marked pain and tenderness near the site of arterial puncture. Doppler flow imaging has been the mainstay of diagnosis. Ultrasound (US)-guided compression was the treatment of choice. However, it carries drawbacks including length of time to compress for adequate closure of the artery, discomfort to patients, high recurrence rate in patients receiving anticoagulation, femoral artery thrombosis, and a success rate of only 75% overall. An alternative to compression is US-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) of the FPA. This is a safe procedure that can be done as an outpatient or in an office setting. This paper will provide nursing guidelines and rationale as well as a nursing protocol for the management of patients who undergo UGTI for FPA.

CNS tuberculosis: a review and illustration from an autopsy case.

An estimated one-third of the world's population (2 billion people) is infected with the tubercle bacilli (TB), which is estimated to cause 6% of all deaths worldwide. Despite there being a decline in the incidence of tuberculosis seen in Europe, there are still some countries in the rest of the world where the estimated number of new cases is very high. When a person presents with persistent fever with or without neurological symptoms, the diagnosis of TB cannot be excluded. We present a case report of a 26-year-old male patient, who died of CNS tuberculosis. Such case studies will help keep neuroscience nurses alert to potential medical issues in multiethnic patient populations.