Adverse drug interactions as a high-risk factor for lethal post-transplant complications in Chinese population.

Metabolism of triazole antifungal agents is highly competitive to conventional post-transplant immunosuppressants like cyclosporine A (CsA) via the cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. We present the first report on lethal complications that may arise due to this type of drug interaction. A retrospective survey identified 10 of 104 cases (9.62%) that suffered life-threatening complications associated with the interaction between CsA and itraconazole or voriconazole following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) at our center. According to the close drug monitoring, all 10 patients experienced supratherapeutic levels of CsA even with a preemptive CsA dosage reduction and prompt dose adjustment. Six patients developed grade I to III acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and eventually died from either idiopathic pneumonia syndrome or diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; another four patients died from CSA-associated neurological complications. Impaired hepatic and renal function was noted in only one of these 10 cases. The high frequency as well as the unpredictability of severe complications lead us to suggest that triazole should always be replaced by another antifungal medication (e.g., amphotericin B or Echincandins) while patients receive CsA after HSCT, especially in the Chinese population.

[Release of Exosomes Derived from Leukocyte-Depleted Red Cell Suspension and Its Regulation on Hematological Tumor Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the release of exosome (Exo) from leukocyte-depleted red cell suspension (LDRCS) at different storage time and its regulation on proliferation of hematological tumor cells and possible mechanism. METHODS: The Exo (RBC-Exo) in LDRCS at different storage time was obtained by ultracentrifugation, and the morphology and immunological marker of RBC-Exo were detected by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot, respectively. The particle size distribution of RBC-Exo in LDRCS at different storage time was detected by Dynamic Light Scattering. CCK-8 assay was used to explore the effect of RBC-Exo on hematological tumor cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proliferation-related proteins in hematological tumor cells after co-culture with RBC-Exo. RESULTS: RBC-Exo was isolated, which was characterized by cup-like shape, particle size distribution ranged from 20 to 200 nm, CD63/TSG101 enriched, Calnexin negative, CD235a positive and CD41 negative. The particle size distribution of RBC-Exo from LDRCS between middle was not significantly different and late stored stage. But the particle size distribution of RBC-Exo at middle-late stored stage(>14 d) was larger than that at early stored stage (≤14 days). Compared with the control group, RBC-Exo could significantly promote the proliferation of HBL1, U2932 and Jurkat cells. Compared with the control group, the cycle-related protein P21 was significantly down-regulated in HBL1, U2932 and Jurkat cells after co-culture with RBC-Exo for 3 days, while the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 was not changed significantly. CONCLUSION: The morphology of RBC-Exo from LDRCS at middle-late stored stage was different from that at early stored stage. RBC-Exo could promote the proliferation of hematological tumor cells, possibly by regulating the expression of cycle-associated protein P21.

Association between polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 gene and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study meta-analyzed the literature on possible association of 3 polymorphisms (-592, -1082, -819) in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant studies in English. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the association of IL-10 polymorphisms -592, -1082, and -819 with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. RESULTS: A significant association between the -592 polymorphism and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection was found in the total population (recessive model, odds ratios (OR) = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06-1.96, P = .02; homozygous model, OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.02-2.02, P = .04). However, these results were not observed in subgroups based on ethnicity. The -1082 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in Caucasians (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.05-1.62, P = .02; recessive model, OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.09-2.03, P = .01; homozygous model, OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.01-2.46, P = .04), but not in Asians or the total population. None of the 5 genetic models suggested a significant association between the -819 polymorphism and HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSION: The available evidence indicates that the AA genotype of IL-10 -592 may confer increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, and that the AA genotype of -1082 may confer increased susceptibility in Caucasians. In contrast, the -819 polymorphism may not be associated with HIV-1 infection risk. These conclusions should be verified in large, well-designed studies.

RETRACTED: Association Between Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-10 Gene and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses officially retracts the paper entitled, "Association Between Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-10 Gene and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection," by Dan-Hui Fu, Wen-Juan Deng, Zhi Yang, Sen Hong, Qian-Ling Ding, Yang Zhao, Jia Chen, and Dan-Ke Su (AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, epub: 16 Jun 2020; DOI: 10.1089/AID.2020.0011) due to a final, post-acceptance plagiarism review of the paper revealed a level of duplication of published sources that exceeded normal thresholds. The authors were provided an opportunity to adjust the problem, but the revision was returned with an even higher degree of duplication. The Editor and Publisher of AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses are committed to preserving the scientific literature and the community it serves.

[Arginase Level in Apheresis Leukocyte-Reduced Platelets Stored for Different Time].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of storage time on arginase level and possible source of arginase in apheresis leukocyte-reduced platelets(ALR-Plt). METHODS: The arginase level and myeloperoxidase(MPO) levels in ALR-Plt and control plasma were detected by ELISA. The relationship between arginase level and MPO level in ALR-Plt was analyzed by correlation analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of arginase level between ALR-Plt stored less than 3 days and control plasma. However, arginase level in ALR-Plt stored over 3 days was significantly higher than that in ALR-Plt stored less than 3 days and control plasma(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of MPO level in ALR-Plt stored for different times, but the MPO level in ALR-Plt stored for different time was lower than that in control plasma. Correlation analysis showed that arginase level positively correlated with MPO level in ALR-Plt of different storage time (r=0.58). CONCLUSION: The arginase level in ALR-Plt stored over 3 days increase significantly. The main possible source of arginase in ALR-Plt is the residual white blood cells, especially neutrophils.

[Arginase Level in Suspended Red Blood Cells Storaged for Different Time].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of storage time on arginase level, and the possible source of arginase in suspended red blood cells (RBC). METHODS: The arginase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in suspended RBC and control plasma were detected by ELISA. The free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC and control plasma were detected by colorimetric method. The relationship between arginase level, MPO level and free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC was analyzed by the related methods. RESULTS: The arginase and free hemoglobin levels in suspended RBC were higher than those in control plasma. Otherwise, MPO level was not significantly different between suspended RBC and control plasma. All of them did not increase along with prolonging of storage time. There was not a significant correlation between arginase level and free hemoglobin level in suspended RBC of different storage time (r = 0.03), but arginase level positively correlated with MPO level in the suspended RBC of different storage time (r = 0.76). CONCLUSION: The arginase level in suspended RBC storaged for different time increases significantly, but not along with prolonging of storage time. The main possible source of arginase in the suspended RBC is the residual white blood cell, especially neutrophils.

[Analysis of the efficiency and influence factors of PBSC collection with AutoPBSC and MNC procedure of cell separator].

This study was aimed to analyze the efficiency and influence factors of PBSC collection by an automatic (AutoPBSC procedure) and a semiautomatic apheresis procedure ( MNC procedure) of COBE Spectra cell separators. According to the different objects, A total of 109 apheresis cases were divided into autologous cohort (patient) and allogeneic cohort (donor). The quantity and quality of the collections and the characteristics of apheresis procedure were compared, the yields and influence factors of two cohorts with two kinds of procedures were analyzed respectively. The results showed that the collections of two procedure in patients and donors which processed the similar blood volumes were insignificantly different in MNC%, CD34⁺ %, CD34⁺ cell counts and Hb concentration (P > 0.05) ; the collections by AutoPBSC procedure had got fewer platelets, less product volumes whereas more ACD-A used, longer apheresis time in comparison with MNC procedure (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that MNC (r = 0.314,P = 0.015) , CD34⁺ cell counts (r = 0.922, P = 0.000) in collections were positively correlated with preahperesis in the autologus cohort by two procedures, CD34⁺ cell counts were correlated with WBC (r = 0.369, P = 0.004) and MNC (r = 0.495,P = 0.000) in collections; MNC (r = 0.896, P = 0.000) was positive correlated with preahperesis by AutoPBSC procedures and CD34⁺ cell counts also (r = 0.666,P = 0.000) by MNC procedure in the allogeneic cohort. Male had got more MNC and CD34⁺ cell counts than female (P < 0.05), age ≤ 40 had got more MNC and CD34⁺ cell counts than age>40 (P < 0.05) in patients by AutoPBSC procedure; age > 40 had got more CD34⁺ cell counts than age ≤ 40 by MNC procedure(P < 0.05). Only male had got more MNC and CD34⁺ cell counts than female (P < 0.05) by MNC procedure in donors. It is concluded that with same amount of blood processing, the PBSC collections from autologous patients and allogeneic donors had got a high degree of uniformly in purity of MNC and purity and concentration of CD34(+) cell counts by two procedure, whereas sex and age imposed more influence on PBSC collection in autologous.