Robust and Flexible Rubber Composite with High Photothermal Properties Achieved by In Situ ZDMA Assisted Dispersion of Eumelanin and its Hydrophobic Photothermal Application.

Eumelanin, a natural, biocompatible, and biodegradable photothermal agent derived from biomass, has attracted increasingly considerable attention due to its outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, its tendency to aggregate in flexible non-polar polymers, owing to its abundant polar groups on the surface, severely restricted the application of eumelanin in photothermal composite field. Herein, a feasible strategy is proposed to disperse eumelanin in non-polar rubber matrix via in situ generation of Zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA). The graft-polymerization of ZDMA promotes the interfacial compatibility between styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and eumelanin, achieving a uniform dispersion of eumelanin in SBR. The rubber composite exhibits a considerable tensile strength of 11.4 MPa, acceptable elongation at break of 146%, and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 75.2% with only 1 wt% of eumelanin. Furthermore, based on the easy-processing of SBR matrix, the composite is treated with a sandpaper template technique and sprayed with trimethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)silane (PFDTMS) to endow the material with near superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of 147.9°) capacity. Hydrophobicity provides excellent icing resistance, with droplet surfaces extending more than twice as long to freeze. Moreover, this hydrophobic photothermal material exhibits remarkable anti-frosting, de-frosting, and de-icing capabilities.

Multifunctional Starch-Based Sensor with Non-Covalent Network to Achieve "3R" Circulation.

With the consumption of disposable electronic devices increasing, it is meaningful but also a big challenge to develop reusable and sustainable materials to replace traditional single-use sensors. Herein, a clever strategy for constructing a multifunctional sensor with 3R circulation (renewable, reusable, pollution-reducing biodegradable) is presented, in which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with multiple interactions are introduced into a reversible non-covalent cross-linking network composed of biocompatible and degradable carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to simultaneously obtain high mechanical conductivity and long-term antibacterial properties by a one-pot method. Surprisingly, the assembled sensor shows high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 4.02), high conductivity (0.1753 S m-1 ), low detection limit (0.5%), long-term antibacterial ability (more than 7 days), and stable sensing performance. Thus, the CMS/PVA/AgNPs sensor can not only accurately monitor a series of human behavior, but also identify handwriting recognition from different people. More importantly, the abandoned starch-based sensor can form a 3R circulation. Especially, the fully renewable film still shows excellent mechanical performance, achieving reusable without sacrificing its original function. Therefore, this work provides a new horizon for multifunctional starch-based materials as sustainable substrates for replacing traditional single-use sensors.

Ion Pre-Embedding Engineering of δ-MnO2 for Chemically Self-Charging Aqueous Zinc Ions Batteries.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), especially those with self-charging properties, have been promisingly developed in recent years. Yet, most inorganic materials feature high redox potential, which limit their development in the self-charging field. To achieve this target, by pre-embedding potassium ions into δ-MnO2 to reduce the energy barrier in oxygen adsorption, the first application of MnO2 in self-charging ZIBs is realized. The design features a facile two-electrode configuration with no excessively complex component to allow for energy storage and conversion. Due to the voltage difference between the oxygen in the air and the discharge products, a redox reaction can be carried out spontaneously to realize the self-charging process. After the chemical self-charging process, the Zn-K0.37 MnO2 ·0.54H2 O/C cell achieves an open circuit voltage of around 1.42 V and a discharge capacity of 201 mAh g-1 , reflecting the promising self-charging capability. Besides, the chemically self-charging ZIBs operate well in multiple modes of constant current charge/discharge/chemical charging. And decent cycling capability can also be achieved at extreme temperatures and high mass loading. This work promotes the development of ZIBs and further broadens the application of inorganic metal oxides in the self-charging systems.

Injectable and Self-Healing Chitosan Hydrogel Based on Imine Bonds: Design and Therapeutic Applications.

Biological tissues can automatically repair themselves after damage. Examples include skin, muscle, soft tissue, etc. Inspired by these living tissues, numerous self-healing hydrogels have been developed recently. Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels constructed via dynamic imine bonds have been widely studied due to their simple preparation, good biocompatibility, and automatic reparability under physiological conditions. In this mini-review, we highlighted chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels based on dynamic imine chemistry, and provided an overview of the preparation of these hydrogels and their bioapplications in cell therapy, tumor therapy, and wound healing.

Double-stranded-RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) is proposed to contribute to the adaptation of equine infectious anemia virus from horses to donkeys.

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a member of the genus Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae. Horses are the most susceptible equids to EIAV infection and are therefore the primary hosts of this virus. In contrast, infected donkeys do not develop clinically active equine infectious anemia (EIA). This phenomenon is similar to what has been observed with HIV-1, which fails to induce AIDS in non-human primates. Interestingly, Shen et al. developed a donkey-tropic pathogenic virus strain (EIAVDV117, DV117) by serially passaging a horse-tropic pathogenic strain, EIAVLN40 (LN40), in donkeys. LN40, which was generated by passaging a field isolate in horses, displayed enhanced virulence in horses but caused no clinical symptoms in donkeys. Infection with DV117 induced acute EIA in nearly 100 % of donkeys. Genomic analysis of DV117 revealed a significantly higher frequency of A-to-G substitutions when compared to LN40. Furthermore, detailed analysis of dinucleotide editing showed that A-to-G mutations had a preference for 5'TpA and 5'ApA. These results strongly implicated the activity of the adenosine deaminase, ADAR1, in this type of mutation. Further investigation demonstrated that overexpression of donkey ADAR1 increased A-to-G mutations within the genome of EIAV. Together with our previous finding that multiple mutations in multiple genes are generated in DV117 during its adaptation from horses to donkeys, the present study suggests that ADAR1-induced A-to-G mutations occur during virus adaption to related new hosts contributing to the alteration of EIAV host tropism.

Equine viperin restricts equine infectious anemia virus replication by inhibiting the production and/or release of viral Gag, Env, and receptor via distortion of the endoplasmic reticulum.

UNLABELLED: Viperin is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated multifunctional protein that regulates virus replication and possesses broad antiviral activity. In many cases, viperin interferes with the trafficking and budding of viral structural proteins by distorting the membrane transportation system. The lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has been studied extensively. In this study, we examined the restrictive effect of equine viperin (eViperin) on EIAV replication and investigated the possible molecular basis of this restriction to obtain insights into the effect of this cellular factor on retroviruses. We demonstrated that EIAV infection of primary equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs) upregulated the expression of eViperin. The overexpression of eViperin significantly inhibited the replication of EIAV in eMDMs, and knockdown of eViperin transcription enhanced the replication of EIAV in eMDMs by approximately 45.8%. Further experiments indicated that eViperin restricts EIAV at multiple steps of viral replication. The overexpression of eViperin inhibited EIAV Gag release. Both the α-helix domain and radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domain were required for this activity. However, the essential motifs in SAM were different from those reported for the inhibition of HIV-1 Gag by human viperin. Furthermore, eViperin disrupted the synthesis of both EIAV Env and receptor, which consequently inhibited viral production and entry, respectively, and this disruption was dependent on the eViperin α-helix domain. Using immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the α-helix domain is responsible for the distortion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Finally, EIAV did not exhibit counteracting eViperin at the protein level. IMPORTANCE: In previous studies, viperin was indicated as restricting virus replications primarily by the inhibition of virus budding. Here, we show that viperin may have multiple antiviral mechanisms, including the reduction of EIAV Gag budding and Env expression, and these activities are dependent on different viperin domains. We especially demonstrate that the overexpression of viperin inhibits EIAV entry by decreasing the level of virus receptor. Therefore, viperin restriction of viruses is determined largely by the dependence of virus on the cellular membrane transportation system.

The role of the reduction of spiral artery remodeling and heme oxygenase 1 in mediating AT1-AA-induced hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant rats.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, emerging evidence has indicated that preeclamptic women who have angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AA), these antibodies contribute to features of the disease. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of spiral artery remodeling in mediating AT1-AA-induced hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant rats. We hypothesized that AT1-AA-mediated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) reduction contributes to decreased spiral artery remodeling. Rat AT1-AA and an HO-1 inducer were administered to pregnant rats. RESULT: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 98 ± 4 mm Hg in normal pregnant rats to 113 ± 6 mm Hg in AT1-AA-infused rats (p < 0.05), which was significantly attenuated by the HO-1 inducer (103 ± 2 mm Hg). Fetal weight was also attenuated by HO-1 inducer, and kidney and liver development was adversely affected. Spiral artery remodeling was significantly reduced in AT1-AA-treated pregnant rats compared with that in normal pregnant rats, and this was significantly ameliorated by an HO-1 inducer. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that AT1-AA-mediated HO-1 reduction contributes to reduced spiral artery remodeling, and is one mechanism whereby AT1-AA mediates hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation.

Nacre-Mimetic Structure Multifunctional Ion-Conductive Hydrogel Strain Sensors with Ultrastretchability, High Sensitivity, and Excellent Adhesive Properties.

Recently, conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for smart, wearable devices. However, limited mechanical properties and low sensitivity greatly restrict their lifespan. Based on the design of biomimetic-layered structure, the conductive hydrogels with nacre-mimetic structure were prepared by using layered acrylic bentonite (AABT) and phytic acid (PA) as multifunctional "brick" and "mortar" units. Among them, the unique rigid cyclic multihydroxyl structure of the "organic mortar" PA preserves both ultrastretchability (4050.02%) and high stress (563.20 kPa) of the hydrogel, which far exceeds most of the reported articles. Because of the synergistic effect of AABT and PA, the hydrogel exhibits an excellent adhesive strength (87.74 kPa). The role of AABT in the adhesive properties of hydrogels is proposed for the first time, and a general strategy for improving the adhesive properties of hydrogels by using AABT is demonstrated. Furthermore, AABT provides ion channels and PA ionizes abundant H+, conferring a high gauge factor (GF = 14.95) and excellent antimicrobial properties to the hydrogel. Also, inspired by fruit batteries, simple self-powered flexible sensors were developed. Consequently, this study provides knowledge for functional bentonite filler modified hydrogel, and the prepared multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogel shows great application potential in the field of intelligent wearable devices.

One-pot co-crystallized hexanal-loaded ZIF-8/quaternized chitosan film for temperature-responsive ethylene inhibition and climacteric fruit preservation.

Controlling ethylene production and microbial infection are key factors to prolong the shelf life of climacteric fruit. Herein, a nanocomposite film, hexanal-loaded ZIF-8/CS (HZCF) with "nano-barrier" structure, was developed by a one-pot co-crystallized of ZIF-8 in situ growth on quaternized chitosan (CS) and encapsulation of hexanal into ZIF-8 via microporous adsorption. The resultant film realized the temperature responsive release of hexanal via the steric hindrance and hierarchical pore structure as "nano-barrier", which can inhibit ethylene production in climacteric fruit on demand. Based on this, the maximum ethylene inhibition rate of HZCF was up to 52.6 %. Meanwhile, the film exhibits excellent antibacterial, mechanical, UV resistance and water retention properties, by virtue of the functional synergy between ZIF-8 and CS. Contributed to the multifunctional features, HZCF prolonged the shelf life of banana and mango for at least 16 days, which is 8 days longer than that of control fruit. More strikingly, HZCF is washable and biodegradable, which is expected to replace non-degradable plastic film. Thus, this study provides a convenient novel approach to simplify the encapsulation of active molecule on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), develops a packaging material for high-efficient freshness preservation, and helps to alleviate the survival crisis caused by food waste.

Hierarchical supramolecules composed of starch-based nanocluster aggregates with light-responsive mechanical strain for remotely rapid and precise actuation.

Hierarchical supramolecular systems, characterized by nanoscale sensitivity and macroscopic tangible changes, offer promising perspectives for the design of remotely controllable, rapid, and precise actuation materials, serving as a potential substitution for non-intelligent and complex actuation switches. Herein, we reported on the disassembly of orderly and rigid starch helical covalent structures, and their subsequent reassembly into a hierarchical supramolecular gel composed of nanocluster aggregates, integrating supramolecular interactions of three different scales. The incorporation of photo-sensitive FeIIITA, a complex of trivalent iron ions and tannic acid, significantly enhances the photo-responsive strain capacity of the hierarchical supramolecular gel. The supramolecular gel exhibits its features in a rapid light-responsive rate of hardness and viscosity, enabling the actuation of objects within 22 s under light exposure when employed as a remote actuation switch. Meanwhile, this actuation mechanism of the hierarchical supramolecular gel also has a promising perspective in precise control, identifying and actuating one of the two objects in distances of 0.8 mm even smaller scales. Our work provides a reliable reference for replacing complex actuation switches with intelligent materials for remote, rapid, and accurate actuation, and offers valuable insights for actuation in harsh and vacuum outdoor environments.

Urban Ecological Environment Quality Evaluation and Territorial Spatial Planning Response: Application to Changsha, Central China.

Scientific territorial spatial planning is of great significance in the realization of the sustainable development goals in China, especially in the context of China's ecological civilization construction and territorial spatial planning. However, limited research has been carried out to understand the spatio-temporal change in EEQ and territorial spatial planning. In this study, Changsha County and six districts of Changsha City were selected as the research objects. Based on the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model, the spatio-temporal changes in the EEQ and spatial planning response in the study area during 2003-2018 were analyzed. The results reveal that (1) the EEQ of Changsha declined and then rose between 2003 and 2018, showing an overall decreasing trend. The average RSEI declined from 0.532 in 2003 to 0.500 in 2014 and then increased to 0.523 in 2018, with an overall decrease of 1.7%. (2) In terms of spatial pattern changes, the Xingma Group, the Airport Group and the Huangli Group in the east of the Xiangjiang River had the most serious EEQ degradation. The EEQ degradation of Changsha showed an expanding and polycentric decentralized grouping pattern. (3) Massive construction land expansion during rapid urbanization caused significant EEQ degradation in Changsha. Particularly, the areas with low EEQ were concentrated in the areas with concentrated industrial land. Scientific territorial spatial planning and strict control were conducive to regional EEQ improvement. (4) The prediction using the urban ecological model demonstrates that every 0.549 unit increase in NDVI or 0.2 unit decrease in NDBSI can improve the RSEI of the study area by 0.1 unit, thus improving EEQ. In the future territorial spatial planning and construction of Changsha, it is necessary to promote the transformation and upgrading of low-end industries into high-end manufacturing industries and control the scale of inefficient industrial land. The EEQ degradation caused by industrial land expansion needs to be noted. All of these findings can provide valuable information for relevant decision-makers to formulate ecological environment protection strategies and conduct future territorial spatial planning.

Phosphate-modified cellulose/chitosan with high drug loading for effective prevention of rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) outbreaks in fields.

The continuous infestation of pests has seriously affected rice growth, yield and quality. How to reduce the use of pesticides and effectively control insect pests is a bottleneck problem. Herein, based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, we posed a novel strategy to construct emamectin benzoate (EB) pesticide loading system using self-assembled phosphate-modified cellulose microspheres (CMP) and chitosan (CS). CMP provides more binding sites for EB loading and CS coating further enhances the carrier loading capacity up to 50.75 %, which jointly imparted pesticide photostability and pH-responsiveness. The retention capacity of EB-CMP@CS in rice growth soil reached 101.56-fold that of commercial EB, which effectively improved the absorption of pesticides during rice development. During the pest outbreak, EB-CMP@CS achieved effective pest control by increasing the pesticide content in rice stems and leaves, the control efficiency of the rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) reached 14-fold that of commercial EB, and could maintain the effective pest control effect during the booting stage of rice. Finally, EB-CMP@CS-treated paddy fields had improved yields and were free of pesticide residues in the rice grain. Therefore, EB-CMP@CS achieves effective control of rice leaffolder in paddy fields and has potential application value in green agricultural production.

Circulating neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and preeclampsia: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies evaluating the association between circulating neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the risk of preeclampsia (PE) showed inconsistent results. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the relationship between circulating NGAL and PE. METHODS: Studies comparing the circulating NGAL between pregnant women with PE and controls with no PE were found by searching Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane's Library, and Embase. Pooling results was performed using a random-effects model incorporating heterogeneity. RESULTS: In the study, 1293 women with PE and 1773 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in 18 case-control studies, and the gestational age was matched between cases and controls. Pooled results showed that compared to controls, women with PE had a significantly higher blood level of NGAL (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-1.28, p < .001; I2 = 92%). Subgroup analyses showed consistent results in studies of NGAL measured at the first (SMD: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.15-0.80, p = .004), the second (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.55-1.19, p < .001), and the third trimester (SMD: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.63-1.24, p < .001) of pregnancy. In addition, women with mild (SMD: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.13-1.44, p = .02) and severe PE (SMD: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.40-1.97, p = .003) both had higher circulating NGAL as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: High circulating NGAL is associated with PE, which may be independent of the trimesters for blood sampling and the severity of PE.

Flexible, sensitive and rapid humidity-responsive sensor based on rubber/aldehyde-modified sodium carboxymethyl starch for human respiratory detection.

Natural polymers with abundant hydrophilic groups are potential candidates for humidity sensor designing. Unfortunately, most of natural polymers lack essential stretchability and high conductivity, which hinder their development in the field of flexible humidity sensor. Cooperation with rubbers and conductive nanometer materials is an effective method to make the best use of natural polymers in flexible humidity sensor. In this paper, a flexible and sensitive sensor with rapid response to humidity change is fabricated based on aldehyde-modified sodium carboxymethyl starch (ACMS), carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR) and Ag nanoflakes through film-forming method. The pre-prepared ACMS owns a better dispersibility in the aqueous phase and serves as reducing agent for formation of Ag nanoflakes. After the film-forming process, the composite film shows a strength of 5.66 MPa and a high stretchability with strain of 367 %. Besides, our sensor shows a rapider response to humidity change than the commercial electronic hygrometer that it takes only 1 s to respond to the humidity change from 25 % RH to 27 % RH. Therefore, the XSBR/ACMS/Ag sensor possesses an impressive sensitive response to slight sweat on human skin and breath, which could find applications in monitoring people's health and distinguish their physical condition.

Symmetric cross-entropy multi-threshold color image segmentation based on improved pelican optimization algorithm.

To address the problems of low accuracy and slow convergence of traditional multilevel image segmentation methods, a symmetric cross-entropy multilevel thresholding image segmentation method (MSIPOA) with multi-strategy improved pelican optimization algorithm is proposed for global optimization and image segmentation tasks. First, Sine chaotic mapping is used to improve the quality and distribution uniformity of the initial population. A spiral search mechanism incorporating a sine cosine optimization algorithm improves the algorithm's search diversity, local pioneering ability, and convergence accuracy. A levy flight strategy further improves the algorithm's ability to jump out of local minima. In this paper, 12 benchmark test functions and 8 other newer swarm intelligence algorithms are compared in terms of convergence speed and convergence accuracy to evaluate the performance of the MSIPOA algorithm. By non-parametric statistical analysis, MSIPOA shows a greater superiority over other optimization algorithms. The MSIPOA algorithm is then experimented with symmetric cross-entropy multilevel threshold image segmentation, and eight images from BSDS300 are selected as the test set to evaluate MSIPOA. According to different performance metrics and Fridman test, MSIPOA algorithm outperforms similar algorithms in global optimization and image segmentation, and the symmetric cross entropy of MSIPOA algorithm for multilevel thresholding image segmentation method can be effectively applied to multilevel thresholding image segmentation tasks.

Hybrid cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl starch/polyacrylamide flexible sensing hydrogels with adhesion, antimicrobial properties and multiple responses.

Ionic hydrogels used as ideal and flexible strain sensor materials should have excellent mechanical, adhesive and antimicrobial properties. However, it is challenging to achieve these multifunctional requirements simultaneously. Herein, we designed and prepared a multifunctional ionic hydrogel with a multi-length tentacle bentonite backbone to initiate the free radical polymerization of acrylic acid bentonite (AABT) and acrylamide (AAm). The interactions of covalent cross-linking, hydrogen bonding cross-linking, charge interactions and physical entanglement between hybrid polyacrylamide-AABT (PAAm-AABT), sodium carboxymethyl starch (SCMS) and PAAm form an multi-in-one hybrid supramolecular network hydrogel (CABZ). This CABZ ion-conductive hydrogel is capable of detecting weak deformation with a detection limit of 1 % strain, high tensile properties of 995 %, excellent strength of 254.5 kPa, fast response (≈0.21 s), high sensitivity of 0.86 and high conductivity of 0.37 S/m. In addition, this CABZ ion-conductive hydrogel has impressive adhesion properties with shear adhesion strength up to 50.78 kPa and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties achieved by AABT-loaded ZnO nanoparticles. Through special AABT hybrid cross-linking, the CABZ ion-conductive hydrogel achieves stable mechanical properties, highly sensitive signal response and antimicrobial properties, which will make it a good choice for flexible wearable sensor materials.

Three-dimensional continuous picking path planning based on ant colony optimization algorithm.

Fruit-picking robots are one of the important means to promote agricultural modernization and improve agricultural efficiency. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, people are demanding higher picking efficiency from fruit-picking robots. And a good fruit-picking path determines the efficiency of fruit-picking. Currently, most picking path planning is a point-to-point approach, which means that the path needs to be re-planned after each completed path planning. If the picking path planning method of the fruit-picking robot is changed from a point-to-point approach to a continuous picking method, it will significantly improve its picking efficiency. The optimal sequential ant colony optimization algorithm(OSACO) is proposed for the path planning problem of continuous fruit-picking. The algorithm adopts a new pheromone update method. It introduces a reward and punishment mechanism and a pheromone volatility factor adaptive adjustment mechanism to ensure the global search capability of the algorithm, while solving the premature and local convergence problems in the solution process. And the multi-variable bit adaptive genetic algorithm is used to optimize its initial parameters so that the parameter selection does not depend on empirical and the combination of parameters can be intelligently adjusted according to different scales, thus bringing out the best performance of the ant colony algorithm. The results show that OSACO algorithms have better global search capability, higher quality of convergence to the optimal solution, shorter generated path lengths, and greater robustness than other variants of the ant colony algorithm.

Multi-omics analyses of glucose metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer.

Background: Glucose metabolic reprogramming (GMR) is a cardinal feature of carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to profile the metabolic signature of primary tumor and circulating tumor cells from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients using integrated omics analysis. Methods: PET-CT imaging, serum metabolomics, genomics and proteomics data of 325 high 18F-fluorinated deoxyglucose (FDGhigh) mCRC patients were analyzed. The para-tumor, primary tumor and liver metastatic tissues of mCRC patients were used for proteomics analysis. Results: The glucose uptake in tumor tissues as per the PET/CT images was correlated to serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatinine (CRE). Proteomics analysis indicated that several differentially expressed proteins were enriched in both GMR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related pathways. Using a tissue-optimized proteomic workflow, we identified novel proteomic markers (e.g. CCND1, EPCAM, RPS6), a novel PCK1-CDK6-INSR protein axis, and a potential role for FOLR (FR) in GMR/EMT of CRC cells. Finally, CEA/blood glucose (CSR) was defined as a new index, which can be used to jointly diagnose liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Conclusions: GMR in CRC cells is closely associated with the EMT pathway, and this network is a promising source of potential therapeutic targets.

Hybridization of carboxymethyl chitosan with bimetallic MOFs to construct renewable metal ion "warehouses" with rapid sterilization and long-term antibacterial effects.

Pathogens transmitted through the water environment pose a great threat to human health. Hence developing more reliable and efficient antibacterial materials to eliminate bacterium in water environments is urgent. Herein, we posed a novel strategy of interweaving carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and Ag/Cu-MOFs to construct renewable Ag/Cu-BTC@CMCS composite beads with rapid sterilization, long-term antibacterial effects and high biosafety. Characterizations revealed that CMCS and bimetallic MOFs act as the "warehouses" of metal ions and played key roles in anchoring, storage, delivery, and controlled release of metal ions. The synergistic antibacterial effect achieved by the combination of Ag+ and Cu2+ provides the composite beads with high antibacterial efficiency, resulting in low minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.32 mg/mL against E. coli and 0.16 mg/mL against S. aureus) and over 99.9 % bacteria killing rate. Benefiting from the rapid release of metal ions from polymer chains and the long-term release from MOFs, the composite beads can effectively sterilize the simulated swimming pool water in 2 h and persistently inhibit bacterial reproduction over 48 h, and show a safe level of residual heavy metals because of the chelation of CMCS. This work provides new insights and promises a strategy for the design and commercial application of novel water fungicides.

Curcumin-loaded HKUST-1@ carboxymethyl starch-based composites with moisture-responsive release properties and synergistic antibacterial effect for perishable fruits.

The spoilage of fruit is one of the most important causes of fruit waste. High humidity by fresh fruit respiration leads to bacterial reproduction, which is the key factor of products corruption. Herein, a biological multifunctional film (Cur-HKUST-1@CMS/PVA) for fruits preservation with a high moisture environment was developed by cross-linking carboxymethyl starch (CMS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with MOF-199 (HKUST-1), and loaded with curcumin. The hydrophilic CMS facilitates water adsorption and moisture can stimulate curcumin release from HKUST-1. HKUST-1 not only acts as curcumin carriers but also forms synergistic antibacterial with curcumin to improve the antibacterial activity of the composites. XRD and SEM demonstrated that moisture disrupts the structure of HKUST-1 and releases curcumin and the results showed that the release of curcumin increased from 25.11 % to 58.32 % after moisture stimulation. In addition, Cur-HKUST-1@CMS/PVA had excellent antibacterial activity and antioxidant ability. As validation, the film can keep pitaya and avocado freshness at least 4 days longer than the control, confirming the effectiveness of Cur-HKUST-1@CMS/PVA in preventing fruit decay. Consequently, Cur-HKUST-1@CMS/PVA is a promising active packaging material for improve the shelf life of perishable fruits.