RESUMO
Social media holds the potential to engage adolescents and young adults and to facilitate interventions improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPVV). This article systematically reviewed the literature on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL. Interventions delivered or facilitated by social media with outcomes of HPV-related knowledge, awareness, attitude, vaccination intention and behavior were included. Standardized forms were used to abstract the basic characteristics, settings, guiding theories and key findings of the interventions. Twenty-four studies met the eligibility criteria. Sixteen were educational interventions, and the other eight investigated the effect of social media message contents on improving Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related outcomes. The studies were published between 2015 and 2021. The most frequently used social media platforms were Facebook, and the most commonly adopted theory was the health belief model (HBM). Existing interventions have shown preliminary but promising effects in improving HPV awareness and knowledge. Still, such improvements have not always been translated to improved behavioral intentions and vaccination rates. The contents and phrasing of social media messages and pre-existing individual characteristics of social media users moderated intervention effectiveness. Social media could be a valuable tool for engaging participants and delivering HPV interventions. Future interventions should apply stronger theory bases.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Mídias Sociais , Adolescente , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Intenção , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones are an important group of metabolites derived from fungi, mycobionts, plants and animal feces. They exhibit a variety of biological activities such as toxicity on human and animals, phytotoxicity as well as cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antinematodal, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Dibenzo-α-pyrones are biosynthesized via the polyketide pathway in microorganisms or metabolized from plant-derived ellagitannins and ellagic acid by intestinal bacteria. At least 53 dibenzo-α-pyrones have been reported in the past few decades. This mini-review aims to briefly summarize the occurrence, biosynthesis, biotransformation, as well as their biological activities and functions. Some considerations related to synthesis, production and applications of dibenzo-α-pyrones are also discussed.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzopiranos/química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Pironas/química , Animais , Antialérgicos/isolamento & purificação , Antialérgicos/metabolismo , Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bactérias/química , Bactérias/metabolismo , Benzopiranos/isolamento & purificação , Benzopiranos/metabolismo , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/metabolismo , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Biotransformação , Fezes/química , Fungos/química , Fungos/metabolismo , Humanos , Plantas/química , Plantas/metabolismo , Pironas/isolamento & purificação , Pironas/metabolismo , Pironas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Alternaria is a cosmopolitan fungal genus widely distributing in soil and organic matter. It includes saprophytic, endophytic and pathogenic species. At least 268 metabolites from Alternaria fungi have been reported in the past few decades. They mainly include nitrogen-containing metabolites, steroids, terpenoids, pyranones, quinones, and phenolics. This review aims to briefly summarize the structurally different metabolites produced by Alternaria fungi, as well as their occurrences, biological activities and functions. Some considerations related to synthesis, biosynthesis, production and applications of the metabolites from Alternaria fungi are also discussed.
Assuntos
Alternaria/metabolismo , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
ABCA1 has been found to be critical for cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Understanding the mechanism regulating ABCA1 expression is important for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In the present study, a G-quadruplex (G4) structure was identified in the ABCA1 promoter region. This G4 was shown to be essential for ABCA1 transcription. Stabilizing the G4 by ligands surprisingly upregulated ABCA1 expression in macrophages. Knocking out the G4 remarkably reduced ABCA1 expression, and abolished the increase of ABCA1 expression induced by the G4 ligand. By pull-down assays, the protein NONO was identified as an ABCA1 G4 binder. Overexpression or repression of NONO significantly induced upregulation and downregulation of ABCA1 expression, respectively. ChIP and EMSA experiments showed that the G4 ligand promoted the binding between the ABCA1 G4 and NONO, which led to more recruitment of NONO to the promoter region and enhanced ABCA1 transcription. Finally, the G4 ligand was shown to significantly reduce the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages. This study showed a new insight into the regulation of gene expression by G4, and provided a new molecular mechanism regulating ABCA1 expression in macrophages. Furthermore, the study showed a possible novel application of the G4 ligand: preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Macrófagos , Humanos , Ligantes , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Aterosclerose/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/metabolismoRESUMO
The EtOAc extract of the liquid fermentation of Alternaria sp. Samif01, an endophytic fungus obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, showed antibacterial activity against several tested bacterial pathogens. Fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of seven dibenzo-α-pyrones (1-7), including one new compound, 2-acetoxy-2-epi-altenuene (1) and one new natural product, 3-epi-dihydroaltenuene A (2). The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data including (1D, 2D) NMR and HRESIMS, while the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by TDDFT-ECD computation. Altenuisol (5), 4-hydroxyalternariol-9-methyl ether (6), and alternariol (7) showed inhibitory activities against the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 86.7-364.7 µM. A preliminary structure-antibacterial activity relationship was discussed. In addition, compounds 2, 5 and 6 displayed promising antioxidant effects using DPPH and hydroxyl radical assays. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated as well.
Assuntos
Alternaria/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Pironas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactonas/farmacologia , Pironas/química , Pironas/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
One bioactive compound, identified as alternariol 9-methyl ether, was isolated from the crude extract of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. Samif01 residing in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Alternariol 9-methyl ether was active against bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 25 to 75µg/mL and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 16.00 to 38.27µg/mL. The IC50 value of alternariol 9-methyl ether against spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae was 87.18µg/mL. Alternariol 9-methyl ether also showed antinematodal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Caenorhabditis elegans with IC50 values of 98.17µg/mL and 74.62µg/mL, respectively. This work is the first report on alternariol 9-methyl ether and its biological activities from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. Samif01 derived from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. The results indicate the potential of Alternaria sp. Samif01 as a source of alternariol 9-methyl ether and also support that alternariol 9-methyl ether is a natural compound with high potential bioactivity against microorganisms.
Assuntos
Alternaria/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Alternaria/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Lactonas/metabolismo , Magnaporthe/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Salvia/microbiologiaRESUMO
Abstract One bioactive compound, identified as alternariol 9-methyl ether, was isolated from the crude extract of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. Samif01 residing in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Alternariol 9-methyl ether was active against bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 25 to 75 µg/mL and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 16.00 to 38.27 µg/mL. The IC50 value of alternariol 9-methyl ether against spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae was 87.18 µg/mL. Alternariol 9-methyl ether also showed antinematodal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Caenorhabditis elegans with IC50 values of 98.17 µg/mL and 74.62 µg/mL, respectively. This work is the first report on alternariol 9-methyl ether and its biological activities from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. Samif01 derived from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. The results indicate the potential of Alternaria sp. Samif01 as a source of alternariol 9-methyl ether and also support that alternariol 9-methyl ether is a natural compound with high potential bioactivity against microorganisms.