Short-term mortality risks among patients with oropharynx cancer by human papillomavirus status.

BACKGROUND: There is substantial variation in head and neck cancer (HNC) mortality and competing mortality among patients with HNC. In this study, the authors characterize the causes and risks of short-term mortality among patients with oropharynx cancer (OPC) and how these risks differ by human papillomavirus (HPV) status. METHODS: A custom Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data set with HPV status was used to identify 4930 patients with OPC who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic (M0) disease from 2013 to 2014, including 3560 (72.2%) HPV-positive patients and 1370 HPV-negative patients. Causes of death and cumulative incidence estimates for HNC-specific mortality, competing mortality, second-cancer mortality, and noncancer mortality were analyzed by HPV status. Risk factors for mortality events were determined using multivariable competing risk regression models. RESULTS: Compared with HPV-negative patients, HPV-positive patients had a lower risk of 2-year cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality (10.4% vs 33.3%; P < .0001) and a lower risk of both HNC-specific mortality (4.8% vs 16.2%; P < .0001) and competing-cause mortality (5.6% vs 16.8%; P < .0001). Second-cancer mortality was the most common cause of non-HNC mortality among HPV-negative patients. Both second-cancer mortality and noncancer mortality were significantly higher among patients who had HPV-negative OPC (10.8% and 6.1%, respectively) compared with those who had HPV-positive OPC (2.4% and 3.2%, respectively; both P < .0001). The median follow-up was 11 months (range 1-23 months) in this cohort with known HPV-status. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPC have significantly different rates of both HNC mortality and competing mortality. HPV-negative patients are at substantial risk of competing mortality, even within 2 years of cancer diagnosis. These differences can inform power calculations for clinical trials and patient management in the acute and survivorship settings.

Prostate cancer incidence across stage, NCCN risk groups, and age before and after USPSTF Grade D recommendations against prostate-specific antigen screening in 2012.

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the extent to which US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2012 Grade D recommendations against prostate-specific antigen screening may have impacted recent prostate cancer disease incidence patterns in the United States across stage, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk groups, and age groups. METHODS: SEER*Stat version 8.3.4 was used to calculate annual prostate cancer incidence rates from 2010 to 2015 for men aged ≥50 years according to American Joint Committee on Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized vs metastatic), NCCN risk group (low vs unfavorable [intermediate or high-risk]), and age group (50-74 years vs ≥75 years). Age-adjusted incidences per 100,000 persons with corresponding year-by-year incidence ratios (IRs) were calculated using the 2000 US Census population. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2015, the incidence (per 100,000 persons) of localized prostate cancer decreased from 195.4 to 131.9 (Ptrend  < .001) and from 189.0 to 123.4 (Ptrend  < .001) among men aged 50-74 and ≥75 years, respectively. The largest relative year-by-year decline occurred between 2011 and 2012 in NCCN low-risk disease (IR, 0.77 [0.75-0.79, P < .0001] and IR 0.68 [0.62-0.74, P < .0001] for men aged 50-74 and ≥75 years, respectively). From 2010-2015, the incidence of metastatic disease increased from 6.2 to 7.1 (Ptrend  < .001) and from 16.8 to 22.6 (Ptrend  < .001) among men aged 50-74 and ≥75 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This report illustrates recent prostate cancer "reverse migration" away from indolent disease and toward more aggressive disease beginning in 2012. The incidence of localized disease declined across age groups from 2012 to 2015, with the greatest relative declines occurring in low-risk disease. Additionally, the incidence of distant metastatic disease increased gradually throughout the study period.

Foreign Body Reaction Requiring Re-Exploration After Tympanoplasty With Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa Reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: We present the first published case of large foreign body reaction to Biodesign (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN), an acellular otologic graft matrix derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa, after use in tympanoplasty surgery in a patient without previous exposure to meat products. METHODS: A single case report of a 39-year-old female who developed tinnitus, ear drainage, and large fibrotic mass in external auditory canal and extending into middle ear after Type I medial graft tympanoplasty with Biodesign Graft. Left endoscopic microdissection and resection of the tympanic membrane and middle ear fibrotic mass were performed. MAIN FINDINGS: Surgical excision of the fibrous mass required extensive microdissection to ensure preservation of the ossicles and chorda tympani. Postoperatively, hearing improved and otalgia and otorrhea resolved. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of post-tympanoplasty reaction with the use of Biodesign acellular porcine graft in a patient with no previous known exposure to meat products. Although this presentation appears to be rare, it reinforces the need for careful patient selection and counseling around the use of porcine or other foreign grafts.

Patient-reported outcomes measures used in facial vascularized composite allotransplantation: A systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (fVCA) is a life-enhancing procedure performed to improve quality of life (QOL). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are tools used to assess QOL from the patients' perspective, and are increasingly recognized as an important clinical metric to assess outcomes of treatment. A systematic literature review was performed to identify and appraise the content of PROMs used in fVCA. METHODS: We searched PUBMED/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science from their inception through to June 2020. Included studies used a PROM in candidates and recipients of fVCA of any gender or age. We excluded abstracts, reviews, editorials, and dissertations. Items from each PROM were extracted and coded, using top-level codes and subcodes, to develop a preliminary conceptual framework of QOL concerns in fVCA, and to guide future PROM selection. RESULTS: Title and abstract screening of 6089 publications resulted in 16 studies that met inclusion criteria. Review of the 16 studies identified 38 PROMs, none of which were developed for fVCA. Review of the coded content for each PROM identified six top-level codes (appearance, facial function, physical, psychological and social health, and experience of care) and 16 subcodes, making up the preliminary conceptual framework. CONCLUSION: There are currently no PROMs designed to measure QOL concerns of fVCA candidates and recipients. Findings from this systematic review will be used to inform an interview guide for use in qualitative interviews to elicit and refine important concepts related to QOL in fVCA.

Predictors of long-term success and failure in primary and revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endo-DCR) is a common treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, little is known about the determinants of surgical success and failure. The purpose of this study was to identify patient- and technique-specific factors that may influence surgical outcomes of primary and revision endo-DCR. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 596 patients who underwent endo-DCR over a 30-year period (1989-2018). Patients' demographics and surgical techniques were assessed. RESULTS: Among the cohort of patients (n = 478) who underwent primary endo-DCR, 10% (n = 48) required revision surgery. Patients who failed primary DCR tended to be younger (p = 0.015) and were less likely to have chronic sinonasal inflammation on histopathology (p = 0.047) than the successful surgery group. After adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities, the occurrence of a postoperative complication was significantly associated with primary DCR failure (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; p = 0.032). Among the cohort of patients (n = 118) who underwent revision endo-DCR, 8.5% (n = 10) required additional revision surgery. Patients who failed revision DCR tended to be younger (p = 0.022), more likely to have had intraoperative laser usage (p = 0.031), and more likely to have had an intraoperative complication (p = 0.013) than the successful revision surgery group. Endo-DCR failure was not associated with smoking status, middle turbinate resection, or intraoperative visualization of the internal common punctum (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: An understanding of factors associated with primary and revision endo-DCR failure can help to inform preoperative counseling, intraoperative surgical technique, and postoperative care in the treatment of patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction.