Effect of physical exercise on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and fatty acids of breast cancer survivors: results from the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial.

PURPOSE: Physical exercise has positive effects on clinical outcomes of breast cancer survivors such as quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, depression, body mass index, and physical fitness. We aimed to study its impact on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and fatty acids (FA) biomarkers. METHODS: An exploratory sub-analysis of the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial (NCT04024280, registered July 18, 2019) was performed. Blood sample collections occurred during the control phase and at eight weeks of the intervention phase. Samples were subjected to complete leukocyte counts, cytokine, and cardiometabolic marker evaluation using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassays, and gas chromatography. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of the 15 participants had body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. We observed a decrease of the plasmatic saturated FA C20:0 [median difference - 0.08% (p = 0.048); mean difference - 0.1 (95%CI - 0.1, - 0.0)], positively associated with younger ages. A tendency to increase the saturated FA C18:0 and the ratio of unsaturated/saturated FA and a tendency to decrease neutrophils (within the normal range) and interferon-gamma were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Positive trends of physical exercise on circulating immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and plasmatic FA were observed. Larger studies will further elucidate the implications of physical exercise on metabolism. These exploratory findings may contribute to future hypothesis-driven research and contribute to meta-analyses.

Polystyrene microplastics exposure modulated the content and the profile of fatty acids in the Cladoceran Daphnia magna.

A growing number of studies has shown that the exposure to microplastics (MPs) of different polymeric compositions can induce diverse adverse effects towards several aquatic species. The vast majority of such studies has been focused on the effects induced by the administration of MPs made by polystyrene (PS; hereafter PS-MPs). However, despite the increase in the knowledge on the potential toxicity of PS-MPs, there is a dearth of information concerning their role in affecting energy resources and/or their allocation. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of 21-days exposure to three concentrations (0.125, 1.25 and 12.5 µg mL-1) of PS-MPs of different sizes (1 and 10 µm) on fatty acids (FAs) profile of the freshwater Cladoceran Daphnia magna. The exposure to the highest tested concentration of PS-MPs induced an overall decrease in D. magna total FAs content, independently of the particle size. Moreover, a change in the accumulation of essential FAs by the diet was noted, with an enhanced synthesis of monounsaturated FAs-rich storage lipids. However, a sort of adaptation to counteract the adverse effects and to re-establish the FAs homeostasis was observed in individuals treated with high PS-MPs concentration, independently of their size. These results indicate that the exposure to PS-MPs could alter the allocation or induce changes in FAs composition in D. magna, with potential long-term consequences on life-history traits of this zooplanktonic species.

Inhibiting SETD7 methyl-transferase activity impairs differentiation, lipid metabolism and lactogenesis in mammary epithelial cells.

SETD7 (SET7/9, KMT7) is a lysine methyltransferase that targets master regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the impact of inhibiting SETD7 catalytic activity on mammary epithelial cell differentiation was studied by focusing on genes associated with epithelial differentiation, lactogenesis, and lipid metabolism in HC11 and EpH4 cell lines. Setd7 mRNA and protein levels were induced upon lactogenic differentiation in both cell lines. Inhibition of SETD7 activity by the compound (R)-PFI-2 increased cell proliferation and downregulated E-cadherin, beta-catenin, lactoferrin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, and beta-casein levels. In addition, inhibition of SETD7 activity affected the lipid profile and altered the mRNA expression of the phospholipid biosynthesis-related genes choline phosphotransferase 1, and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. Altogether, the results suggest that inhibiting SETD7 catalytic activity impairs mammary epithelial and lactogenic differentiation.

Typicality Assessment of Onions (Allium cepa) from Different Geographical Regions Based on the Volatile Signature and Chemometric Tools.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the main agricultural commodities produced and consumed around the world. In the present work, for the first time, the volatile signature of onions from different geographical regions of Madeira Island (Caniço, Santa Cruz, Ribeira Brava, and Porto Moniz) was tested with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME/GC-qMS) and chemometric tools, showing that the volatile signature was affected by the geographical region of cultivation. Sulfur compounds, furanic compounds, and aldehydes are the most dominant chemical groups. Some of the identified volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were detected only in onions cultivated in specific regions; 17 VOMs were only identified in onions cultivated at Caniço, eight in Porto Moniz, two in Santa Cruz, two in Ribeira Brava, while 12 VOMs are common to all samples from the four regions. Moreover, some VOMs belonging to sulfur compounds (dipropyl disulfide, 3-(acetylthio)-2-methylfuran), furanic compounds (dimethylmethoxyfuranone, ethyl furanone, acetyloxy-dimethylfuranone), and lactones (whiskey lactone isomer), could be applied as potential geographical markers of onions, providing a useful tool to authenticate onions by farming regions where the influence of latitude seems to be an important factor for yielding the chemical profile and may contribute to geographical protection of food and simultaneously benefiting both consumers and farmers.