Cycle threshold predicted mortality in a cohort of patients with hematologic malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2.

When a SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test is performed, it may determine an indirect measure of viral load called cycle threshold (Ct). Respiratory samples with Ct <25.0 cycles are considered to contain a high viral load. We aimed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 Ct at diagnosis could predict mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies (lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myeloma) who contracted COVID-19. We included 35 adults with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-qPCR performed at diagnosis. We evaluated mortality due to COVID-19 rather than mortality due to the hematologic neoplasm or all-cause mortality. Twenty-seven (27) patients survived and 8 died. The global mean Ct was 22.8 cycles with a median of 21.7. Among the survivors, the mean Ct was 24.2, and the median Ct value was 22.9 cycles. In the deceased patients, the mean Ct was 18.0 and the median Ct value was 17.0 cycles. Using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, we found a significant difference (p=0.035). SARS-CoV-2 Ct measured in nasal swabs obtained at diagnosis from patients with hematologic malignancies may be used to predict mortality.

SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature.

Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbid-mortality. The prevalence of Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of the present review was to describe the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English language literature published between January 2020 and August 2021 was performed. Studies evaluating patients with confirmed COVID-19 and reporting the simultaneous detection of C. pneumoniae were included. Eleven articles were included in the systematic review (5 case cross-sectional studies and 6 retrospective studies). A total of 18450 patients were included in the eleven studies. The detection of laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae infection varied between 1.78 and 71.4% of the total number of co-infections. The median age of patients ranged from 35 to 71 years old and 65% were male. Most of the studies reported one or more pre-existing comorbidities and the majority of the patients presented with fever, cough and dyspnea. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were described in COVID-19 co-infected patients. The main chest CT scan showed a ground glass density shadow, consolidation and bilateral pneumonia. Most patients received empirical antibiotics. Bacterial co-infection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus 2-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial co-infection. Prospective evidence generation to support the development of an antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required.

ompA Sequencing and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Lymphogranuloma Venereum Cases in Buenos Aires Reveal New Chlamydia trachomatis Genotypes.

Since the Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) outbreak was first described in Buenos Aires in 2017, the detected strains presented peculiar characteristics. Our goal was to increase the understanding of the strains involved in the LGV outbreak in Argentina. We characterized the ompA gene sequences, using Sanger sequencing, of 88 LGV strains from 239 symptomatic patients in Buenos Aires enrolled between 2017 and 2019, and selected 20 C. trachomatis strains for further characterization using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Following the ompA gene analysis of the 88 LGV strains, we detected 43% L2b, 31% L1-like, and 26% L2. Among the 38 L2b samples analyzed, there were 7 distinct sequences, 3 of them not previously reported (L2bv12, L2bv13, and L2bv14). Additionally, we detected a strain with a new mutation (AM884176.1:g.59122A>T) found in the position defining L2 or L2b, proposed as L2i. Using MLST, five different sequence types (STs) were detected, including the ST2 (corresponding to the L1-like strains) and a new one (ST60). ST58 was associated with the concomitant presence of another STI and HIV. A high genetic diversity in C. trachomatis LGV strains in Argentina was observed in a short period of time, with a relatively low number of samples from a limited geographical area.

Cycle threshold predicted mortality in a cohort of patients with hematologic malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2 / El umbral de ciclado predijo la mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes conneoplasias hematológicas infectados con SARS-CoV-2 / Microbiología clinica y enfermedades infecciosas

Abstract When a SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test is performed, it may determine an indirect measureof viral load called cycle threshold (Ct). Respiratory samples with Ct <25.0 cycles are consideredto contain a high viral load. We aimed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 Ct at diagnosis couldpredict mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies (lymphomas, leukemias, multiplemyeloma) who contracted COVID-19. We included 35 adults with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-qPCR performed at diagnosis. We evaluated mortality due to COVID-19 rather than mortalitydue to the hematologic neoplasm or all-cause mortality. Twenty-seven (27) patients survivedand 8 died. The global mean Ct was 22.8 cycles with a median of 21.7. Among the survivors,the mean Ct was 24.2, and the median Ct value was 22.9 cycles. In the deceased patients, themean Ct was 18.0 and the median Ct value was 17.0 cycles. Using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test,we found a significant difference (p = 0.035). SARS-CoV-2 Ct measured in nasal swabs obtainedat diagnosis from patients with hematologic malignancies may be used to predict mortality.

Resumen Cuando se realiza una RT-qPCR para SARS-CoV-2, es posible determinar una medidaindirecta de la carga viral llamada umbral de ciclado (Ct). Las muestras respiratorias con Ct<25,0 ciclos se consideran de alta carga viral. Nos propusimos determinar si el Ct para SARS-CoV-2 al diagnóstico predice la mortalidad en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas (linfomas,leucemias, mielomas) que contrajeron COVID-19. Incluimos 35 adultos con COVID-19 confirmadopor RT-qPCR al diagnóstico. Evaluamos la mortalidad por COVID-19, no la mortalidad por la neo-plasia hematológica o la mortalidad por cualquier causa. De los 35 pacientes, 27 sobrevivierony 8 fallecieron. El Ct global medio fue 22,8 ciclos con una mediana de 21,7 ciclos. Entre lossobrevivientes, el Ct medio fue 24,2 ciclos con una mediana de 22,9 ciclos. Entre los fallecidos,el Ct medio fue 18,0 y el Ct mediano fue 17,0 ciclos. Empleando la prueba de suma de rangosde Wilcoxon, encontramos una diferencia significative (p = 0,035). En pacientes con neoplasiashematológicas infectados con coronavirus, el Ct de SARS-CoV-2 medido en hisopados nasales almomento del diagnóstico podría ser utilizado para predecir la mortalidad.

Prevalencia de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca. Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Prevalence of infection by chlamydia trachomatis in women at Bahia Blanca city. Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Chlamydia trachomatis es considerada actualmente como uno de los agentes más comunes de enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente. En mujeres es causa de uretritis y cervicitis, y puede llevar a complicaciones, tales como enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, embarazo ectópico e infertilidad tubaria. La transmisión al neonato durante el parto puede ocasionar infecciones graves. En el hombre, es responsable de uretritis y epididimitis. Los reportes de la OMS señalan una prevalencia del 4,4 al 6,6%. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de C. trachomatis en mujeres sexualmente activas, atendidas en el Laboratorio del Hospital Municipal de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina) incluyendo las trabajadoras sexuales. Para ello, se utilizó la técnica de amplificación génica, mediante la Reacción de la Polimerasa en Cadena (PCR). Se estudiaron 225 pacientes (140 mujeres sintomáticas y 85 Trabajo Original trabajadoras sexuales que tramitaban su libreta sanitaria). Los estudios demostraron que, en los 225 hisopados endocervicales efectuados, se encontró una tasa de prevalencia total de infección por C. trachomatis del 4,4%, siendo significativamente mayor en mujeres trabajadoras sexuales (8,2%), respecto de las mujeres que no practicaban el comercio sexual (2,2 %) χ2 = 4,62 p = 0,031 OR = 4,10. Estos primeros datos de prevalencia de infección por C. trachomatis en Bahía Blanca, permiten alertar respecto de la necesidad de continuar con otras investigaciones e implementar directivas, para que se incluya la búsqueda de C. trachomatis en mujeres trabajadoras sexuales, cuando solicitan su libreta sanitaria.

At present, Chlamydia trachomatis is considered as one of the most common agents for sexually transmitted diseases. In women, it causes uretritis and cervicitis, and can lead to complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy or tubal infertility. Transmission to the newborn during delivery can cause serious infections. In men, it is responsible for uretritis and epididymitis. WHO reports show a 4.4 to 6.6% prevalence. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of C. trachomatis in sexually active women assisted at the Laboratory of the Municipal Hospital at Bahía Blanca city (Argentina) including sexual workers. For such purpose, the genic amplification technique, by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used. 225 patients were studied (140 symptomatic women and 85 sexual workers who were requesting their health booklet). The studies showed that, in the 225 endocervical swabs performed, a total prevalence infection rate by C. trachomatis of 4.4% was found, being significantly higher in women sexual workers (8.2%), with regard to those women who were not (2.2 %) χ2 = 4,62 p = 0,031 OR = 4,10. These first data on the prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis in Bahía Blanca, allow us to alert on the need to continue with further research and to implement guidelines to include C. trachomatis detection tests in sexual workers when they request their health booklet.