Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Espanha , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are defined as malignant tumours located in the upper aerodigestive tract and represents 5% of oncologic cases in adults in Spain. More than 90% of these tumours have squamous histology. In an effort to incorporate evidence obtained since 2017 publication, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) presents an update of the squamous cell HNC diagnosis and treatment guideline. Most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic changes from the last guideline have been updated: introduction of sentinel node biopsy in early oral/oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery, concomitant radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 in the adjuvant setting, new approaches for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and new treatments with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Alphapapillomavirus , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Oncologia , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/métodos , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/terapia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virologia , Radiossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Sociedades Médicas , Espanha , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologiaRESUMO
Dendritic cell-based (DC-based) vaccines are promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, several factors, such as the lack of efficient targeted delivery and the sources and types of DCs, have limited the efficacy of DCs and their clinical potential. We propose an alternative nanotechnology-based vaccine platform with antibacterial prophylactic abilities that uses gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91-99 peptide (GNP-LLO91-99), which acts as a novel adjuvant for cancer therapy. GNP-LLO91-99, when used to vaccinate mice, exhibited dual antitumour activities, namely, the inhibition of tumour migration and growth and adjuvant activity for recruiting and activating DCs, including those from melanoma patients. GNP-LLO91-99 nanoparticles caused tumour apoptosis and induced antigen- and melanoma-specific cytotoxic Th1 responses (P ≤ 0.5). We propose this adjuvant nanotherapy for preventing the progression of the first stages of melanoma.
Assuntos
Toxinas Bacterianas/química , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/química , Proteínas Hemolisinas/química , Melanoma Experimental/terapia , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Animais , Células CHO , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cricetulus , Feminino , Ouro , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , PeptídeosRESUMO
Capecitabine is the first drug in a new fluoropyrimidine class that offers distinct characteristics. On one hand its oral administration mimics continuous fluorouracil infusion while remaining convenient with higher patient acceptance and compliance rates and avoiding intravenous administration-associated complications and financial costs. On other hand it provides intra-tumour selective activation, thus potentially facilitating local management and therefore improved anti-tumour activity as well as reduced systemic toxicity. The concentration of thymidine phosphorylase an enzyme essential for capecitabine activation in tumour cells increases after exposure to cytotoxics such as taxanes, cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine or vinorelbine, which results in synergistic activity. It has been tried both as monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapy agentsâboth in first-line regimes and in previously treated patients against metastatic colorectal and breast cancer, results being very good in terms of efficacy and tolerability.