Could tranexamic acid be a suitable alternative to cryotherapy for symptomatic cervical ectopy? Results from a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical ectropion occurs due to the eversion of the endocervix that exposes glandular cells to the vaginal milieu. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of effervescent vaginal tablets of tranexamic acid and cryotherapy in women with symptomatic cervical ectopy. METHODS: The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 92 samples of women with cervical erosive ectropion from March 20, 2022 to August 27, 2022. Participants were divided into two groups; the intervention group (n = 46) was treated with a 400 mg effervescent vaginal tablet of tranexamic acid and the control group (n = 46) underwent cryotherapy. All the patients were requested to visit weekly in the first month and then monthly for the next 3 months, and the outcomes encompass improvement of symptoms (leukorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, post-coital bleeding, and suprapubic pain) and cervical erosive ectropion view were monitored based on repeated examinations. RESULTS: In this study, no statistically significant difference was observed in cure rate of symptoms between study groups (P value > 0.05). Women in both the tranexamic acid and cryotherapy groups reported significant improvements in dyspareunia (34 [75%] vs 31 [67%]), pelvic pain (34 [75%] vs 34 [74%]), post-coital bleeding (37 [81%] vs 31 [67%]), leukorrhea (36 [78%] vs 36 [78%]), suprapubic pain (32 [71%] vs 33 [73%]) disappearance of cervical ectropion tranexamic acid (40 [86%], vs 39 [84%]). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlighted the equal effect of tranexamic acid and cryotherapy for treating cervical ectropion. Due to the ease of use, availability, and fewer side effects of tranexamic acid, it can be a suitable alternative to cryotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20220115053719N1. The name of the registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. URL of registration: https://en.irct.ir/trial/61483.

Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection After Hip Arthroplasty; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: One of the worrisome complications of hip arthroplasty is surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SSI after hip arthroplasty. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic exploration was conducted across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, alongside Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search strategy entailed the utilization of Medical Subject Headings-derived keywords such as "Prevalence," "Surgical wound infection," "Surgical site infection," and "Arthroplasty," spanning from the earliest records up to January 1, 2024. Each study's weight was assigned based on its inverse variance. A forest plot visualization was used to assess the studies' heterogeneity. Data on sample size and SSI frequency were compiled for each study to calculate the overall effect size. Results: The study encompassed a cumulative participant cohort of 1,070,638 hip arthroplasty procedures drawn from seventeen selected studies. Notably, the female gender constituted 59.10% of the overall participant demographic. The aggregate SSI among patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was estimated to be 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3% to 2.8%; I2=99.688%; P<0.001). The results of the meta-regression analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of SSIs after hip arthroplasty and the year of publication (Coefficient=-0.0020; 95% CI: -0.0021 to -0.0018; Z=-19.39, P<0.001). Conclusion: The study findings indicated a prevalence rate of 1.9% for SSI following hip arthroplasty. This prevalence underscores the importance of vigilance in infection prevention and management strategies within orthopedic surgery. However, it is essential to acknowledge the variability in SSI prevalence observed across diverse studies, which can be attributed to multifaceted factors, notably variances in patient populations and associated risk factors.

Esophageal chemical burns as a risk factor for esophageal malignancies: in-silico analyses - experimental research.

Introduction: Esophageal chemical burns often occur through accidental or intentional oral consumption of chemical agents and lead to severe complications such as esophageal stricture, acute perforation, and even death. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a squamous epithelium tumor that lines the normal esophagus. Additionally, adenocarcinomas are tumors located at the interface between the distal esophagus and the proximal gastric and divided into esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric-cardia adenocarcinoma. Various conditions, such as chemical burns, are considered risk factors in the disease's pathogenesis. In the in-silico study, the authors aim to present the relationship between chemical burns and esophageal cancer by analyzing bioinformatics genetic data. Methods: The proper gene set was extracted using the 'GEO' database. The string web tool was utilized to form the gene-interaction network. Gephi and Cytoscape software were applied to achieve network analysis. Results: According to in-silico data, 26 genes, including NCAPH, DLGAP5, CCNB1, KIF11, KIAA0101, CDCA5, BIRC5, NUF2, BUB1B, RRM2, TTK, CDC20, NUSAP1, CCNB2, CCNA2, MELK, TPX2, PRC1, KIF4A, CENPF, TOP2A, CDK1, ASPM, CEP55, BUB1, KIF20A were extracted that can be regarded as the most critical shared genes between chemical burns and esophageal cancer. Conclusion: In sum, esophageal chemical burns can be related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Moreover, esophageal chemical burn is an external factor that upregulates present genes and can be regarded as a worsening prognosis or risk factor for esophageal cancer.

Identification of proteins' expression pathway and the effective miRNAs for the treatment of human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. The risk factors for cervical cancer include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, age, smoking, number of pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives, and diet. However, long-term HPV infection appears to be the main risk factor for developing cervical cancer. This in-silico analysis aims to identify the expression network of proteins and the miRNAs that play a role in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Methods: The critical proteins and miRNAs were extracted using the DisGeNET and miRBase databases. String and Gephi were applied to the network analysis. The GTEx web tool was utilized to Identify tissue expression levels. The Enrichr website was used to explore the molecular function and pathways of found genes. Results: Ten proteins, TP53, MYC, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, STAT3, CTNNB1, ESR1, and JUN, were identified as the most critical shared gene network among cervical cancer and HPV. Seven miRNAs were found, including hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-27, hsa-mir-203, hsa-mir-126, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-944, and hsa-mir-93, which have a common expression in cervical cancer and HPV. Conclusion: Overall, the gene network, including TP53, MYC, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, STAT3, CTNNB1, ESR1, and JUN, and Also, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-203, and hsa-mir-126 can be regarded as a gene expression pathway in HPV-induced cervical cancer.

The effect of the ratio of serum progesterone level to oocyte count on the day of IVF-ICSI injection on pregnancy outcomes in HCG cycles.

BACKGROUND: There has been several discussion and debates regarding the possible setremental influence of elevated serum progesterone (SP) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Our study aims to assess progestron to oocyte rates for assessing CPR and live birth rate (LBR) in IVF cycles and review previous articles. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, women under ovulation induction through IVF-ICSI using the GnRH-antagonist protocol were studied. Five specific indicators were considered to assess pregnancy outcome. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. RESULTS: In the present research, 78 patients underwent IVF. The cut-off points for each of the three parameters were 1.2 (with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 54%), 6.5 (with a sensitivity of 73.1% and a specificity of 56%), and 0.16 (with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 60%, respectively). Only the number of oocytes (area below the curve of 0.64) was able to predict clinical pregnancy. The cut-off point for this parameter was 6.5 (with a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 66%). On the other hand, none of the parameters were able to predict live birth. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study should assist in the clinical management of patients with high SP on the day of HCG administration. We recommend, that the ratio of SP to oocyte is a useful parameter for refining the criteria of patients who have had embryo freezing of all embryos (by selective freezing) and subsequent transfer of frozen embryos.

Adverse Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the increase in the age of marriage, early marriage and subsequent adolescent pregnancy remain a serious problem in many regions and societies. Due to low evidence in this regard, this study was conducted to determine the health consequences of adolescent pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study. METHODS: The present study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Ayatollah Mousavi hospital of Zanjan for delivery in 2021. Pregnant women with gestational age less than 19 years were considered as the case group and those with gestational age between 19-35 years as the control group. The pregnancy outcomes on the mother and the neonate were obtained through the researcher-made checklist. Chi-square test and student's t-test were used to compare variables between the two groups. RESULTS: In this study, 169 adolescent and 258 adult mothers were compared as the case and control groups, respectively. The mean age of cases and controls was 17.41±1.22 and 30.66±6.46 years, respectively. Cesarean delivery (34.5% vs. 23.67%, P=0.017) and anemia during pregnancy (16.28% vs. 10.7%, P=0.005) were significantly higher in the control group, while mood disorder after delivery was significantly higher in the case group (11.24% vs. 5.84%, P=0.04). The Apgar score 5 minutes after birth and birth weight were significantly higher in mothers of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that adolescent mothers are more prone to postpartum depression, and babies born to these mothers are more prone to low birth weight and a low Apgar score. Therefore, adolescent pregnancy should be managed as a high-risk pregnancy.

Efficacy of Ibuprofen Lysine on First-Trimester AbortionRelated Pain and Hemorrhage: A Randomized TripleBlinded Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Some recent trials have reported high efficacy for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in relieving medical abortion-related pain. The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of oral NSAIDs (ibuprofen lysine) in reduction of pain and hemorrhage in first-trimester medical abortion. METHODS: This randomized triple-blinded clinical trial was performed on 98 pregnant women who were candidate for medical abortion within the first-trimester period (gestational age<12 weeks). The participants were randomly assigned to receive ibuprofen lysine (684 mg orally every 4 hours) or placebo. All patients were initially treated with misoprostol (800 µg every 3 hours). Pain intensity and rate of hemorrhage were assessed every hour up to 15 hours after receiving the first dose of misoprostol by visual analogue scaling (VAS) and pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC), respectively. RESULTS: Assessing the mean pain score within 15 hours of receiving misoprostol showed significantly lower pain intensity within the first 10 hours of assessment in the group receiving NSAID in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). The bleeding rate was also significantly lower in the NSAID group at the fifth (P=0.013) and ninth (P=0.040) hour of receiving misoprostol compared to the control group. We found no difference in abortion-related complication rate between the NSAID and placebo groups (8.3% versus 8.0%, P=0.952). CONCLUSION: The use of NSAIDs (ibuprofen lysine) is a good pharmacological analgesic option for relieving medical abortionrelated pain and hemorrhage.