RESUMO
BACKGROUND: COPD is a frequent severe illness that increasingly affects females. Gender inequalities have been reported in COPD care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze decision-making in primary care for men and women with identical COPD as a function of the gender of the family physician (FP). METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter study in 457 Andalusian FPs, using a self-administered vignette-based questionnaire on COPD featuring a male or female patient, with four variables on clinical reasoning: "tobacco as most important risk factor (RF)", "ordering of spirometry", "COPD as most likely diagnosis", and "referral". Multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 67.4% (308/457). In analysis of the four FP gender-patient gender dyads, tobacco was more frequently considered as priority RF for the man than for the woman in the vignette by female (95.6%vs.67.1%) and male (79.8%vs.62.5%) FPs. COPD was more frequently the most likely diagnosis for the man versus woman by female (84.4%vs.49.9%) and male (78.5%vs.57.8%) FPs. Male FPs more frequently ordered spirometry for the man versus woman (68.1%vs.46.8%). There were no differences in referral between male and female patients. Male FPs were more likely than female FPs to consider tobacco as priority RF for the man (p = 002). Female FPs were more likely than male FPs to refer the man (22.5%vs.8%). CONCLUSIONS: There may be gender inequalities in primary care for COPD in our setting. Diagnostic and therapeutic efforts appear lower in female patients. Male and female FPs only differed in care of the male patient, indicating FP gender-patient gender interaction.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões/ética , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Sexismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Espirometria/métodos , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Recursos Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been identified differences of medical care practice in primary care related to physician's sex. Simultaneously, there are gender inequalities in the assignment of health resources. Both aspects give rise to an increasing growing interest in the management and provision of health services. OBJECTIVES: To examine the differences in the referral practice made by female and male primary care physicians working in health centers in Andalusia, to consider whether there are disparities in referrals received by men and women, and to examine the interaction between patient's sex and physician's sex. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter study. POPULATION: 4 health districts in Andalucía and their physicians. SAMPLE: 382 physicians. MEASUREMENTS: referral rate per visit (RV), referral rate per patient quota (RQ), patient's sex, physician: sex, age, postgraduate family medicine specialty, size of the patient quota by sex, mean number of patients/day by sex, mean age of the patient quota by sex, and proportion of men in the quota. Health center: urban / rural, size of the team, enrolled population, and postgraduate family medicine specialty's accreditation. SOURCES: databases of health districts. PERIOD OF STUDY: 2010. ANALYSIS: Bivariate and multivariate multilevel analysis of the referral rate per visit with mixed Poisson model. RESULTS: In 2010 382 physicians made 129,161 referrals to specialized care. The RQ was 23.47 and the RV was 4.92. The RQ in women and men was 27.23 and 19.78 for women physicians, being 27.37 and 19.51 for male physicians. The RV in women and men was 4.92 and 5.48 for women physicians, being 4.54 and 4.93 for male physicians. CONCLUSION: There are no differences in referral according to physician's sex. However, there are signs that might indicate the existence of gender inequality, and women patient received less referrals. There are no physician-patient's sex interaction.
Assuntos
Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Espanha , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify patient expectations of clinical decision-making at consultations with their general practitioners for distinct health problems and to determine the patient and general practitioner characteristics related to these expectations, with special focus on gender. METHODS: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study in 360 patients who were interviewed at home. Data on patients' sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and satisfaction were gathered. General practitioners supplied information on their gender and postgraduate training in family medicine. A questionnaire was used to collect data on patients' expectations that their general practitioner <