Recent advances in synthetic strategies and SAR of thiazolidin-4-one containing molecules in cancer therapeutics.

Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases accountable for millions of demises globally. The inadequate effectiveness of the existing chemotherapy and its harmful effects has resulted in the necessity of developing innovative anticancer agents. Thiazolidin-4-one scaffold is among the most important chemical skeletons that illustrate anticancer activity. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been the subject of extensive research and current scientific literature reveals that these compounds have shown significant anticancer activities. This manuscript is an earnest attempt to review novel thiazolidin-4-one derivatives demonstrating considerable potential as anticancer agents along with a brief discussion of medicinal chemistry-related aspects of these compounds and structural activity relationship studies in order to develop possible multi-target enzyme inhibitors. Most recently, various synthetic strategies have been developed by researchers to get various thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. In this review, the authors highlight the various synthetic, green, and nanomaterial-based synthesis routes of thiazolidin-4-ones as well as their role in anticancer activity by inhibition of various enzymes and cell lines. The detailed description of the existing modern standards in the field presented in this article may be interesting and beneficial to the scientists for further exploration of these heterocyclic compounds as possible anticancer agents.

Unveiling the crucial role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in secondary diabetic complications.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with secondary complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy (DN), and cardiomyopathy (DCM), all of which significantly impact patient health. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction, both crucial in the pathogenesis of these complications. The goal of this review is to investigate at potential therapy methods that target ICAM-1 pathways and to better understand the multifaceted role of ICAM-1 in secondary diabetic problems. A meticulous analysis of scholarly literature published globally was conducted to examine ICAM-1involvement in inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress related to diabetes and its complications. Elevated ICAM-1 levels are strongly associated with augmented leukocyte adhesion, compromised microvascular function, and heightened oxidative stress in diabetes. These pathways contribute significantly to DR, DN, and DCM pathogenesis, highlighting ICAM-1 as a key player in their progression. Understanding ICAM-1 role in secondary diabetic complications offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting ICAM-1 pathways may mitigate inflammation, improve endothelial function, and ultimately attenuate diabetic complications, thereby enhancing patient health outcomes. Continued research in this area is crucial for developing effective targeted therapies.

A comprehensive quality control and cost comparison study of branded and generic angiotensin receptor blockers.

This study was designed to assess both the quality and cost aspects of various branded and generic formulations of angiotensin receptor blockers, specifically Irbesartan, Losartan Potassium, Olmesartan Medoxomil, Telmisartan, and Valsartan. The collected samples underwent distinct quality evaluations using the methods outlined in different global Pharmacopoeias (British Pharmacopoeia/European Pharmacopoeia, Indian Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopoeia). These drugs were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques, while their quality and concentration were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The release profile of the drugs was examined through dissolution testing. Additionally, a cost comparison analysis was carried out by determining the prevailing market prices of the drugs. The evaluated branded and generic angiotensin receptor blockers were found to meet the established standards for impurities, active drug content, and dissolution as set by these Pharmacopoeias, indicating their optimal quality. Notably, the generic drugs exhibited significantly lower costs compared to their branded counterparts. This study confirms that the quality of generic angiotensin receptor blockers is equivalent to that of their branded counterparts. Consequently, these findings support the practicality of utilizing generic drugs as a more economically sustainable and cost-effective approach to managing diseases, especially those of chronic nature.

Recent advances in microbial toxin-related strategies to combat cancer.

It is a major concern to treat cancer successfully, due to the distinctive pathophysiology of cancer cells and the gradual manifestation of resistance. Specific action, adverse effects and development of resistance has prompted the urgent requirement of exploring alternative anti-tumour treatment therapies. The naturally derived microbial toxins as a therapy against cancer cells are a promisingly new dimension. Various important microbial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin, Vibrio cholera toxin, Aflatoxin, Patulin, Cryptophycin-55, Chlorella are derived from several bacterial, fungal and algal species. These agents act on different biotargets such as inhibition of protein synthesis, reduction in cell growth, regulation of cell cycle and many cellular processes. Bacterial toxins produce actions primarily by targeting protein moieties and some immunomodulation and few acts through DNA. Fungal toxins appear to have more DNA damaging activity and affect the cell cycle. Algal toxins produce alteration in mitochondrial phosphorylation. In conclusion, microbial toxins and their metabolites appear to have a great potential to provide a promising option for the treatment and management to combat cancer.

Solanum nigrum L. in COVID-19 and post-COVID complications: a propitious candidate.

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has changed the world scenario and caused mortality around the globe. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 have shown neurological, psychological, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological complications. In some patients, complications lasted more than 6 months. However, significantly less attention has been given to post-COVID complications. Currently available drugs are used to tackle the complications, but new interventions must address the problem. Phytochemicals from natural sources have been evaluated in recent times to cure or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. An edible plant, Solanum nigrum, could be therapeutic in treating COVID-19 as the AYUSH ministry of India prescribes it during the pandemic. S. nigrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral action to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-complications. Different parts of the plant represent a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and prevent multi-organ failure by protecting various organs (liver, kidney, heart, neuro, and lung). The review proposes the possible role of the plant S. nigrum in managing the symptoms of COVID-19 and its post-COVID complications based on in silico docking and pharmacological studies. Further systematic and experimental studies are required to validate our hypothesis.

Acinetobacter baumannii in suspected bacterial infections: Association between multidrug resistance, virulence genes, & biofilm production.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen with a tendency of high antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of A. baumannii from different clinical specimens of suspected bacterial infections and furthermore to see the association of biofilm production with multidrug resistance and expression of virulence factor genes in A. baumannii. METHODS: A. baumannii was confirmed in clinical specimens by the detection of the blaOXA-51-like gene. Biofilm production was tested by microtitre plate assay and virulence genes were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: A. baumannii was isolated from a total of 307 clinical specimens. The isolate which showed the highest number of A. baumannii was an endotracheal tube specimen (44.95%), then sputum (19.54%), followed by pus (17.26%), urine (7.49%) and blood (5.86%), and <2 per cent from body fluids, catheter-tips and urogenital specimens. A resistance rate of 70-81.43 per cent against all antibiotics tested, except colistin and tigecycline, was noted, and 242 (78.82%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Biofilm was detected in 205 (66.78%) with a distribution of 54.1 per cent weak, 10.42 per cent medium and 2.28 per cent strong biofilms. 71.07 per cent of MDR isolates produce biofilm (P<0.05). Amongst virulence factor genes, 281 (91.53%) outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and 98 (31.92%) biofilm-associated protein (Bap) were detected. Amongst 100 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, the blaOXA-23-like gene was predominant (96%), the blaOXA-58-like gene (6%) and none harboured the blaOXA-24-like gene. The metallo-ß-lactamase genes blaIMP-1 (4%) and blaVIM-1(8%) were detected, and 76 per cent showed the insertion sequence ISAba1. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS: The majority of isolates studied were from lower respiratory tract specimens. The high MDR rate and its positive association with biofilm formation indicate the nosocomial distribution of A. baumannii. The biofilm formation and the presence of Bap were not interrelated, indicating that biofilm formation was not regulated by a single factor. The MDR rate and the presence of OmpA and Bap showed a positive association (P<0.05). The isolates co-harbouring different carbapenem resistance genes were the predominant biofilm producers, which will seriously limit the therapeutic options suggesting the need for strict antimicrobial stewardship and molecular surveillance in hospitals.

Role of ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis in post-COVID-19 complications and its dietary modulation.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) virus uses Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a gateway for their entry into the human body. The ACE2 with cleaved products have emerged as major contributing factors to multiple physiological functions and pathogenic complications leading to the clinical consequences of the COVID-19 infection Decreased ACE2 expression restricts the viral entry into the human cells and reduces the viral load. COVID-19 infection reduces the ACE2 expression and induces post-COVID-19 complications like pneumonia and lung injury. The modulation of the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas (AAM) axis is also being explored as a modality to treat post-COVID-19 complications. Evidence indicates that specific food components may modulate the AAM axis. The variations in the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and the post-COVID its complications are being correlated with varied dietary habits. Some of the food substances have emerged to have supportive roles in treating post-COVID-19 complications and are being considered as adjuvants to the COVID-19 therapy. It is possible that some of their active ingredients may emerge as the direct treatment for the COVID-19.

Systemic study of selected histone deacetylase inhibitors in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is mainly characterized by wasting of skeletal muscles and fat and body weight loss, along with severe complications of major organs like liver, heart, brain and bone. There can be diminishing performance of these major organs as cancer cachexia progresses, one such drastic effect on the cardiac system. In the present study, differential effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia is studied. Two models were used to induce cancer cachexia: B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and Lewis lung carcinoma cell - induced cancer cachexia. Potential of Class I HDACi entinostat, Class II HDACi MC1568, and nonspecific HDACi sodium butyrate on cardiac complications were evaluated using the cardiac hypertrophy markers, hemodynamic markers, and cardiac markers along with histopathological evaluation of heart sections by Periodic acid-Schiff staining, Masson's trichrome staining, Picro-sirius red staining, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry evaluation by vimentin and caspase 3 protein expression was evaluated. Entinostat showed promising results by attenuating the cardiac complications, and MC1568 treatment further exacerbated the cardiac complications, while non-conclusive effect were recorded after treatment with sodium butyrate. This study will be helpful in evaluating other HDACi for potential in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia.

Complex Mutation Pattern of Omicron BA.2: Evading Antibodies without Losing Receptor Interactions.

BA.2, a sublineage of Omicron BA.1, is now prominent in many parts of the world. Early reports have indicated that BA.2 is more infectious than BA.1. To gain insight into BA.2 mutation profile and the resulting impact of mutations on interactions with receptor and/or monoclonal antibodies, we analyzed available sequences, structures of Spike/receptor and Spike/antibody complexes, and conducted molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that BA.2 had 50 high-prevalent mutations, compared to 48 in BA.1. Additionally, 17 BA.1 mutations were not present in BA.2. Instead, BA.2 had 19 unique mutations and a signature Delta variant mutation (G142D). The BA.2 had 28 signature mutations in Spike, compared to 30 in BA.1. This was due to two revertant mutations, S446G and S496G, in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), making BA.2 somewhat similar to Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT), which had G446 and G496. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that the RBD consisting of G446/G496 was more stable than S446/S496 containing RBD. Thus, our analyses suggested that BA.2 evolved with novel mutations (i) to maintain receptor binding similar to WT, (ii) evade the antibody binding greater than BA.1, and (iii) acquire mutation of the Delta variant that may be associated with the high infectivity.

Therapeutic opportunities of edible antiviral plants for COVID-19.

The pandemic of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces corona virus disease (COVID-19) has challenged the entire mankind by rapidly spreading globally in 210 countries affecting over 25 million people and about 1 million deaths worldwide. It continues to spread, afflicting the health system globally. So far there is no remedy for the ailment and the available antiviral regimens have been unsatisfactory for the clinical outcomes and the mode of treatment has been mainly supportive for the prevention of COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality. From the time immortal the traditional plant-based ethno-medicines have provided the leads for the treatment of infectious diseases. Phytopharmaceuticals have provided potential and less toxic antiviral drugs as compared to conventional modern therapeutics which are associated with severe toxicities. The ethnopharmacological knowledge about plants has provided food supplements and nutraceuticals as a promise for prevention and treatment of the current pandemic. In this review article, we have attempted to comprehend the information about the edible medicinal plant materials with potential antiviral activity specifically against RNA virus which additionally possess property to improve immunity along with external and internal respiration and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties for the prevention and treatment of the disease. This will open an arena for the development of novel nutraceutical herbal formulations as an alternative therapy that can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Current targets and drug candidates for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host cell-binding site for SAR-CoV-2, poses two-fold drug development problems. First, the role of ACE2 itself is still a matter of investigation, and no specific drugs are available targeting ACE2. Second, as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with ACE2, there is an impairment of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involved in the functioning of vital organs like the heart, kidney, brain, and lungs. In developing antiviral drugs for COVID-19, ACE2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and the specific enzymes involved in the viral and cellular gene expression have been the primary targets. SARS-CoV-2 being a new virus with unusually high mortality, there has been a need to get medicines in an emergency, and the drug repurposing has been a primary strategy. Considering extensive mortality and morbidity throughout the world, we have made a maiden attempt to discover the drugs interacting with RAS and identify the lead compounds from herbal plants using molecular docking. Both host ACE2 and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and ORF8 appear to be the primary targets for the treatment of COVID-19. While the drug repurposing of currently approved drugs seems to be one strategy for the treatment of COVID-19, purposing phytochemicals may be another essential strategy for discovering lead compounds. Using in silico molecular docking, we have identified a few phytochemicals that may provide insights into designing herbal and synthetic therapeutics to treat COVID-19.

Selective inhibition of HDAC2 by magnesium valproate attenuates cardiac hypertrophy.

The regulatory paradigm in cardiac hypertrophy involves alterations in gene expression that is mediated by chromatin remodeling. Various data suggest that class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) play opposing roles in the regulation of hypertrophic pathways. To address this, we tested the effect of magnesium valproate (MgV), an HDAC inhibitor with 5 times more potency on class I HDACs. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by partial abdominal aortic constriction in Wistar rats, and at the end of 6 weeks, we evaluated hypertrophic, hemodynamic, and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial DNA concentration. Treatment with MgV prevented cardiac hypertrophy, improved hemodynamic functions, prevented oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial DNA concentration. MgV treatment also increased the survival rate of the animals as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Improvement in hypertrophy due to HDAC inhibition was further confirmed by HDAC mRNA expression studies, which revealed that MgV decreases expression of pro-hypertrophic HDAC (i.e., HDAC2) without altering the expression of anti-hypertrophic HDAC5. Selective class I HDAC inhibition is required for controlling cardiac hypertrophy. Newer HDAC inhibitors that are class I inhibitors and class II promoters can be designed to obtain "pan" or "dual" natural HDAC "regulators".

Role and Relevance of Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertension Related Co-morbidities.

Despite maintaining mean blood pressure at optimal levels, cardiovascular complications still occur in hypertensive patients. Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been implicated as a prominent factor responsible for incurring this additional risk. In this review we attempted to generate a consensus on the importance of BPV in the hypertension management and to evaluate different therapeutic options available to reduce BPV. Panel comprising of 11 leading experts from India in different areas of clinical practice (including nephrology, diabetes and endocrinology, cardiology, and critical care medicine) was convened. The board reviewed up to date literature on BPV, shared personal experiences from their clinical practice, and debated their opinions on the significance of BPV in hypertension management and also on various therapeutic options available to control it. The reviewers agreed that BPV is frequently observed in hypertensive individuals and it is a critical factor in hypertension management. Blood pressure variability can be measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, home blood pressure monitoring, and office blood pressure monitoring. Members concurred that variations in blood pressure that are 10 standard deviations above the mean blood pressure should be considered as pathologically significant and such variations should be reduced using pharmacological therapies. The board opined that Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers,Calcium Channel Blockers etc such as Olmesartan, Nifedipine can be used to reduce BPV. As a way forward, the panel recommends to bridge the evidence gap that establishes a possible direct relationship between BPV and cardiovascular complications. Blood pressure variability has paramount role in the current hypertension management scenario. To reduce disease burden and increase quality of life of hypertensive individuals, physicians should consider lowering BPV along with physiological BP levels.

Effect of flavonoid rich fraction of Tephrosiapurpurea (Linn.) Pers. on complications associated with streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes mellitus.

Globally, diabetes is a serious health issue affecting one in 11 adults and consumes 12% of global health expenditure. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetes is not uncommon since decades. Further, patients with type II diabetes have 2-4 folds more risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plants with antioxidant potential are known to have beneficial effects in diabetes and its complications: Natural compounds, flavonoids particularly, ameliorate hyperglycemia as well as CVD. Here, we evaluated common wasteland weed Tephrosia purpurea, used traditionally as folk medicine to treat many disorders including diabetes. We studied the effect of 8-wk treatment of flavonoid-rich fraction of T. purpurea (FFTp) (40 mg/kg/day/p.o.) on various biochemical, cardiovascular and lenticular parameters on streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg, i.v.) induced type I diabetic rats. STZ administration produced significant hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and altered cardiac biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase and reduced antioxidants in lenticular tissues of rats. Treatment with FFTp significantly prevented STZ-induced hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia as well as cardiovascular markers. We observed decreased rate of pressure development (+dp/dt) and decay (-dp/dt) in STZ diabetic hearts which was prevented by FFTp. Further, the soluble protein levels and the antioxidants were also elevated in the diabetic rats by the treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that FFTp produces beneficial effects on diabetes induced cardiovascular complications and cataract. Such beneficial actions may be attributed to the antioxidant property of flavonoids, quercetin or rutin, present in T. purpurea.

Alteration in the expression of exon IIC transcripts of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene by simvastatin [correction of simvastain] in chronic mild stress in mice: a possible link with dopaminergic pathway.

We have investigated the influence of dopaminergic agents on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in relation with lipid levels in chronic mild stress (CMS). Mice subjected to CMS were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, per os (orally)) along with bromocriptine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)), levodopa (200 mg/kg, ip), or haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, ip) for 14 days. CMS produced a decrease in sucrose intake and an increase in serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which were prevented by simvastatin. This was greater when it was combined with bromocriptine or levodopa. Haloperidol significantly prevented the simvastatin-induced increase in sucrose intake but not the alterations in lipids. There was an upregulation in the expression of BDNF exon-IIA and -IIB transcripts by CMS but not the exon-IIC transcripts. Simvastatin could increase expression of exon-IIC transcripts in stressed mice. This was partially increased by bromocriptine. Haloperidol significantly prevented simvastatin-induced increase in expression of BDNF exon-IIC transcripts. The results showed a positive correlation between expression of BDNF exon-IIC transcripts and sucrose intake. In conclusion, our data suggest the involvement of lipid levels and BDNF exon-IIC transcripts in CMS-induced behaviour in mice, possibly through the dopaminergic system.

Cinematherapy for Depression: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Films in Mental Health Treatment.

Cinematherapy is an innovative therapeutic approach that leverages the emotional and psychological impact of films to aid in the treatment of depression. This article delves into the theoretical underpinnings of cinematherapy, its applications in managing depressive symptoms, and the potential benefits it offers to individuals struggling with depression. By integrating cinematic elements such as narrative, character development, and emotional engagement, cinematherapy facilitates emotional processing, insight, and healing within therapeutic contexts. This article examines how cinematherapy can complement traditional therapeutic modalities, providing a unique and engaging means of addressing depressive symptoms. The future of cinematherapy in treating depression lies in the utilization of digital technologies, including virtual reality and artificial intelligence, to create personalized and immersive therapeutic experiences. This article underscores the promise of cinematherapy as a valuable tool in mental health care, offering a novel approach to fostering emotional well-being and alleviating depression.

From Evidence to Practice: A Comprehensive Analysis of Side Effects in Synthetic Anti-Depressant Therapy.

Depression, a pervasive mental health disorder, affects millions worldwide, necessitating the widespread use of synthetic anti-depressant medications. While these pharmaceutical interventions have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms, they are not without their associated side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the side effects of synthetic anti-depressants, aiming to enhance the understanding of their clinical implications. Common side effects explored include gastrointestinal disturbances, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, weight gain, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, this review delves into less frequent but potentially severe adverse events, such as serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia, and cardiac complications associated with specific classes of synthetic anti-depressants. Moreover, the review examines the interplay between side effects and treatment adherence, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing these effects in clinical practice. It also discusses strategies to mitigate side effects, including dose adjustments, combination therapy, and alternative treatment approaches. In conclusion, this comprehensive review sheds light on the multifaceted landscape of side effects associated with synthetic anti-depressants. By providing clinicians with a nuanced understanding of these effects, it aims to facilitate informed decision-making, personalized treatment plans, and improved patient outcomes in managing depression.

Retrospective analysis of neoplasms in patients using angiotensin receptor blockers.

In recent years, regulatory agencies have raised concerns about the presence of potentially carcinogenic substances in certain formulations of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Specifically, nitrosamines and azido compounds have been identified in some ARB products. Nitrosamines are known to have carcinogenic properties and are associated with an increased risk of neoplasms. Spontaneous safety reports from the EudraVigilance Data Analysis System (EVDAS) database were analyzed to investigate cases of neoplasms associated with ARBs. A disproportionality analysis was conducted, calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a case/non-case approach for each ARB drug. The EVDAS database contained 68,522 safety reports related to ARBs (including Azilsartan, Candesartan, Irbesartan, Olmesartan, Losartan, Valsartan, and Telmisartan), among which 3,396 (5%) cases were associated with neoplasms. The majority of these cases were reported in Germany (11.9%), followed by France (9.7%). Approximately 70% of the reports were submitted by healthcare professionals such as physicians and nurses. Among the ARBs, valsartan had the highest ROR for neoplasm (ROR 1.949, 95% CI 1.857-2.046). This association remained significant when comparing ARBs with other classes of antihypertensive drugs, including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Our study identifies a possible signal of an association between ARBs, particularly valsartan, and the risk of neoplasms. However, further observational and analytical studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Herbal Insights: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Indian Dietary Herbs in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Management.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a substantial healthcare challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review delves into the evolving role of traditional Indian dietary herbs in managing DCM, aiming to shed light on their potential contributions. METHODS: A comprehensive examination of the existing body of literature was conducted, synthesizing data from studies exploring the effects of various Indian dietary herbs on DCM. Molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles were scrutinized to establish a holistic perspective on their therapeutic potential. RESULTS: The review illuminates the multifaceted benefits of Indian dietary herbs in DCM management. These herbs have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating cardiac dysfunction, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammatory responses. Molecular insights highlight their role in the intricate signaling pathways underlying DCM. Furthermore, their safety profiles render them promising candidates for adjunct therapy. CONCLUSION: Indian dietary herbs emerge as promising allies in the battle against DCM, offering a holistic approach to the management of this intricate condition. Their cardioprotective effects, coupled with their ability to address the underlying molecular mechanisms, herald a new era in DCM therapy. This review underscores the need for further research to harness the potential of these herbs fully and provides a beacon of hope for individuals affected by DCM.