RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to review epidemiological studies on the association between chronic exposures to road traffic noise and prevalence of arterial hypertension as well as blood pressure by using meta-analyses. METHODS: A systematic literature search in the databases Medline® and Web of science™ as well as the database OpenGrey was conducted to identify suitable studies, namely epidemiological observational studies assessing objective exposures to road traffic noise at the subject's home place with analysis of their potential associations with arterial hypertension or blood pressure. Whenever possible, overall effects for the different relationships were estimated with meta-analyses. For statistical analyses R for windows was used. RESULTS: A total of 31 eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted for potential association between road traffic noise and prevalence of arterial hypertension in adults and for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults and children. There was a significant (p<0.01) increase of risk for arterial hypertension in adults when exposed to chronic road traffic noise with an increment of 7% per 5 dB(A). Overall effects for systolic blood pressure were positive but weak for children as well as adults without any statistical significance. For diastolic blood pressure there appeared to be no relationship with chronic exposure to road traffic noise in either of the two groups. CONCLUSION: Considering the multiple methodological limitations of studies examined as well as the high level of heterogeneity in all random effects models, the estimated overall effects must be interpreted with caution. To examine potential associations between road traffic noise and arterial hypertension or measured blood pressure appropriately, more prospective cohort studies are necessary with precise assessments of noise exposure as well as clinical endpoints and with adjustments for relevant cofactors.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Ruído dos Transportes , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Exposição Ambiental , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Alemanha , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Ruído dos Transportes/efeitos adversos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Large animal study. OBJECTIVE: Create a thoracic hyperkyphotic deformity in an immature porcine spine, so that future researchers may use this model to validate spinal instrumentation and other therapies used in the treatment of hyperkyphosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although several scoliotic animal models have been developed, there have been no reports of a thoracic hyperkyphotic animal model creation in an immature animal. The present study was designed to produce a porcine hyperkyphotic model by the time the pig weighed 25 kg, which corresponds to the approximate weight of a child undergoing surgery for early-onset scoliosis (EOS). METHODS: Successful surgical procedures were performed in 6 consecutive 10-kg (male, 5-week-old) immature Yorkshire pigs. Procedure protocol consisted of 1) a left thoracotomy at T10-T11, 2) screw placement at T9 and T11, 3) partial vertebrectomy at T10, 4) posterior interspinous ligament transection, and 5) placement of wire loop around screws and tightening. Weekly x-ray imaging was performed preoperatively and postoperatively, documenting progressively increasing kyphosis as the pig grew. Necropsy was performed 5-6 weeks after surgery, with CT, slab section, and histologic analysis. RESULTS: Average T9-T11 kyphosis (measured by sagittal Cobb angle) was 6.1° ± 1.4° (mean ± SD) preoperatively, 30.5° ± 1.0° immediately postoperation, and significantly increased to 50.3° ± 7.2° (p < .0001) over 5-6 weeks in 6 consecutive pigs at time of necropsy. CONCLUSIONS: An animal model of relatively more rigid-appearing thoracic hyperkyphotic deformities in immature pigs has been created. Subsequent studies addressing management of early-onset kyphosis with spinal instrumentation are now possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cifose , Suínos , Animais , Masculino , Vértebras TorácicasRESUMO
As part of its mission to advance the technological capabilities of its products, Ovid introduced a redesign of its database platform in fall 2007. The platform redesign brought new features and enhancements to an already robust system. The transition between Ovid Gateway and the OvidSP platform was orchestrated seamlessly. With the OvidSP platform came innovative changes such as the incorporation of Natural Language Processing associated with the new Basic Search mode. Discussed are OvidSP features, advantages and disadvantages of the new platform, customizable settings, and future direction.