Synthesis of Benzothiophene-Fused Oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic Skeletons through a Cinchonidine- or NaOH-Promoted Quadruple Domino Sequence.

Two base-promoted quadruple domino reactions between thioaurones and allylic phosphonium salts have been developed to synthesize benzothiophene-fused oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeletons in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity and broad functional-group tolerance. This is a simple and useful protocol for the rapid construction of the umbrella-like oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeleton.

A large stokes-shifted fluorescent dye synthesized as a new probe for the determination of protein.

A novel fluorescent dye, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-((E)-2-(3-benzothiazol-2yl-9-ethyl-carbazole-3yl)vinyl) pyridinium bromide, was synthesized for determination of protein and its structure was characterized by (1)H NMR. Photophysics of the new probe in different solvents has been delineated in this paper, the new fluorescent molecular dye exhibited a large stokes-shifted and fluorescence quantum yields in organic solvent. The photostability and thermostability of the new dye were also studied and the results suggested the stable was excellent. The interactions of the dye with bovine serum albumin (BSA) , Human serumal bumin (HSA) and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) were studied by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The binding constant for BSA, HSA and DNA were calculated to be 8.91 × 10(7), 1.86 × 10(6) and 2.9 × 10(4), respectively. The experimental results indicated a potential value of the new dye for biomarker.

Spectra, stability and labeling of 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-4-(2-(N-ethyl-carbazole-3-yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift.

Carbazole and its derivatives have been widely utilized as a functional building block in the fabrication of the organic medicine, pesticides, materials, etc., because of their excellent solubility, stability and biological activity. In this paper, 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-4-(2-(N-ethyl-carbazole-3-yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift was synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR and MS. The UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in different solvents and at different pH values were investigated preliminarily. The photostability and thermostability were also studied and the results showed that the compound was stable. The compound was also used to label bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus (ct)DNA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity is enhanced when labeling with BSA and the binding ability is stronger than ctDNA, making it may be used as a biological probe.

Properties, theoretical study and crystal structure of 3-benzothiazole-9-ethyl carbazole.

The title compound of 3-benzothiazole-9-ethyl carbazole was synthesized by the reaction of 3-aldehyde-9-ethyl carbazole and 2-aminothiophenol. The compound was characterized by (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Its crystal structure was obtained and determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the crystal belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system and the cell parameters of space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) were a = 5.6626 (12) Å, b = 12.606 (3) Å, c = 22.639 (5) Å, α = 90°, ß = 90°, γ = 90°, V = 1616.0 (6) Å(3) , Z = 4, Dc = 1.350 mg/m(3) . The UV-vis and fluorescence spectra were also studied preliminarily. The fluorescence spectra of the title compound with bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed that BSA could be marked with the compound and the stability constant between them was 0.82 × 10(7)  M(-1) . Meanwhile, the crystal and molecule were theoretically surveyed by density functional tight-binding (DFTB). The results showed that there was an orbital overlap for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) between the neighbouring molecules for the crystal, which is different from the molecule structure. It was also showed that the crystal structure is a non-conductor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A benzindole substituted carbazole cyanine dye: a novel targeting fluorescent probe for parallel c-myc G-quadruplexes.

Many organic ligands were synthesized to recognize G-quadruplexes. However, different kinds of G-quadruplexes (G4s) possess different structures and functions. Therefore, selective recognition of certain types of G4s is important for the study of G4s. In this paper, a novel cyanine dye, 3-(2-(4-vinylpyridine))-6-(2-((1-(4-sulfobutyl))-3,3-dimethyl-2-vinylbenz[e]indole)-9-ethyl-carbazole (9E PBIC), composed of benzindole and carbazole was designed and synthesised. The studies on UV-vis and fluorescence properties of the dye with different DNA forms showed that the dye exhibits almost no fluorescence under aqueous buffer conditions, but it increased over 100 fold in the presence of c-myc G4 and 10-30 fold in the presence of other G4s, while little in the presence of single/double-stranded DNA, indicating that it has excellent selectivity to c-myc 2345 G4. For the binding studies the dye is interacted with the c-myc 2345 G-quadruplex by using the end-stack binding model. It can be said that the dye is an excellent targeting fluorescent probe for c-myc G-quadruplexes.

Spectra, Stability and Labeling of a Novel Carbazole Derivative as a Fluorescent Turn-on DNA Probe.

A novel fluorescent dye, 1-(6-carboxyhexyl)-4-(2-(9-ethyl-carbazole-3-yl) vinyl) quinolizinium bromide, was synthesized, and its structure was characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C-NMR, IR and HRMS. The spectra properties of this dye in different solvents and under different pH value were invest'igated preliminarily, and the results showed that its fluorescent properties was affected by the polarity and the dipole moment of the solvent. The photostability and thermostability test results showed that its photoreduction rate constant was 1.64 × 10(-5) mol/Min and its fluorescent intensity decreased little after heating at 80 °C for 6 h, suggesting the dye was quite stable. In the labeling experiment of BSA and DNA with the dye, the fluorescent all intensity increased with the addition of BSA and DNA. Specially, the dye showed an excellent turn-on effect upon binding with ctDNA.

Study on the Synthesis and Spectra of a Novel Kind of Carbozole Benzothiazole Indole Styryl Cyanine Dye with a Carbazole Bridged Chain.

Based on the frequently-used cyanine dye probe thiazole orange (TO) and Cy3, a novel kind of styryl cyanine dye was designed and synthesized. Carbazole was inserted into the structures of two cyanine dyes, TO and Cy3, to act as a bridge to link the benzothiazole and indole. This modification resulted in a novel kind of carbozole benzothiazole indole cyanine dye with a carbazole-bridged chain. The dyes were characterized by HNMR and MS. The spectra of the novel dyes were also studied and the results showed that the fluorescence wavelength of novel carbazole benzothiazole indole cyanine dye shifted red, the Stokes shift and Fluorescence quantum yields increased and the fluorescence intensity was enhanced compared to that of TO. These results indicated that the novel dye could be used as an excellent fluorescent probe in biological labeling.

[Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pulmonary tuberculosis with concurrent lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pulmonary tuberculosis with concurrent lung cancer. METHODS: Comprehensive analyses were conducted for 58 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with lung cancer. Their clinical symptoms, signs and imaging results were analyzed between January 1998 and January 2005 at Qingdao Chest Hospital. Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to calculate their survival rates. Nine prognostic characteristics were analyzed. Single factor analysis was performed with Logrank test and multi-factor analysis with Cox regression model. RESULTS: The initial symptoms were cough, chest tightness, fever and hemoptysis. Chest radiology showed the coexistence of two diseases was 36 in the same lobe and 22 in different lobes. And there were pulmonary nodules (n = 24), cavities (n = 19), infiltration (n = 8) and atelectasis (n = 7). According to the pathological characteristics, there were squamous carcinoma (n = 33), adenocarcinoma (n = 17), small cell carcinoma (n = 4) and unidentified (n = 4) respectively. The TNM stages were I (n = 13), II(n = 22), III (n = 16) and IV (n = 7) respectively. The median survival period was 24 months. And the 1, 3, 5-year survival rates were 65.5%, 65.5% and 29.0% respectively. Single factor analysis showed that lung cancer TNM staging (P = 0.000) and tuberculosis activity (P = 0.024) were significantly associated with patient prognosis. And multi-factor analysis showed that lung cancer TNM staging (RR = 2.629, 95%CI: 1.759-3.928, P = 0.000) and tuberculosis activity (RR = 1.885, 95%CI: 1.023-3.471, P = 0.042) were relatively independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiological characteristics contribute jointly to early diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis with concurrent lung cancer. And TNM staging of lung cancer and activity of tuberculosis are major prognostic factors.

Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To determine the independent risk factors of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters related to adverse prognostic events within 5 years in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and establish a prediction model for the occurrence of adverse events within 5 years to provide a reference for cardiac rehabilitation training. From August 2015 to December 2021, patients who underwent PCI for AMI and completed CPET within 1-2 weeks after surgery before discharge from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Anyang District Hospital were selected as participants. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors associated with 5-year adverse events. Feature importance was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and a logistic regression model was established for prediction. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the calibration curve. In total, 375 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on whether adverse events occurred during the 5-year follow-up period, the patients were divided into two groups: the event group (n = 53) and the non-event group (n = 322). Peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope (VE/VCO2slop), and peak end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) were three independent risk factors for re-acute myocardial infarction (re-AMI), heart failure (HF), and even death after PCI for AMI (P < 0.05). The SHAP plots demonstrated that the significant contributors to model performance were related to peakVO2, VE/VCO2slop, and PETCO2. The risk of adverse events was significantly reduced when the peakVO2 was ≥ 20 mL/kg/min and the VE/VCO2slop was < 33. The ROC curves of the three models were drawn, including the no-event and event groups, re-AMI group, and HF group, which performed well, with AUC of 0.894, 0.760, and 0.883, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the three models were a good fit (P > 0.05). The calibration curve of the three models was close to the ideal diagonal lines. CPET parameters can predict the prognosis of adverse events within 5 years after PCI in patients with AMI and provide a theoretical basis for cardiac rehabilitation training.

An insight into the causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and venous thromboembolism: A mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: As a geriatric syndrome, sarcopenia has a high prevalence in the old population and represents an impaired state of health with adverse health outcomes. A strong clinical interest in its relationship with venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is a complex trait disease with a heterogeneous annual incidence rate in different countries, has emerged. The relationship between sarcopenia and venous thromboembolism has been reported in observational studies but the causality from sarcopenia to VTE remained unclarified. We aimed to assess the causal effect of sarcopenia on the risk of VTE with the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS: Two sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), derived from two published genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses and genetically indexing muscle weakness and lean muscle mass separately, were pooled into inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger analyses. RESULTS: No evidence was found for the causal effect of genetically predicted muscle weakness (IVW: OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.76-1.06, p = 0.217), whole body lean mass (IVW: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87-1.17, p = 0.881) and appendicular lean mass (IVW: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.82-1.57, p = 0.445) on the risk of VTE. However, both genetically predicted whole-body lean mass and appendicular lean mass can causally influence diabetes mellitus (IVW of whole-body lean mass: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78-0.96, p = 0.008; IVW of appendicular lean mass: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54-0.94, p = 0.014) and hypertension (IVW of whole-body lean mass: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.98, p = 0.007; IVW of appendicular lean mass: OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73-0.96, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Genetically predicted sarcopenia does not causally influence VTE directly, but it might still have an indirect effect on VTE incidence via diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Aqueous Dispersion of Aramid Nanofibers Achieved by Using Tannic Acid for Ultrahigh Strength Films.

Polymer nanofibers have established a robust foundation and possess immense potential in various emerging fields such as sensors and biotechnology. In this study, aqueous dispersions of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) were successfully prepared by using tannic acid (TA). Morphological analysis revealed that TA effectively prevented self-aggregation of ANFs, and preserved the nanofiber structure during TA-assisted solvent exchange. Subsequently, the ANF and TA/ANF films were fabricated using casting and vacuum-assisted filtration techniques. Notably, the tensile strength of the casting TA/ANF film reached 393.8 MPa, exhibiting a remarkable improvement of 41.3% compared to that of the pure ANF film. These exceptional mechanical properties can be attributed to the well-dispersed nanostructures, hydrogen-bonding interactions, zigzag structures, and fiber-bridging effects. Furthermore, the TA/ANF film demonstrated superior ultraviolet (UV) shielding capabilities, visible transparency properties, and excellent resistance to chemical reagents. The above-mentioned interesting findings demonstrate its potential as a nanofiber-reinforced material for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites.

Synthesis and spectra of a kind of novel longer-wavelength benzoxazole indole styryl cyanine dye with a carbazole-bridged chain.

Based on cyanine dye probe oxazole yellow (YO) and Cy(3), a series of novel styryl cyanine dyes were designed and synthesized. Carbazole was inserted into the structures of YO and Cy(3) to act as a bridge to link the benzoxazole and indole group. This modification resulted in a novel kind of benzoxazole indole styryl cyanine dye with a carbazole-bridged chain. The dyes were characterized by (1)HNMR and MS. The spectra of the novel dyes were also performed and the results showed that the maximum emission wavelength of the carbazole styryl cyanine dye was shifted red, the Stokes shift increased and the fluorescence intensity enhanced compared with those of YO and Cy(3). These results indicated that the novel dye could be used as an excellent fluorescent probe in biological labeling.

The impacts of the combination service model of cardiac rehabilitation on patient outcomes: evidence from a hospital experience.

This research is to test whether the combination model (CM) (combining cardiac rehabilitation (CR) with other cardiovascular medical services) impact patients' readmissions, physical and psychological outcomes. We found that CM significantly enhances patients' exercise ability and psychological condition and reduces readmission rates after discharged from the hospital, compared to patients that are admitted to non-CM. Departments' physical resources weaken the impact of CM on patients' physical outcomes and readmission rates while increasing patients' psychological conditions. Human resources strengthen the impact of CM on patients' readmission rates while reducing the impact on patients' physical outcomes. Our results provide empirical evidence for hospital resource constraints puzzle and reallocation. These results provide a possibility of introducing CM as a way to deal with CR implementing challenges.

What we already knowThe impact of service models (such as healthcare integrations) on hospital- and patient-level outcomes has been empirically verified.Scholars demonstrate that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can improve secondary prevention outcomes with comprehensive risk reduction and long-term care, but there are still barriers and challenges to implement CR.Prior studies show hospital resources have significant impacts on practices implementing, patients' satisfaction and readmission rates.What this article addsWe extend the research on service providing field. Patients choose combination model (CM), which significantly enhances their exercise ability and psychological condition. Their readmission rates are also reduced.Higher departments' physical resources diminish the reduction of patients' admission rates, and human resources strengthen the reduction of patients' readmission rates.These results suggest that CM benefits patients' outcomes, and department resources favor certain outcomes.

One-Step Method for Fabricating Janus Aramid Nanofiber/MXene Nanocomposite Films with Improved Joule Heating and Thermal Camouflage Properties.

The integration of ultraflexible and mechanically robust films with electric heaters and camouflage technology provides a promising platform for the development of wearable devices, especially for aerospace and military applications. Herein, we present a facile and efficient one-step vacuum-assisted filtration method for fabricating Janus films based on aramid nanofibers (ANF) and Ti3C2Tx (MXene). The ANF/MXene nanocomposite film exhibits remarkable properties, including high conductivity (23809.5 S/m), excellent mechanical strength (102.54 MPa), and outstanding thermal stability (575 °C). Most notably, the Janus ANF/MXene composite film demonstrates superior Joule heating performance with a low driving voltage (1-5 V), high heating temperature (30-276 °C), and rapid response time (within 5 s). Additionally, the film exhibits effective thermal camouflage (72 °C for objects with temperatures above 163 °C) and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding properties (SSE/t = 32475.6 dB cm2/g). These results demonstrate that Janus ANF/MXene films possess a unique combination of thermal camouflage, Joule heating, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties, making them highly promising for wearable devices, high-performance electrical heating, infrared stealth, and security protection applications.

Highly water dispersible collagen/polyaniline nanocomposites with strong adhesion for electrochromic films with enhanced cycling stability.

Electrochromic materials have attracted extensive attention recently due to their versatile applications in smart windows, displays, antiglare rearview mirrors, and so on. Herein we report a new electrochromic composite prepared from collagen and polyaniline (PANI) through a self-assembly assisted co-precipitation method. The introduction of hydrophilic collagen macromolecules into PANI nanoparticles makes the collagen/PANI (C/PANI) nanocomposite obtain excellent dispersibility in water, which provides good environmental-friendly solution processability. Furthermore, the C/PANI nanocomposite exhibits excellent film-forming properties and adhesion to the ITO glass matrix. The resulting electrochromic film of the C/PANI nanocomposite displays significantly improved cycling stability compared with the pure PANI film after 500 coloring-bleaching cycles. On the other hand, the composite films also exhibit yellow, green and blue polychromatic properties at different applied voltages and high average transmittance at the bleaching state. The C/PANI electrochromic material illustrates scaling potential for the application of electrochromic devices.

Study on synthesis and spectrum of novel styryl cyanine dyes with a carbazole bridged chain.

Based on the frequently-used cyanine dye probe thiazole orange (TO), a novel kind of cyanine dye was designed and synthesized. Carbazole was inserted into the methylidyne structure of TO as a bridge to afford a kind of novel styryl cyanine dye with carbazole bridged chain. The dyes were characterized by HNMR and MS. The spectra of the novel dyes were also studied and the results showed that the fluorescent wavelength of novel carbzole dye shifted red for 100 nm, stock shift increased by 70 nm and the fluorescent intensity enhanced by 70 times compared to that of TO. When the novel dye was labeled by BSA, its fluorescent wavelength changed little and the intensity enhanced. It is indicated that it can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe in biological labeling.

Degradation of bromamine acid by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) supported on sepiolite.

Sepiolite, a natural nano-material, was chosen as a carrier to prepare supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). The effects of preparation conditions, including mass ratio of nZVI and activated sepiolite and preparation pH value, on properties of the supported nZVI were investigated. The results showed that the optimal mass ratio of nZVI and sepiolite was 1.12:1 and the optimal pH value was 7. The supported nZVI was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and furthermore an analogy model of the supported nZVI was set up. Compared with the nZVI itself, the supported nZVI was more stable in air and possessed better water dispersibility, which were beneficial for the degradation of bromamine acid aqueous solution. The degradation characteristics, such as effects of supported nZVI dosage, initial concentration and initial pH value of the solution on the decolorization efficiency were also investigated. The results showed that in an acidic environment the supported nZVI with a dosage of 2 g/L showed high activity in the degradation of bromamine acid with an initial concentration of 1,000 mg/L, and the degree of decolorization could reach up to 98%.

Preparation of core cross-linked PCL-PEG-PCL micelles for doxorubicin delivery in vitro.

Doxorubicin has been widely used in cancer treatment, but its severe side-effects restrict its clinical application greatly. So, we hope to design a novel delivery system to decrease its side-effects. In this paper, we prepared core cross-linked micelle based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (CCPCEC) at about 30 nm in diameter with a narrow distribution. The prepared core cross-linked PCL-PEG-PCL micelles were employed to load doxorubicin by pH-induced self-assembly method. Doxorubicin-loading did not obviously affect the micelle size or size distribution. Furthermore, these micelles exhibited a significantly enhanced thermodynamic stability against dilution with aqueous solvents and showed CMC in the range of 1 x 10(-3) to 2 x 10(-3) mg/mL. Cytotoxicity study confirmed great biocompatibility of the micelles and showed that the encapsulated doxorubicin in CCPCEC micelles enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on C26 cell line in vitro. Moreover, in vitro release profile demonstrated a significant difference between rapid release of free doxorubicin and much slower and sustained release of doxorubicin-loaded core cross-linked micelles. In addition, a faster DOX-release from micelles at pH 5.5 than that at pH 7.4 was also observed. These results suggested that this new biodegradable Core Cross-linked PCL-PEG-PCL Micelles might be potential carriers for drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy.

Preparation and characterization of n-hydroxyapatite/PCL-pluronic-PCL nanocomposites for tissue engineering.

In this paper, a new kind of polymeric nanocomposite materials based on nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and PCL-Pluronic-PCL (PCFC) copolymer were prepared by in situ combination method. Firstly, the PCFC copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by Pluronic (PEG-PPG-PEG); Secondly, n-HA powder were combined with PCFC to form polymeric composites in the presence of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The obtained composites were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, DTA/TGA, and tensile testing. The results revealed that n-HA could be dispersed into polymer matrix uniformly, and the n-HA/PCFC composite showed great mechanical properties when the content of n-HA was 10 wt%. The microstructure and thermal properties of the composites were discussed in the paper too. The experimental results suggested that this polymeric nanocomposite might have great potential application in the field of tissue engineering.

Targeted thiazole orange derivative with folate: synthesis, fluorescence and in vivo fluorescence imaging.

A Thiazole Orange conjugated with folate derivative was synthesized in two steps. Firstly, folate was coupled with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylquinolinium bromide to afford folate-methylquinolinium bromide, which then reacted with benzothiazolium to obtain the title folate-conjugated compound. The compound was evaluated by ¹H-NMR MS, TG/DTA and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The title compound could selectively target folate receptor expressing tumors according to the in vivo fluorescence imaging preliminarily performed on nude mice with breast tumors.