Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the school community in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2021-November 2022.

Introduction: With the reopening of schools during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was imperative to understand the role of students and education professionals in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we determined the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in the school community in Campo Grande, the capital and most populous city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and evaluated its association with sex, school level, and school type. Materials and methods: The survey was carried out in 20 public and private schools in the urban region of Campo Grande using the TR DPP® COVID-19 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) kit from the Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021; from March to July 2022; and from August to November 2022. The participants were students aged 6-17 years enrolled in primary or secondary schools and professionals of different ages and roles. Results: During the first testing period, 162 participants were seropositive for the IgM and/or IgG anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% using Bayesian multilevel regression. In the second period, 251 participants were seropositive (estimated seroprevalence, 34.6%), while in the third period, 393 participants were seroconverted (estimated seroprevalence, 56.7%). In 2022, there was an increase in the seroconversion rate compared to that in 2021. The most frequently described acute manifestations in the three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. In terms of the demographic profile, there was no predominance of seropositivity between the sexes, although women represented approximately 70% of the study population. There were also no differences between students and school staff. Discussion: The results made it possible to evaluate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school community through immunity developed against the virus, in addition to providing information about COVID-19 symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.

Toxicological effects of aqueous extract of Genipa americana L. leaves on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Chemical profile, histopathological effects and lack of genotoxicity.

Genipa americana is a native plant of Brazil with potential applications in folk medicine. Whereas most of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on this plant have focused on its fruits, the crude extracts of its leaves contain chemical metabolites that may have toxicity to organisms, which have yet to be investigated. This study aimed to determine the main groups of secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract of the leaves of G. americana by phytochemistry and qualitative HPLC, and to evaluate the possible toxicological effects and histopathological changes caused by this extract in zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults, through micronucleus test, nuclear abnormalities and histopathological analyses of gills and liver. While three metabolites of high intensity (phenolic compounds, flavonoids and triterpenes) were found in the phytochemical evaluation, the HPLC showed results compatible with flavonoids and iridoids, all belonging to common classes for this species and the Rubiaceae family. The acute toxicity test did not induce mortality or genotoxicity in zebrafish, but after exposure for 96 h, it was possible to observe injuries to the fish gill tissue, such as lamellar fusion, vasodilation and telangiectasia; in the liver, necrosis was visualized at 40 mg/L, and at higher concentrations (80 and 100 mg/L) induced sinusoidal widening was identified. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the toxic potential of this plant for aquatic species.

The effect of Sebastiania hispida gel on wound model infected by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Medicinal plants are an alternative for the treatment of infected wounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sebastiania hispida in an animal model with a wound infected by Staphylococcus aureus. The crude ethanol extract (ExtEtOH) of S. hispida underwent phytochemical analysis, quantification of metabolites and antibacterial activity analysis performed using S. aureus. Wistar rats were used to test healing activity, and the groups evaluated comprised gels of ExtEtOH at the concentrations 0.2 and 2% compared with control groups. Animals were inoculated with the bacteria S. aureus resistant to methicillin. The treatment periods were of 3 and 21 days. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were conducted and data were submitted to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Phytochemical and quantification analysis indicated that phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the major constituents, followed by tyterpenes. ExtEtOH 0.2% was the most effective gel against the growth of strains of S. aureus. Histological wound and regression analysis showed that ExtEtOH gels (0.2% and 2%) were similar and effective in promoting wound healing. In the quantification of collagen fibers, the animals from all groups showed a high amount of thick collagen fibers. Thus, ExtEtOH gels based on the shoots of S. hispida can be used for the treatment of infected wounds as a complementary therapy for infected wound closure and further assays are required with other means. The healing effectiveness may be due to the high content of phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenes.

A FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul e o enfrentamento à covid-19 / FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul and the fight against covid-19

O E-book apresentado é um compilado interdisciplinar de trabalhos escritos por pesquisadores dedicados e comprometidos com a sociedade e com os diversos entes governamentais do estado na linha de frente do combate ao Coronavírus. Os dois primeiros capítulos são dedicados a Inquéritos sorológicos levados a cabo nos municípios de Campo Grande e Corumbá, fruto dos trabalhos de coleta, testagem e genotipagem realizados pela equipe de pesquisadores e técnicos da FIOCRUZ-MS. A coordenação de educação da FIOCRUZ-MS também teve papel fundamental neste esforço conjunto, o livro segue apresentando alguns dos trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por estes pós-graduandos. Mantendo o foco ainda nos efeitos da pandemia sobre os profissionais da saúde, o capítulo sétimo trata exatamente dos Transtornos mentais comuns e insegurança dos profissionais da saúde em tempos de pandemia. Finalizando este livro trazemos uma reflexão sobre Sindemia da covid-19 e sofrimento social entre os povos indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul.

A Fiocruz em Mato Grosso do Sul: contribuições para educação, pesquisa e inovação em saúde / Fiocruz in Mato Grosso do Sul: contributions to education, research and innovation in health

Há mais de uma década a Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul consolida atividades de educação, pesquisa e desenvolvimento em áreas temáticas como Meio Ambiente e Saúde; Biodiversidade e cadeias produtivas; Agravos transmissíveis e não transmissíveis de importância para o Mato Grosso do Sul e Região Centro-Oeste; Saúde das populações indígenas; Saúde das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade; Educação, informação e comunicação em Saúde, com entregas significativas para a população sul-mato-grossense e brasileira. Este livro busca fazer um registro e disseminar algumas iniciativas e estudos desenvolvidos por seus pesquisadores e parceiros, nas diversas áreas, em âmbito local, regional e nacional, em prol do fortalecimento das políticas públicas, em especial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A obra está organizada em 3 partes e os capítulos demonstram as contribuições e o potencial da Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul na produção do conhecimento em consonância com a sua missão institucional.

Metodologia para gerenciar projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento com foco em produtos: uma proposta / Management methodology for product-oriented R&D projects: a proposal

As atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) realizadas nos institutos públicos de pesquisa (IPPs) têm como característica uma gestão arraigada nas premissas acadêmicas, que priorizam a geração e difusão do conhecimento. Em contrapartida, a necessidade de competitividade tecnológica no mercado e a pressão pela participação, como instrumentos da política pública do esforço nacional rumo à inovação, têm pressionado os IPPs para a busca por resultados mais concretos. Esse fato acarreta a geração de grandes lacunas nos processos relacionados à gestão, induzindo a uma constante necessidade de aperfeiçoamento gerencial, no sentido de criar e melhorar ferramentas que contribuam para adequá-la à nova realidade. Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de gestão de projetos de P&D, que se baseia no direcionamento dos projetos de pesquisa para a obtenção de produtos, e considera suas características multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares e a incerteza inerentes a esse processo. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida no Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos da Fiocruz e é proposta como um modelo original para instituições semelhantes.