The Long Noncoding RNA Gall Bladder Cancer-Associated Suppressor of Pyruvate Carboxylase Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Induces Their Apoptosis.

This study aimed to determine the role of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gall bladder cancer-associated suppressor of pyruvate carboxylase (SOD2-1) in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 23 pairs of specimens, including CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, were collected, and the expression of lncRNA SOD2-1 (lnc-SOD2-1) was measured. lnc-SOD2-1 function was examined using HCT15 and HCT116 cells. A lnc-SOD2-1 overexpression vector was designed and transfected into both cell lines. MTS and colony formation assays were used to determine cell viability. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling assays were performed to measure apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell assay. Migration and invasion markers were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results indicated that the expression of lnc-SOD2-1 was downregulated in CRC tissues. lnc-SOD2-1 overexpression evidently decreased cell viability and led to the formation of fewer cell colonies. lnc-SOD2-1 overexpression induced ~ twofold higher apoptosis than the control group. lnc-SOD2-1 overexpression reduced the proportion of migratory and invasive cells to 50% and 75% of the control group, respectively. lnc-SOD2-1 overexpression significantly decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. In conclusion, lnc-SOD2-1 may act as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells and induces their apoptosis.

Linc00239 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Development via MicroRNA-182-5p/Metadherin Axis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, CRC-related linc00239 functions have not been fully elucidated. Prognostic analysis of patients with CRC with linc00239 overexpression was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell were used to determine linc00239 functions for CRC cells. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was used to screen target miRNAs and mRNAs regulated by linc00239. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to confirm the miRNA and mRNA expression. Furthermore, a miRNA inhibitor was transfected into CRC cells, and cell function was evaluated. Results indicated a high linc00239 expression in the tumor tissue of patients with CRC. Transfection of linc00239 siRNA into SW480 and LOVO cells decreased cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion. MiR-182-5p/metadherin (MTDH) axis is a downstream pathway of linc00239. MTDH expression, the activity of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which were suppressed by linc00239 siRNA, were partially attenuated when linc00239 siRNA and miR-182-5p inhibitor were co-transfected into the CRC cells. Furthermore, miR-182-5p expression was decreased and MTDH expression was promoted in CRC tissues. Altogether, linc00239 may promote CRC development through the miR-182-5p/MTDH axis.

PRR34-AS1 sponges miR-498 to facilitate TOMM20 and ITGA6 mediated tumor progression in HCC.

BACKGROUND: The researches on PRR34 antisense RNA 1 (PRR34-AS1) have been limited. Both translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) and integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6) have been proven to facilitate cancer progression. Whether TOMM20 or ITGA6 affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression has never been investigated. Some studies showed that microRNA 498 (miR-498) can suppress HCC progression. Additionally, the influence of ceRNA network (including PRR34-AS1, miR-498, and TOMM20 or ITGA6) on HCC progression has not been inquired into yet. METHODS: The knockdown or overexpression efficiency was validated via RT-qPCR. Also, RT-qPCR was applied to detect the expression of PRR34-AS1, miR-498, TOMM20, and ITGA6. Cell proliferation in HCC was tested via EdU and colony formation assays. Transwell assays presented the migratory and invasive capabilities of HCC cells. Subcellular fractionation and FISH assays showed the subcellular localization of PRR34-AS1. RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore whether miR-498 combines with PRR34-AS1, TOMM20 or ITGA6. Western blot was conducted to detect protein expression. Rescue experiments were conducted to verify the relationship among PRR34-AS1, miR-498, TOMM20, and ITGA6. RESULTS: The expressions of PRR34-AS1, TOMM20, and ITGA6 were markedly high in HCC cell lines while miR-498 was lowly expressed. PRR34-AS1, TOMM20, and ITGA6 promoted HCC progression while miR-498 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. Furthermore, PRR34-AS1, TOMM20, and ITGA6 combined with miR-498. CONCLUSION: PRR34-AS1 facilitates HCC progression by regulating miR-498/TOMM20/ITGA6 axis.

Dry suction versus wet suction technique of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the wet suction technique in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality than the dry suction technique. However, conclusions of wet suction on the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) are still controversial. Besides, the optimal number of passes for EUS-FNB has not been determined. We aimed to design a large multicenter randomized trial to compare the diagnostic accuracy of dry suction versus wet suction technique in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) using 22G Franseen needles and determine the optimal number of passes required for EUS-FNB. METHODS: This is a multi-center open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial with two parallel groups. Two hundred patients with SPLs will undergo EUS-FNB using 22G Franseen needles in 4 tertiary hospitals in China and will be randomly assigned to the dry suction group and wet suction group in a ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint is diagnostic accuracy. Secondary endpoints include the optimal number of needle passes, sensitivity, specificity, specimen quality, cytological diagnoses, time of the procedure, and incidence of complications. DISCUSSION: This study has been designed to determine (i) whether EUS-FNB using 22G Franseen needle with dry suction is non-inferior to wet suction in terms of diagnostic accuracy and (ii) the optimal number of passes during EUS-FNB of SPLs using 22G Franseen needle. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05549856. Registered on September 22, 2022.

[A randomized and case-control clinical study on trimebutine maleate in treating functional dyspepsia coexisting with diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and adverse drug reaction of trimebutine maleate in treating patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) coexisting with diarrhea dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). METHODS: 129 patients were enrolled in this randomized, case-control and prospective study and divided into 3 groups. Group A was treated with trimebutine maleate and bacillus licheniformis, Group B with trimebutine maleate and Group C with bacillus licheniformis. The symptoms of the patients were described with grading score and efficacy of treatment assessed according to the changes of grading score of symptoms. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the scores of postprandial fullness (4.55 +/- 0.85, 1.26 +/- 0.52; 4.36 +/- 0.66, 1.48 +/- 0.61), early satiation (4.05 +/- 0.96, 1.01 +/- 0.51; 3.89 +/- 0.81, 1.25 +/- 0.76), abdominal pain (9.26 +/- 0.68, 0.68 +/- 0.43; 9.57 +/- 1.60, 0.76 +/- 0.54) and total symptom score (20.00 +/- 1.25, 3.06 +/- 0.91; 19.05 +/- 2.28, 3.89 +/- 2.12) before and after treatment in Group A and B (P < 0.05), but there was no such significance in Group C (P > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in diarrhea score before and after treatment in the 3 groups (A: 4.78 +/- 0.76, 0.65 +/- 0.53; B: 4.13 +/- 0.65, 1.25 +/- 0.62; C: 4.65 +/- 0.88, 1.45 +/- 0.70) (P < 0.05). After treatment for 4 weeks, there was significant difference in the scores of postprandial fullness, early satiation, abdominal pain and total symptom score as well as the effective rate of every symptom and total effective rate between Group A or B and Group C (P < 0.05). The ratio of cost and effect was 4.07, 1.19 and 6.65 in Group A, B and C respectively, the Group B being the best. The rate of adverse drug reaction was 22.9% and 23.7% in Group A and B, and the main adverse drug reactions were mild thirst and constipation. CONCLUSIONS: In treating patients with functional dyspepsia coexisting with diarrhea dominant irritable bowel syndrome, trimebutine maleate has the advantage of high efficacy, low cost and few adverse reactions.