Lessons learned from a sporadic FUSopathy in a young man: a case report.

BACKGROUND: In frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum, younger patients may correspond to fusopathy cases, and cognitive decline could be rapidly progressive. We present a clinical and neuropathological description of a patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old man, without a family history of neurodegenerative diseases, was brought by his family to consult for dysarthria and behavioural change. Initial exploration showed spastic dysarthria and disinhibition. He progressively worsened with a pseudobulbar syndrome, right-lateralized pyramidal signs, left hemispheric corticobasal syndrome and, finally, lower motor neuron signs in his right arm. He died four years after the initiation of the syndrome from bronchopneumonia. Laboratory tests (including blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-containing positron emission tomography (PET-18F-FDG) showed left fronto-insular atrophy and hypometabolism. Subsequently, 123I-ioflupane (DaT-SCAN®) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was pathologic, manifesting bilaterally decreased activity with greater affection on the left side. Only a third electromyogram (EMG) detected denervation in the last year of evolution. No mutations were found in genes such as Tau, progranulin, C9orf72, FUS, TDP-43, CHMP2B, or VCP. In necropsy, severe frontotemporal atrophy with basophilic neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, negative for tau and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), but positive for fused in sarcoma (FUS) consistent with specifically basophilic inclusions body disease (BIBD) type was found. CONCLUSIONS: In patients affected by FTD, particularly the youngest, with rapidly progressive decline and early motor affection, fusopathy must be suspected. These cases can include motor signs described in the FTD spectrum. Lower motor neuron affection in EMG could be detected late.

Molecular dynamics study on the interfacial properties of mixtures of monomers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based battery binders on graphene and graphite surfaces.

This study investigates the behavior of two different mixtures of monomers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based battery binders, polyvinylpyrrolidone:polyvinylidene difluoride (PVP:PVDF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone:polyacrylic acid (PVP:PAA), at graphene and graphite interfaces using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The aim is to identify the best performing monomer binder blend and carbon-based material for the design of battery-optimized energy devices. The PVP:PAA monomer binder blend and graphite are found to have the best interaction energies, densification upon adsorption, and more ordered structure. The adsorption of both monomer binder blends is strongly guided by the higher affinity of PVP and PAA monomeric molecules for the surfaces compared to PVDF. The structure of adsorbed layers of PVP:PVDF monomer binder blend on graphene and graphite develops more quickly than PVP:PAA, indicating faster kinetics. This study complements a previous density functional theory study recently reported by our group and contributes to a better understanding of the nanoscopic features of relevant interfacial regions involving mixtures of monomers of PVP-based battery binders and different carbon-based materials. The effect of a blend of commonly used monomer binders on carbon-based materials is essential for obtaining tightly bound anode and cathode active materials in lithium-ion batteries, which is crucial for designing battery-optimized energy devices.

A theoretical study on CO2 at Li4SiO4 and Li3NaSiO4 surfaces.

Lithium silicates have attracted great attention in recent years due to their potential use as high-temperature (450-700 °C) sorbents for CO2 capture. Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) can theoretically adsorb CO2 in amounts up to 0.36 g CO2 per g Li4SiO4. The development of new Li4SiO4-based sorbents is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the mechanisms ruling CO2 adsorption on Li4SiO4, especially for eutectic mixtures. In this work, the structural, electronic, thermodynamic and CO2 capture properties of monoclinic phases of Li4SiO4 and a binary (Li3NaSiO4) eutectic mixture are investigated using density functional theory. The properties of the bulk crystal phases as well as of the relevant surfaces are analysed. Likewise, the results for CO2-lithium silicates indicate that CO2 is strongly adsorbed on the oxygen sites of both sorbents through chemisorption, causing an alteration not only in the chemical structure and atomic charges of the gas, as reflected by both the angles and bond distances as well as atomic charges, but also in the cell parameters of the Li4SiO4 and Li3NaSiO4 systems, especially in Li4SiO4(001) and Li3NaSiO4(010) surfaces. The results confirm strong adsorption of CO2 molecules on all the considered surfaces and materials followed by CO2 activation as inferred from CO2 bending, bond elongation and surface to CO2 charge transfer, indicating CO2 chemisorption for all cases. The Li4SiO4 and Li3NaSiO4 surfaces may be proposed as suitable sorbents for CO2 capture in wide temperature ranges.

Insights on novel type V deep eutectic solvents based on levulinic acid.

Type V natural deep eutectic solvents considering menthol, thymol, and levulinic acids are studied considering a combined experimental and theoretical approach to develop a multiscale characterization of these fluids with particular attention to intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) and their relationships with macroscopic behavior. Density, viscosity, refraction index, and thermal conductivity were measured as a function of temperature, providing a thermophysical characterization of the fluids. Quantum chemistry was applied to characterize hydrogen bonding in minimal molecular clusters, allowing us to quantify interaction strength, topology (according to atoms in a molecule theory), and electronic properties. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were also performed, allowing us to characterize bulk liquid phases at the nanoscopic level, analyzing the fluid's structuring, void distribution, and dynamics. The reported results allowed us to infer nano-macro relationships, which are required for the proper design of these green solvents and their application for different technologies.

TGFB1 polymorphisms and TGF-ß1 plasma levels identify gastric adenocarcinoma patients with lower survival rate and disseminated disease.

TGF-ß1 is involved in tumour growth. Four TGFB1 SNPs and TGF-ß1 production by stimulated PBMC were determined in seventy-eight gastric adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, TGF-ß1 levels were measured in the plasma of further thirty patients. rs1800471-G/C genotype was prevalent in patients (20.7%) compared to controls (8.4%), as it also was the rs1800468 SNP-G/A genotype in stage IV patients (20.7%) compared to stage I, II and III patients, combined (10.3%). Conversely, the T/T rs1800469 SNP-T/T genotype was absent in the former group and present in 19.0% in the latter. Furthermore, the rs1800469-C/rs1800470-T (CT) haplotype was found in 15.0% of stage IV patients as compared to 3.0% of the remaining patients (3.0%) and also identifies patients with worse five-year life expectancy (P = .03). TGF-ß1 synthesis by stimulated PBMCs was significantly lower in patients with the risk SNPs or haplotype, compared to the alternative genotype. Finally, TGF-ß1 plasma levels were lower in patients with worse life expectancy. Analysis of TGFB1 SNPs and measurement of plasma TGF-ß1 levels serves to identify patients at risk of developing a more aggressive disease.

Nanostructuring and macroscopic behavior of type V deep eutectic solvents based on monoterpenoids.

Type V natural deep eutectic solvents based on monoterpenoids (cineole, carvone, menthol, and thymol) are studied using a combined experimental and molecular modeling approach. The reported physicochemical properties showed low viscous fluids whose properties were characterized as a function of temperature. The theoretical study combining quantum chemistry and classical molecular dynamics simulations provided a nanoscopic characterization of the fluids, particularly for the hydrogen bonding network and its relationship with the macroscopic properties. The considered fluids constitute a suitable type of solvents considering their properties, cost, origin, and sustainability in different technological applications and sow the possibility of developing type V NADES from different types of molecules, especially in the terpenoid family of compounds.

Comparison of flipped learning and traditional lecture method for teaching digestive system diseases in undergraduate medicine: A prospective non-randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the effects of a large-scale flipped learning (FL) approach in an undergraduate course of Digestive System Diseases. METHODS: This prospective non-randomized trial recruited 404 students over three academic years. In 2016, the course was taught entirely in a Traditional Lecture (TL) style, in 2017 half of the course (Medical topics) was replaced by FL while the remaining half (Surgical topics) was taught by TL and in 2018, the whole course was taught entirely by FL. Academic performance, class attendance and student's satisfaction surveys were compared between cohorts. RESULTS: Test scores were higher in the FL module (Medical) than in the TL module (Surgical) in the 2017 cohort but were not different when both components were taught entirely by TL (2016) or by FL (2018). Also, FL increased the probability of reaching superior grades (scores >7.0) and improved class attendance and students' satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The holistic FL model is more effective for teaching undergraduate clinical gastroenterology compared to traditional teaching methods and has a positive impact on classroom attendances.

Digital Twin for Automatic Transportation in Industry 4.0.

Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution consisting of the digitalization of processes facilitating an incremental value chain. Smart Manufacturing (SM) is one of the branches of the Industry 4.0 regarding logistics, visual inspection of pieces, optimal organization of processes, machine sensorization, real-time data adquisition and treatment and virtualization of industrial activities. Among these tecniques, Digital Twin (DT) is attracting the research interest of the scientific community in the last few years due to the cost reduction through the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the industrial plant predicting potential problems in the SM paradigm. In this paper, we propose a new DT design concept based on external service for the transportation of the Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) which are being recently introduced for the Material Requirement Planning satisfaction in the collaborative industrial plant. We have performed real experimentation in two different scenarios through the definition of an Industrial Ethernet platform for the real validation of the DT results obtained. Results show the correlation between the virtual and real experiments carried out in the two scenarios defined in this paper with an accuracy of 97.95% and 98.82% in the total time of the missions analysed in the DT. Therefore, these results validate the model created for the AGV navigation, thus fulfilling the objectives of this paper.

Memetic Chains for Improving the Local Wireless Sensor Networks Localization in Urban Scenarios.

Local Positioning Systems (LPS) have become an active field of research in the last few years. Their application in harsh environments for high-demanded accuracy applications is allowing the development of technological activities such as autonomous navigation, indoor localization, or low-level flights in restricted environments. LPS consists of ad-hoc deployments of sensors which meets the design requirements of each activity. Among LPS, those based on temporal measurements are attracting higher interest due to their trade-off among accuracy, robustness, availability, and costs. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is extended in the literature for LPS applications and consequently we perform, in this paper, an analysis of the optimal sensor deployment of this architecture for achieving practical results. This is known as the Node Location Problem (NLP) and has been categorized as NP-Hard. Therefore, heuristic solutions such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) or Memetic Algorithms (MA) have been applied in the literature for the NLP. In this paper, we introduce an adaptation of the so-called MA-Solis Wets-Chains (MA-SW-Chains) for its application in the large-scale discrete discontinuous optimization of the NLP in urban scenarios. Our proposed algorithm MA-Variable Neighborhood Descent-Chains (MA-VND-Chains) outperforms the GA and the MA of previous proposals for the NLP, improving the accuracy achieved by 17% and by 10% respectively for the TDOA architecture in the urban scenario introduced.

Design of arginine-based therapeutic deep eutectic solvents as drug solubilization vehicles for active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The solvation of lidocaine in three newly designed deep eutectic solvents is studied using combined experimental and theoretical methods that include density functional theory and molecular dynamics methods. The intermolecular forces between lidocaine and the hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors of the deep eutectic solvents were analysed regarding the type and the strength of inter- and intra-molecular bonding. The structure, composition and properties of the lidocaine solvation shells are analysed together with the possible lidocaine-clustering around the studied deep eutectic solvents and their constituent molecules. Furthermore, the changes in the solvent structures upon lidocaine solubilization are also studied. Natural product-based eutectic solvents showed considerably high solvation of lidocaine in all three deep eutectics based on the strong solute-solvent intermolecular interactions accompanied by a slight volume expansion and minor solvent structural changes. These non-toxic and almost null-volatile therapeutic deep eutectic solvents can be considered as suitable solubilization media for developing pharmaceutical applications and they can be considered as effective drug delivery vehicles for active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Leaf removal at veraison stage differentially affects qualitative attributes and bioactive composition of fresh and dehydrated grapes of two indigenous Cypriot cultivars.

BACKGROUND: The effect of leaf removal on postharvest performance of dehydrated grapes has been poorly analyzed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leaf removal at veraison stage on the metabolites of fresh and dehydrated grapes of two indigenous Cypriot cultivars ('Mavro' and 'Xynisteri'), which are destined for the production of 'Commandaria', a protected designation of origin (PDO) premium sweet wine. RESULTS: Leaf removal led to a reduction of soluble solids, titratable acidity, aroma potential and most of the phenolic groups in the musts of both cultivars. Dehydration led to a significant increase in all of these parameters in both cultivars, being more pronounced in cv. 'Mavro'. Interestingly, leaf removal indicated differential response in the dehydrated product of the cultivars examined; liquid chromatography (LC-DAD-qTOF-MS) data showed a significant decrease in phenolic compounds in 'Xynisteri' must (from 66.73 to 44.15 mg L-1 ), while 'Mavro' must registered similar values of phenolic compounds (from 94.78 to 96.72 mg L-1 ), but with a different distribution among phenolic groups. Intriguingly, flavonols and flavan-3-ols that present significant health-promoting properties showed higher concentrations in the must from dehydrated 'Mavro' grapes that were subjected to preharvest leaf removal. CONCLUSIONS: Leaf removal at veraison stage followed by sun drying differentially affected the chemical composition of the examined cultivars. This preharvest application followed by postharvest dehydration was beneficial for cv. 'Mavro', while this was not the case for cv. 'Xynisteri'. The effects of leaf removal in other developmental stages (i.e. pre/post bloom stage) need to be dissected with the ultimate goal of providing an end product with high bioactive content. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Theoretical Study on Molten Alkali Carbonate Interfaces.

The properties and structure of relevant interfaces involving molten alkali carbonates are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Lithium carbonate and the Li/Na/K carbonate eutectic mixture are considered. Gas phases composed of pure CO2 or a model flue gas mixture are analyzed. Similarly, the adsorption of these gas phases on graphene are studied, showing competitive CO2 and N2 adsorption that develops liquid-like layers and damped oscillation behavior for density. The interaction of the studied carbonates with graphene is also characterized by development of adsorption layers through strong graphene-carbonate interactions and the development of hexagonal lattice arrangements, especially for lithium carbonate. The development of molten salts-vacuum interfaces is also considered, analyzing the ionic rearrangement in the interfacial region. The behavior of the selected gas phases on top of molten alkyl carbonate is also studied, showing the preferential adsorption of CO2 molecules when flue gases are considered.

Olive oil authentication: A comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks with especial emphasis on quality and authenticity indices, and recent analytical techniques developed for their assessment. A review.

Over the last decades, olive oil quality and authenticity control has become an issue of great importance to consumers, suppliers, retailers, and regulators in both traditional and emerging olive oil producing countries, mainly due to the increasing worldwide popularity and the trade globalization of this product. Thus, in order to ensure olive oil authentication, various national and international laws and regulations have been adopted, although some of them are actually causing an enormous debate about the risk that they can represent for the harmonization of international olive oil trade standards. Within this context, this review was designed to provide a critical overview and comparative analysis of selected regulatory frameworks for olive oil authentication, with special emphasis on the quality and purity criteria considered by these regulation systems, their thresholds and the analytical methods employed for monitoring them. To complete the general overview, recent analytical advances to overcome drawbacks and limitations of the official methods to evaluate olive oil quality and to determine possible adulterations were reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trends on analytical approaches to assess the olive oil geographical and varietal origin traceability were also examined.

Characterization of bioactive compounds of Annona cherimola L. leaves using a combined approach based on HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and NMR.

Annona cherimola Mill. (cherimoya) has widely been used as food crop. The leaves of this tree possess several health benefits, which are, in general, attributed mainly to its bioactive composition. However, literature concerning a comprehensive characterization based on a combined approach, which consists of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS), from these leaves is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the polar profile of full extracts of cherimoya leaves by using these tools. Thus, a total of 77 compounds have been characterized, 12 of which were identified by both techniques. Briefly, 23 compounds were classified as amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, cholines, phenolic acid derivatives, and flavonoids by NMR, while 66 metabolites were divided into sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other polar compounds by HPLC-TOF-MS. It is worth mentioning that different solvent mixtures were tested and the total phenolic content in the extracts quantified (TPC via HPLC-TOF-MS). The tendency observed was EtOH/water 80/20 (v/v) (17.0 ± 0.2 mg TPC/g leaf dry weight (d.w.)) ≥ acetone/water 70/30 (v/v) (16.1 ± 0.7 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.) > EtOH/water 70/30 (v/v) (14.0 ± 0.3 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.) > acetone/water 80/20 (v/v) (13.5 ± 0.4 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.). Importantly, flavonoids derivatives were between 63 and 76% of the TPC in those extracts. Major compounds were sucrose, glucose (α and ß), and proline, and chlorogenic acid and rutin for NMR and HPLC-TOF-MS, respectively. Graphical abstract The combined use of LC-HRMS and NMR is a potential synergic combination for a comprehensive metabolite composition of cherimoya leaves.

A theoretical study on lidocaine solubility in deep eutectic solvents.

The solvation of lidocaine in two selected deep eutectic solvents is studied using density functional theory and molecular dynamics methods. The intermolecular forces between lidocaine and the involved molecules are analysed in terms of van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions. The structure, composition and properties of the lidocaine solvation shells are analysed together with the possible lidocaine clustering. The changes in the solvent structures upon lidocaine solution are also studied. The reported results show that the effective solvation of lidocaine in deep eutectics is because of strong solute-solvent intermolecular interactions accompanied by a slight volume expansion and minor solvent structural changes, thus confirming deep eutectics as suitable media for developing pharmaceutical applications.

Unravelling the Distribution of Secondary Metabolites in Olea europaea L.: Exhaustive Characterization of Eight Olive-Tree Derived Matrices by Complementary Platforms (LC-ESI/APCI-MS and GC-APCI-MS).

In order to understand the distribution of the main secondary metabolites found in Olea europaea L., eight different samples (olive leaf, stem, seed, fruit skin and pulp, as well as virgin olive oil, olive oil obtained from stoned and dehydrated fruits and olive seed oil) coming from a Picudo cv. olive tree were analyzed. All the experimental conditions were selected so as to assure the maximum coverage of the metabolome of the samples under study within a single run. The use of LC and GC with high resolution MS (through different ionization sources, ESI and APCI) and the annotation strategies within MetaboScape 3.0 software allowed the identification of around 150 compounds in the profiles, showing great complementarity between the evaluated methodologies. The identified metabolites belonged to different chemical classes: triterpenic acids and dialcohols, tocopherols, sterols, free fatty acids, and several sub-types of phenolic compounds. The suitability of each platform and polarity (negative and positive) to determine each family of metabolites was evaluated in-depth, finding, for instance, that LC-ESI-MS (+) was the most efficient choice to ionize phenolic acids, secoiridoids, flavonoids and lignans and LC-APCI-MS was very appropriate for pentacyclic triterpenic acids (MS (-)) and sterols and tocopherols (MS (+)). Afterwards, a semi-quantitative comparison of the selected matrices was carried out, establishing their typical features (e.g., fruit skin was pointed out as the matrix with the highest relative amounts of phenolic acids, triterpenic compounds and hydroxylated fatty acids, and seed oil was distinctive for its high relative levels of acetoxypinoresinol and tocopherols).

Establishing the Phenolic Composition of Olea europaea L. Leaves from Cultivars Grown in Morocco as a Crucial Step Towards Their Subsequent Exploitation.

In Morocco, the recovery of olive agro-industrial by-products as potential sources of high-added value substances has been underestimated so far. A comprehensive quantitative characterization of olive leaves' bioactive compounds is crucial for any attempt to change this situation and to implement the valorization concept in emerging countries. Thus, the phenolic fraction of olive leaves of 11 varieties ('Arbequina', 'Hojiblanca', 'Frantoio', 'Koroneiki', 'Lechín', 'Lucque', 'Manzanilla', 'Picholine de Languedoc', 'Picholine Marocaine', 'Picual' and 'Verdal'), cultivated in the Moroccan Meknès region, was investigated. Thirty eight phenolic or related compounds (including 16 secoiridoids, nine flavonoids in their aglycone form, seven flavonoids in glycosylated form, four simple phenols, one phenolic acid and one lignan) were determined in a total of 55 samples by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT MS). Very remarkable quantitative differences were observed among the profiles of the studied cultivars. 'Picholine Marocaine' variety exhibited the highest total phenolic content (around 44 g/kg dry weight (DW)), and logically showed the highest concentration in terms of various individual compounds. In addition, chemometrics (principal components analysis (PCA) and stepwise-linear discriminant analysis (s-LDA)) were applied to the quantitative phenolic compound data, allowing good discrimination of the selected samples according to their varietal origin.

Alternatives to conventional thermal treatments in fruit-juice processing. Part 2: Effect on composition, phytochemical content, and physicochemical, rheological, and organoleptic properties of fruit juices.

Traditional thermal techniques may cause losses in nutritional quality and phytochemical contents, and also in physicochemical, rheological, and organoleptic properties of processed fruit juices. This paper provides an overview of the effect on these qualities by the use of alternatives to traditional thermal treatments in fruit-juice processing, for three key operations in fruit-juice production such as microbial inactivation, enzyme inactivation, and juice-yield improvement. These alternatives are UV light, high-intensity light pulses, γ-irradiation, pulsed electric fields, radiofrequency electric fields, Ohmic heating, microwave heating, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide, ozonation, and flash-vacuum expansion. Although alternatives to heat treatments seem to be less detrimental than the thermal treatment, there are many parameters and conditions that influence the output, as well as the nature of the juice itself, hampering comparisons between different studies. Additionally, future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the changes in the overall quality of fruit juices, and also on scaled-up processes, process design, and optimization that need to be deal with in detail to maximize their potential as alternative nonthermal technologies in fruit-juice processing while maintaining fruit-juice attributes to the maximum.

Alternatives to conventional thermal treatments in fruit-juice processing. Part 1: Techniques and applications.

This paper provides an overview of alternatives to conventional thermal treatments and a review of the literature on fruit-juice processing for three key operations in fruit-juice production such as microbial inactivation, enzyme inactivation, and juice yield enhancement, these being radiation treatments (UV light, high-intensity light pulses, γ-irradiation), electrical treatments (pulsed electric fields, radiofrequency electric fields, ohmic heating), microwave heating, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, inert gas treatments (supercritical carbon dioxide, ozonation), and flash-vacuum expansion. The nonthermal technologies discussed in this review have the potential to meet industry and consumer expectations. However, the lack of standardization in operating conditions hampers comparisons among different studies, and consequently ambiguity arises within the literature. For the juice industry to advance, more detailed studies are needed on the scaling-up, process design, and optimization, as well as on the effect of such technologies on juice quality of juices in order to maximize their potential as alternative nonthermal technologies in fruit-juice processing.

Comparison of Two Stationary Phases for the Determination of Phytosterols and Tocopherols in Mango and Its By-Products by GC-QTOF-MS.

Two different gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) methodologies were carried out for the analysis of phytosterols and tocopherols in the flesh of three mango cultivars and their by-products (pulp, peel, and seed). To that end, a non-polar column ((5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane (HP-5ms)) and a mid-polar column (crossbond trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane (RTX-200MS)) were used. The analysis time for RTX-200MS was much lower than the one obtained with HP-5ms. Furthermore, the optimized method for the RTX-200MS column had a higher sensibility and precision of peak area than the HP-5ms methodology. However, RTX-200MS produced an overlapping between ß-sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol. Four phytosterols and two tocopherols were identified in mango samples. As far as we are concerned, this is the first time that phytosterols have been studied in mango peel and that Δ5-avenasterol has been reported in mango pulp. α- and γ-tocopherol were determined in peel, and α-tocopherol was the major tocopherol in this fraction (up to 81.2%); however, only α-tocopherol was determined in the pulp and seed. The peel was the fraction with the highest total concentration of phytosterols followed by seed and pulp, and "Sensación" was the cultivar with the highest concentration of total phytosterols in most cases. There were no significant differences between quantification of tocopherols with both columns. However, in most cases, quantification of phytosterols was higher with RTX-200MS than with HP-5ms column.