A Pilot Study of the Effects of Individualized Home Dual Task Training by Mobile Health Technology in People with Dementia.

The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of dual-task training implemented by mobile health technology on performance on motor and dual-task tests in subjects with dementia. Nineteen subjects with a medical diagnosis of dementia were assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 12) or control group (CG, n = 7). The EG participated in 24 sessions (3/week) of a homebase dual-task exercises program, in addition to their ongoing cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The training program was implemented individually in the patient's home by caregivers or relatives through electronic devices controlled by a mobile application. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the program, performance on motor and motor/cognitive (dual-task) tests were evaluated. Motor evaluation included gait at preferred and maximal speed, the Up and Go, and the Handgrip Strength test. Dual-task tests included gait with subtraction 3 s from 100 and naming animals (verbal fluency). The CG only performed the evaluations in addition to their cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The statistical analysis (ANOVA Group*Test) showed a statically significant improvement for both dual-task tests in the EG after the training program, while the CG showed an impairment in the verbal fluency test. Conclusion: the implementation of a home exercise program carried out with mobile technology in people with dementia is feasible and positively affects their performance on dual tasks.

Absence of acute adverse in vitro effects on aged AS-1 red blood cells and thawed plasma after prolonged exposure to 13.56-MHz radio energy.

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for tracking blood products to improve productivity and safety in the transfusion medicine supply chain. We conducted a limited study to assess the temperature and biologic effects after extreme exposure to 13.56-MHz RF radiation on aged red blood cells (aRBCs) nearing their 42-day life and three types of thawed plasma (TP). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a Food and Drug Administration-approved limit test protocol, test units of both aRBCs and three types of TP were subjected to high levels of RF energy for an extended duration to assess worst-case effects compared to minimally exposed control units. Three replications were performed for each product type. RESULTS: Hemolysis after 23 to 25 hours of RF energy exposure was less than 0.3% for all test and control aRBC units and well within the 1% or less acceptance criterion. Both biologic test and temperature increase results were within acceptance criteria and consistent with earlier tests on 6- to 9-day RBCs, with no detectable acceleration in cellular degradation of aRBCs. Nine different plasma coagulation factors were evaluated and, with one explainable exception, all showed less than 20% change in their measured test versus control values, meeting the acceptance criteria. The relative temperature increase between test and control units never exceeded the 1.5°C acceptance criterion for RBCs and 4°C for plasma. CONCLUSION: Use of 13.56-MHz RFID technology is unlikely to have any significant temperature or biologic effects on aRBC and plasma units under normal operating conditions.

Applying radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in transfusion medicine.

ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 1 standard 13.56 MHz RFID tags have been accepted by the International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as data carriers to integrate with and augment ISBT 128 barcode data carried on blood products. The use of 13.56 MHz RFID carrying ISBT 128 data structures allows the global deployment and use of RFID, supporting both international transfer of blood and international disaster relief. The deployment in process at the BloodCenter of Wisconsin and testing at the University of Iowa Health Center is the first FDA-permitted implementation of RFID throughout in all phases of blood banking, donation through transfusion. RFID technology and equipment selection will be discussed along with FDA-required RF safety testing; integration with the blood enterprise computing system and required RFID tag performance. Tag design and survivability is an issue due to blood bag centrifugation and irradiation. Deployment issues will be discussed. Use of RFID results in significant return on investment over the use of barcodes in the blood center operations through labor savings and error reduction.

Neurological complications and behavioral problems in patients with phenylketonuria in a follow-up unit.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between neurological complications, neuroradiological findings, and behavioral problems, age at diagnosis and dietary control along the follow-up of the PKU patients in our metabolic unit. DESIGN: Retrospective study of the PKU patients diagnosed and controlled in our unit from 1985 to 2010. METHODS: Registry of patients in a database with 50 items filled in by review of the clinical histories. Statistical study of the data (SPSS, 19.0 version). RESULTS: 121 patients were included (median age: 16.0, range 1 month-46 years). 76% of them were diagnosed through neonatal screening. 12.4% had mild-PKU, 19% moderate-PKU and 68.6% classic-PKU. 88.4% of patients were treated with a protein-restricted diet, and 11.6% with BH4. 97.7% of the early diagnosed patients had normal IQ, while 46.3% of late diagnosed patients had mental retardation, 28.5% were borderline and 25% had normal IQ. In early diagnosed patients, there was a significantly negative correlation between IQ [mean (SD) 100 (11.1)] and the index of dietary control during the first six years of life [median (range) 310 (105-992)] and that of the immediately past year [348 (106-1127)] (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with late diagnosis and neurological and behavioral problems was significantly higher than that of the early diagnosed ones (p < 0.001). The proportion of early diagnosed patients with neurological and behavioral problems who had good, intermediate or poor dietary control during the first 6 years of life and the immediately past year was significantly different (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results show the impact of early diagnosis and good dietary treatment on the IQ and on the percentage of neurological complications and behavioral problems in PKU patients.

Absence of acute adverse in-vitro effects on AS-1 RBCs and whole blood-derived platelets following prolonged exposure to 13.56 MHz radio energy.

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology application for tracking blood products to achieve higher productivity and safety in the transfusion medicine supply chain. We have conducted a limited study to assess the temperature and biological effects of 13.56 MHz RF radiation on RBCs and whole blood-derived platelets (WBDP) under extreme exposure conditions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using an FDA-approved protocol, test units of both RBC and WBDP were subjected to approximately 100 watts of RF energy for an extended duration (23-25 h) to assess worst-case effects. Three replications of the test were performed. RESULTS: Hemolysis after 23-25 hours of RF energy exposure was 0.09% and 0.05%, respectively, for TEST and CONTROL RBC units and well within the ≤1% limit in the FDA-approved acceptance criteria. For WBDP units, the mean pH of TEST and CONTROL units were 7.27 and 7.19, respectively, following 23-25 hours of RF energy exposure, and well above the ≥6.2 acceptance limit. Further, there was no detectable acceleration in cellular degradation of RBC and WBDP products. While there was minimal temperature rise, the relative temperature increase between TEST and CONTROL units never exceeded the 1.5°C acceptance criterion. CONCLUSIONS: 13.56 MHz-based RFID technology is unlikely to have any significant temperature or biological effects on RBC and WBDP units under the normal operating conditions (a maximum of 4 watts RF power exposure for about 20 nonconsecutive minutes for RFID tracking during the life of the blood product).

Tracking blood products in blood centres using radio frequency identification: a comprehensive assessment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Radio frequency identification (RFID) can be a key enabler for enhancing productivity and safety of the blood product supply chain. This article describes a systematic approach developed by the RFID Blood Consortium for a comprehensive feasibility and impact assessment of RFID application in blood centre operations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our comprehensive assessment approach incorporates process-orientated and technological perspectives as well as impact analysis. Assessment of RFID-enabled process redesign is based on generic core processes derived from the three participating blood centres. The technological assessment includes RFID tag readability and performance evaluation, testing of temperature and biological effects of RF energy on blood products, and RFID system architecture design and standards. The scope of this article is limited to blood centre processes (from donation to manufacturing/distribution) for selected mainstream blood products (red blood cells and platelets). RESULTS: Radio frequency identification can help overcome a number of common challenges and process inefficiencies associated with identification and tracking of blood products. High frequency-based RFID technology performs adequately and safely for red blood cell and platelet products. Productivity and quality improvements in RFID-enabled blood centre processes can recoup investment cost in a 4-year payback period. CONCLUSION: Radio frequency identification application has significant process-orientated and technological implications. It is feasible and economically justifiable to incorporate RFID into blood centre processes.

RFID in the blood supply chain--increasing productivity, quality and patient safety.

As part of an overall design of a new, standardized RFID-enabled blood transfusion medicine supply chain, an assessment was conducted for two hospitals: the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics (UIHC) and Mississippi Baptist Health System (MBHS). The main objectives of the study were to assess RFID technological and economic feasibility, along with possible impacts to productivity, quality and patient safety. A step-by-step process analysis focused on the factors contributing to process "pain points" (errors, inefficiency, product losses). A process re-engineering exercise produced blueprints of RFID-enabled processes to alleviate or eliminate those pain-points. In addition, an innovative model quantifying the potential reduction in adverse patient effects as a result of RFID implementation was created, allowing improvement initiatives to focus on process areas with the greatest potential impact to patient safety. The study concluded that it is feasible to implement RFID-enabled processes, with tangible improvements to productivity and safety expected. Based on a comprehensive cost/benefit model, it is estimated for a large hospital (UIHC) to recover investment from implementation within two to three years, while smaller hospitals may need longer to realize ROI. More importantly, the study estimated that RFID technology could reduce morbidity and mortality effects substantially among patients receiving transfusions.

Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects of remifentanil in anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antiarrhythmic effect of remifentanil in experimental arrhythmias in dogs. METHODS: We used dogs weighing 12 kg-18 kg anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital given intravenously. Ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation and death were induced with digoxin (9 microg/kg/min). In another model, two types of arrhythmia were induced in the right atrium, one of them with aconitine crystals placed on the right atrium and the other was induced in the basement of the right atrium by electrical stimulation. The potential antiarrhythmic action of remifentaniL was investigated in ventricular and atrial arrhythmias by the administration of an intravenous bolus after toxic signs were evident. Thus, two arrhythmias with different mechanisms were generated. Leads DII, unipolar left intraventricular and right atrial leads, and left ventricular pressure were used to record control tracings and tracings in presence of remifentanil, during ventricular arrhythmia. RESULTS: Remifentanil abolished toxic effects of digoxin, it eliminated the A-V dissociation and ventricular extrasystoles, reverting to sinus rhythm in each case. Remifentanil extended the time to reach lethal doses from 63.25 +/- 11.3 to 100 +/- 11.8 min. These effects were blocked by naloxone (0.01 microg/kg) applied before remifentanil. In the two arrhythmias model, remifentanil suppressed both, ectopic focus and atrial flutter. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil elicits antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects in experimental ventricular arrhythmias induced by digoxin and in a model of two atrial arrhythmias induced by aconitine and by electrical stimulation.

Most Frequent Errors in Judo Uki Goshi Technique and the Existing Relations among Them Analysed through T-Patterns.

The purpose of this study is to provide a tool, based on the knowledge of technical errors, which helps to improve the teaching and learning process of the Uki Goshi technique. With this aim, we set out to determine the most frequent errors made by 44 students when performing this technique and how these mistakes relate. In order to do so, an observational analysis was carried out using the OSJUDO-UKG instrument and the data were registered using Match Vision Studio (Castellano, Perea, Alday and Hernández, 2008). The results, analyzed through descriptive statistics, show that the absence of a correct initial unbalancing movement (45,5%), the lack of proper right-arm pull (56,8%), not blocking the faller's body (Uke) against the thrower's hip -Tori- (54,5%) and throwing the Uke through the Tori's side are the most usual mistakes (72,7%). Through the sequencial analysis of T-Patterns obtained with the THÈME program (Magnusson, 1996, 2000) we have concluded that not blocking the body with the Tori's hip provokes the Uke's throw through the Tori's side during the final phase of the technique (95,8%), and positioning the right arm on the dorsal region of the Uke's back during the Tsukuri entails the absence of a subsequent pull of the Uke's body (73,3%). Key PointsIn this study, the most frequent errors in the performance of the Uki Goshi technique have been determined and the existing relations among these mistakes have been shown through T-Patterns.The SOBJUDO-UKG is an observation instrument for detecting mistakes in the aforementioned technique.The results show that those mistakes related to the initial imbalancing movement and the main driving action of the technique are the most frequent.The use of T-Patterns turns out to be effective in order to obtain the most important relations among the observed errors.

Evolución de pacientes con lesión renal aguda secundaria a complicaciones obstétricas tratadas con terapia de reemplazo renal continua / Evolution of patients with acute kidney injury secondary to obstetric complications treated with continuous renal replacement therapy / Evolução de pacientes com lesão renal aguda secundária a complicações obstétricas tratadas com terapia renal substitutiva contínua

Resumen: Introducción: La lesión renal aguda asociada al embarazo o complicaciones obstétricas (PR-AKI) es una enfermedad que ocurre por múltiples etiologías, de la cual poco se ha estudiado, estimándose una mortalidad de 4.3%. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las pacientes con lesión renal aguda secundaria a complicaciones obstétricas (PR-AKI) que recibieron terapia de reemplazo renal continua (TRRC) en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia, Michoacán. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo. Se realizó una revisión de expedientes de pacientes que requirieron TRRC secundario a complicaciones obstétricas durante enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2019. Se aplicó la prueba t de Student, considerando los resultados estadísticamente significativos si p < 0.05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 pacientes que requirieron TRRC. La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 26.18 años. Los criterios de TRRC fueron tener AKI grado 2 o 3 y RIFLE etapa lesión o fracaso; potasio ≥ 6.5 mEq/L; urea ≥ 150 mg/dL; índice urinario ≤ 0.5 mL; pH < 7.10 y HCO3 ≤ 20 mEq/L; SCr ≥ 2.4 mg/dL; sobrecarga hídrica > 10%; BUN > 30 mg/dL. Conclusiones: La incidencia de mujeres que requieren TRRC es de 3.2 casos/100 complicaciones obstétricas. Noventa y dos por ciento de las pacientes tuvieron recuperación de la función renal, mientras que la progresión a enfermedad renal crónica dependiente de otras modalidades de terapia de sustitución renal fue de 8%.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute kidney injury associated with pregnancy or obstetric complications (PR-AKI) is a disease that occurs due to multiple etiologies of which little has been studied, with an estimated mortality of 4.3%. Objective: To analyze the evolution of patients with acute kidney injury secondary to obstetric complications (PR-AKI) who received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia, Michoacán. Material and methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study. A review of the records of patients who required CRRT secondary to obstetric complications was carried out during January 2013-December 2019. The Student's t test was applied, considering the statistically significant results if p < 0.05. Results: Thirteen patients who required CRRT were included. The mean age of the patients was 26.18 years. The CRRT criteria were: AKI grade 2 or 3 and RIFLE stage injury or failure and potassium ≥ 6.5 mEq/L; urea ≥ 150 mg/dL; urinary index ≤ 0.5 mL; pH < 7.10 and HCO3 ≤ 20 mEq/L; SCr ≥ 2.4 mg/dL; water overload > 10%; BUN > 30 mg/dL. Conclusions: The incidence of women requiring CRRT is 3.2 cases/100 obstetric complications. Ninety-two percent of the patients had recovery of renal function while the progression to chronic kidney disease dependent on other modalities of renal replacement therapy was 8%.

Resumo: Introdução: A lesão renal aguda associada à gravidez ou complicações obstétricas (PR-LRA) é uma doença que ocorre por múltiplas etiologias das quais pouco tem sido estudada, com mortalidade estimada em 4.3%. Objetivo: Analisar a evolução de pacientes com lesão renal aguda secundária a complicações obstétricas (PR-LRA) que receberam terapia renal substitutiva contínua (TRRC) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital da Mulher de Morelia, Michoacán. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo. Uma revisão dos prontuários de pacientes que necessitaram de TRRC secundária a complicações obstétricas foi realizada durante janeiro de 2013-dezembro de 2019. Foi aplicado o teste t de Student, considerando os resultados estatisticamente significativos se p < 0.05. Resultados: Incluíram-se 13 pacientes que necessitaram de TRRC. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 26.18 anos. Os critérios de TRRC foram ter IRA grau 2 ou 3 e lesão ou falha no estágio RIFLE; potássio ≥ 6.5 mEq/L; ureia ≥ 150 mg/dL; índice urinário ≤ 0.5 mL; pH < 7.10 e HCO3 ≤ 20 mEq/L; SCr ≥ 2.4 mg/dL; sobrecarga hídrica > 10%; BUN > 30 mg/dL. Conclusões: A incidência de mulheres que necessitam de TRRC é de 3.2 casos/100 complicações obstétricas. 92% dos pacientes tiveram recuperação da função renal enquanto a progressão para doença renal crônica dependente de outras modalidades de terapia renal substitutiva foi de 8%.

[Laparoscopic appendectomy. Present situation. ABC medical center experience during the last five years]. / Apendicectomia laparoscópica. Lugar actual. Experiencia del Centro Médico ABC en los ultimos cinco años.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy of laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy. BACKGROUND DATA: Appendectomy is the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. Open Appendectomy (OA) has its complications rates (10-20%) and negative explorations in young women are about 25-30%. Acute appendicitis has a 3.1% morbidity and with perforation up to 47.2% and a mortality rate less than 1%. Advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been shown in many studies with lower intraoperatory and postoperatory complications, less hospitalization days, lower pain and faster return to daily activities when its compared with OA. METHODS: We perform a retrospective and descriptive trial with 1,883 patients with acute appendicitis between January 2000 to September 2004. Patients smaller than 15 years old and with other postoperatory diagnosis were excluded. Ji2 and t Student statistic tests were performed. RESULTS: We obtained 1,272 patients with acute appendicitis, 49% male and 51% female. LA was performed in 732 patients, 46.1% male and 53.9% female and OA was performed in 541 patients, 52.6% male and 47.3% female. Similar midage patients in both groups. LS was performed in 180 patients with complicated appendicitis and 116 patients by OA. LA was converted to open surgery in 4.5% patients. Morbidity was lower for laparoscopic group with statistical difference. There were no difference in fasting and hospitalization days. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is a good choice for differential diagnosis overall in young women and complicated appendicitis with lower morbidity than the OA.

Relationship between Short-Form Health SF36 Questionnaire and oxygen uptake in healthy workers.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with better health levels, and cardiopulmonary fitness is recognized as one of the best indicators of physical performance, which can be related with some items of quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the QoL and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) of healthy workers, measured with the Short-Form Health Survey SF36 and incremental cardiopulmonary Test. METHODS: Sample was formed by 250 healthy workers (90 men, mean age 37.25 and 160 female, mean age 37.91). RESULTS: Analyzing the results, VO2's Mean values were higher in men (39.00 mL/kg/min SD 7.56) than in women (29.70 mL/kg/min SD 5.73) with significant differences (P<0.01). We found differences in all dimensions of SF36 indicating that men had higher scores than women, but significant differences between both are present only in physical functioning (PF) (P<0.01). Correlating the values obtained in the domains of Questionnaire SF36 and the Vo2 Max, correlation was significant (positive) in PF (0.276), bodily pain (0.189), general health (0.155), vitality (0.241) and mental health (0.129). Results showed that better cardiorespiratory fitness is related to higher scores in SF36. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that if the values of oxygen uptake in healthy workers are higher, results in SF36 will be better. Therefore it can be assumed that having a good fitness means having a better QoL.

Sobrecarga hídrica de pacientes con complicaciones obstétricas que requieren terapia de reemplazo renal continua / Fluid overload of patients with obstetric complications requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy / Sobrecarga hidrica de pacientes com complicações obstétricas que requerem terapia de substituição renal contínua

Resumen: Introducción: La sobrecarga hídrica es un fenómeno frecuente cuyo manejo es un elemento clave, ya que se ha relacionado con disfunción orgánica y mayor mortalidad. A la fecha no existe un consenso sobre el manejo óptimo de fluidos para pacientes con lesión renal aguda asociada con complicaciones obstétricas (PR-AKI). Objetivo: Evaluar la sobrecarga hídrica en las pacientes con PR-AKI que requieren terapia de reemplazo renal continua (TRRC). Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, comparativo. Se realizó una revisión de expedientes de pacientes con PR-AKI y que requirieron TRRC durante el periodo de enero de 2013-diciembre de 2019 en el Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia. Resultados: Ingresaron a la UCI del Hospital de la Mujer 15 pacientes de 2013-2019. La edad promedio fue de 26.15 años. El peso promedio a su ingreso fue de 75.71 kg con un porcentaje de sobrecarga hídrica de 13.7%. La gravedad de las pacientes según la clasificación APACHE II fue de 23.6 puntos. El promedio de la estancia intrahospitalaria dentro de la UCI fue de 13.1 días, mientras que el promedio de ventilación mecánica asistida fue de 7.5 días. Conclusiones: La sobrecarga hídrica de las pacientes con PR-AKI fue de 13.7%; se asocia a mayores días de estancia dentro de la unidad de cuidados intensivos y más días de ventilación mecánica asistida; sin embargo, no es un factor que indique progresión a enfermedad renal crónica o a la muerte en este grupo de pacientes.

Abstract: Introduction: Water overload is a frequent phenomenon whose management is a key element since it has been related to organ dysfunction and higher mortality. To date, there is no consensus on the optimal fluid management for patients with acute kidney injury associated with obstetric complications (PR-AKI). Objective: To evaluate fluid overload in patients with PR-AKI who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Material and methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out. A review of the records of patients with PR-AKI and who required CRRT was carried out during the period of January 2013-December 2019 at the Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia. Results: 15 patients from 2013-2019 were admitted to the ICU of the Women's Hospital. The average age of the patients was 26.15 years. The average weight of the patients upon admission was 75.71 kg with a percentage of fluid overload of 13.7%. The severity of the patients according to the APACHE II classification was 23.6 points. The average hospital stay within the ICU was 13.1 days, while the average assisted mechanical ventilation was 7.5 days. Conclusions: The fluid overload of the patients with PR-AKI was 13.7%; It is associated with longer days of stay within the Intensive Care Unit and more days of assisted mechanical ventilation, however, it is not a factor that indicates progression to chronic kidney disease or death in this group of patients.

Resumo: Introdução: A sobrecarga de água é um fenômeno frequente cujo manejo é um elemento chave, uma vez que tem sido relacionado a disfunções orgânicas e maiores mortalidade. Até o momento, não há consenso sobre o manejo ideal de fluidos para pacientes com lesão renal aguda associada a complicações obstétricas (PR-AKI). Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrecarga de fluidos em pacientes com PR-AKI que requerem terapia de substituição renal contínua (CRRT). Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo, transversal, comparativo. Uma revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes foi realizada com PR-AKI e que exigiu TRRC durante o período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro 2019 no Hospital Feminino de Morelia. Resultados: 15 pacientes de 2013 foram admitidos na UTI do Hospital de la Mujer- 2019. A idade média era de 26,15 anos. O peso médio na admissão era de 75,71 kg com um percentual de sobrecarga hídrica de 13,7%. A gravidade de os pacientes pela classificação APACHE II foi de 23,6 pontos. A média de internação na UTI foi de 13,1 dias, enquanto a média de ventilação mecânica assistida foi de 7,5 dias. Conclusões: A sobrecarga hídrica dos pacientes com PR-LRA foi13.7%; está associado a dias mais longos passados ​​na unidade de cuidados ventilação mecânica intensiva e mais dias assistida; no entanto, não é um fator que indica progressão para doença renal crônica ou morte neste grupo de pacientes.

Subdiagnóstico de la lesión renal aguda en pacientes obstétricas complicadas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Underdiagnosis of acute kidney injury in complicated obstetric patients in the Intensive Care Unit / Subdiagnóstico da lesão renal aguda em pacientes obstétricas complicadas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Resumen: Objetivo: Definir la prevalencia y factores asociados de lesión renal aguda en el embarazo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de la Mujer, Morelia, Michoacán, México. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo de enero de 2013 a agosto de 2018. Pacientes: 213 expedientes de pacientes obstétricas complicadas. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes obstétricas complicadas que ingresaron a la UCI, pacientes que cumplieron criterios para lesión renal aguda. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con lesión renal crónica, expediente clínico no disponible. Sólo 154 cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: Se incluyeron 154 pacientes obstétricas complicadas; un promedio de 25.6p ± 1.6 por año. Treinta y seis por ciento tuvo diagnóstico de eclampsia; 35.3% preeclampsia; 29.3% síndrome de HELLP; 19.3% hemorragia obstétrica, 10% sepsis. Se demostró asociación de PR-AKI con síndrome de HELLP (p = 0.0003) y preeclampsia (p = 0.01). Se encontró un subdiagnóstico de 36.7% al buscar PR-AKI utilizando los criterios RIFLE y AKI (p = 0.000007). De las pacientes con PR-AKI grado 3, sólo 20% requirió terapia de reemplazo renal continua. Conclusiones: La lesión renal asociada al embarazo complicado tiene una prevalencia de 6.7%. Las complicaciones asociadas a PR-AKI son síndrome de HELLP y preeclampsia. La PR-AKI está subdiagnosticada hasta en 36.7%.

Abstract: Objective: To define the prevalence and associated factors of acute renal injury in pregnancy (PR-AKI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Women's Hospital, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. Material and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study from January 2013-August 2018. Ambit: Intensive Care Unit of the Women's Hospital. Patients: We reviewed 213 files of complicated obstetric patients. Inclusion criteria: complicated obstetric patients that merit admission to the ICU, patients who met criteria for LRA. Exclusion criteria: patients with chronic. Main variables of interest: Complicated obstetric patients (preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, hemorrhagic shock and sepsis). It was investigated if they developed PR-AKI. Results: 154 complicated obstetric patients were included; an average of 25.6p ± 1.6 per year. 36% had a diagnosis of eclampsia; 35.3% pre-eclampsia; 29.3% HELLP syndrome; 19.3% obstetric hemorrhage, 10% sepsis. Association of PR-AKI with HELLP syndrome (p = 0.0003) and pre-eclampsia (p = 0.01) was demonstrated. A subdiagnosis of 36.7% was found when searching for PR-AKI using the RIFLE and AKI criteria (p = 0.000007). Of the patients with PR-AKI grade 3, 20% required continuous renal replacement therapy. Conclusions: Renal injury associated with complicated pregnancy has a prevalence of 6.7%. The complications that most develop PR-AKI are HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia. PR-AKI is underdiagnosed.

Resumo: Objetivo: Definir a prevalência e os fatores associados à Lesão Renal Aguda na gravidez na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital de la Mujer, Morelia, Michoacán, México. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal e descritivo de janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2018. Pacientes: 213 prontuários obstétricos complicados. Critérios de inclusão: pacientes obstétricas complicadas admitidas na UTI, pacientes que preencheram os critérios para Lesão Renal Aguda. Critérios de exclusão: pacientes com Lesão Renal Crônica, ficha clínica não disponível. Apenas 154 atenderam aos critérios de seleção. Resultados: 154 pacientes obstétricas complicadas foram incluídas; uma média de 25.6p ± 1.6 por ano. 36% tiveram diagnóstico de eclâmpsia; 35.3% pré-eclâmpsia; 29.3% síndrome HELLP; 19.3% hemorragia obstétrica, 10% sepse. Foi demonstrada uma associação de PR-AKI com síndrome HELLP (p = 0.0003) e pré-eclâmpsia (p = 0.01). Foi encontrado subdiagnóstico de 36.7% na busca de PR-AKI pelos critérios RIFLE e AKI (p = 0.000007). Dos pacientes com PR-AKI grau 3, 20% necessitaram de terapia de reposição renal contínua. Conclusões: Lesões renais associadas à gravidez complicada apresentam prevalência de 6.7%. As complicações associadas à PR-AKI são a síndrome HELLP e a pré-eclâmpsia. PR-AKI é subdiagnosticado em até 36.7%.

What Could Posturography Tell Us About Balance Problems in Parkinson's Disease?

OBJECTIVE: Impaired balance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to loss of balance and frequent falls. Computerized dynamic posturography allows the assessment of stance tasks whereas mobile posturography analyzes the balance in free-field conditions, where falls among PD patients commonly occur (e.g. sitting down or standing up). The aim of the present study is to assess postural stability in PD patients with both techniques. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University Hospitals, ambulatory care (outpatient clinic). PATIENTS: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD. INTERVENTION: Balance assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC), composite score of sensory organization test (SOT), results of free-field body sway analysis (standard balance deficit test (SBDT)), or geriatric SBDT. RESULTS: PD patients showed a significantly higher sway in the roll direction in almost all of the SBDT conditions. Also, pathological sway compared with normative values was more prominent in complex tasks. There is a significant correlation between the different objective variables of the postural study (SOT and SBDT) and the ABC, but not with the DHI. Finally, the percentage of PD patients with a pathological score in SOT-composite score was 54.5% whereas in SBDT-composite score it was significantly higher (93.9%). CONCLUSION: Mobile posturography is more accurate in depicting the reality of balance impairment in PD patients than platform posturography. Also, ABC relates better than DHI to the significant psychological consequences of balance impairments. An increased lateral trunk sway seems to be a key factor of postural instability in PD patients.

Is posturography able to identify fallers in patients with Parkinson's disease?

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson' disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and more than half of patients with PD experience falls. Research for clinically useful risk factors predicting falls has yielded inconsistent findings so far. Hence the aim of the study is to validate two different posturography techniques and one modified-timed up and go test (TUG) in discriminating fallers and non-fallers among PD patients. METHODS: 32 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD were assessed with: Dizziness handicap inventory, Activities-specific balance confidence scale, modified-TUG, sensorial organization test (SOT) and limits of stability (LOS) of computer dynamic posturography, results of free-field body sway analysis with Vertiguard device and number of falls. RESULTS: Fallers had longer time to perform modified-TUG and required more steps. On average, fallers performed SOT and LOS significantly worse and Vertiguard device indicated a higher risk of falling. Based on the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics analyses, the overall accuracy of directional control of LOS and steps in modified-TUG are close to 0.9 (high accuracy). Also assessment with Vertiguard device is more efficient in identifying fallers than the parameters of SOT. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that LOS, mobile posturography (Vertiguard), vestibular input of SOT and number of steps taken in modified-TUG are very useful to identify fallers in PD patients.

Influence of the cognitive impairment level on the performance of the Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG) in elderly institutionalized people.

The purpose of this study was to determine clinical variables influence (comorbid medical condition, functional independence, depressive and neuropsychiatric symptoms) on the performance of the TUG, taking into account the level of cognitive impairment in elderly institutionalized people. A cross-sectional analysis of 405 sedentary older adults living in rural home care facilities was carried out. All the participants performed the TUG and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Those who were screened positive for cognitive impairment carried out a battery of specific test aimed to assess their functional independence (Katz Index (KI)), memory function (Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME)), depressive symptoms (Cornell Scale) and neuropsychiatric disturbances (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)). Applying multiple linear regression, TUG was associated with age (ß=0.161, p<0.001), MMSE (ß=-0.013, p<0.001) and KI (ß=0.621, p<0.001). According to the defined regression model, it was noticed that the higher the level of cognitive impairment, the lower the adjustment of the model (R(2)=0.593; R(2)=0.493; R(2)=0.478). In conclusion, it seems that the performance of the TUG in institutionalized elderly people who screened positive for dementia, is mainly influenced by their functional independence and their age. Comorbid medical condition, depressive and neuropsychiatric symptoms do not seem to show any association, regardless of the level of cognitive impairment.

[Treatment and control of patients with phenylketonuria: results from the Collaborative Group of Spanish Follow-up Units]. / Tratamiento y control de los pacientes con fenilcetonuria: resultados del Grupo Colaborativo de Unidades de Seguimiento en España.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Spanish metabolic units and to develop a patients registry. PATIENTS AND METHODS: PKU patients diagnosed and/or followed up in Spain, with phenylalanine values before treatment > 360 µmol/L. Registered anonymous data are those yielded by the units during 2010. RESULTS: Data from the 18 Spanish Follow-up Units were collected. Eighty-three per cent of Units are multidisciplinary, all of them corresponding to control patients of all ages, with uniform management criteria. Data of 688 PKU patients were registered (median: 14 years [1 month-53 years], 41.5% are presently > 18-year-old. 71.8% patients came from neonatal screening; 15.8% have mild-PKU, 26% moderate-PKU and 51.5% classic-PKU. 78.6% patients are treated with protein-restricted diet, 9.3% with BH4 and free diet and 7.8% with BH4 and diet. Dietary control was good in 58.6% patients, intermediate in 26% and poor in 15.3%. Median (range) intellectual quotients was 97 (25-145). The number of neurological complications in late diagnosed patients was three-times higher than those of neonatal screening patients. 13.3% of adults had university studies and 37.5% had a stable couple. CONCLUSIONS: This study allows for the first time the evaluation of the PKU management by Spanish PKU Follow-up Units, as well as the analysis and registry of controlled PKU patients. The study makes evident the need of adult Follow-up Units and the importance of neonatal screening for PKU patients prognosis.

Effects of radio frequency identification-related radiation on in vitro biologics.

The recent developments on the use of e-pedigree to identify the chain of custody of drugs suggests the use of advanced track and trace technologies such as two-dimensional barcodes and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. RFID technology is used mainly for valuable commodities such as pharmaceutical products while incorporating additional functionalities like monitoring environmental variables to ensure product safety and quality. In its guidance for the use of RFID technologies for drugs (Compliance Policy Guide Section 400.210), the Food and Drug Administration outlined multiple parameters that would apply to any study or application using RFID. However, drugs approved under a Biologics License Application or protein drugs covered by a New Drug Application were excluded mainly due to concerns about the effects of radio frequency radiation (thermal and/or non-thermal) on biologics. Even though the thermal effects of radio frequency on biologics are relatively well understood, there are few studies in the literature about the non-thermal effects of radio frequency with regards to the protein structure integrity. In this paper, we analyze the non-thermal effects of radio frequency radiation by exposing a wide variety of biologics including biopharmaceuticals with vaccines, hormones, and immunoglobulins, as well as cellular blood products such as red blood cells and whole blood-derived platelets as well as fresh frozen plasma. In order to represent the majority of the frequency spectrum used in RFID applications, five different frequencies (13.56 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz) are used to account for the most commonly used international frequency bands for RFID. With the help of specialized radio frequency signal-generating hardware, magnetic and electromagnetic fields are created around the exposed products with power levels greater than Federal Communications Commission-regulated limits. The in vitro test results on more than 100 biopharmaceutical products from eight major pharmaceutical companies as well, as different blood products, show no non-thermal effect by radio frequency radiation. LAY ABSTRACT: Forthcoming requirements, such as the California Board of Pharmacy Track and Trace initiative regarding the use of e-pedigree to identify the chain of custody of drugs, suggest the use of advanced track and trace technologies such as two-dimensional barcodes and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. When used for pharmaceuticals, RFID technology can support additional functionalities like monitoring temperature to ensure product safety. In its guidance for the use of RFID technologies for drugs, the Food and Drug Administration outlined multiple parameters that would apply to pilot studies using RFID while excluding drugs approved under a Biologics License Application or protein drugs covered by a New Drug Application due to concerns about the effects of radio frequency radiation on biologics. Even though the effects of radio frequency on biologics due to temperature changes are relatively well understood, there are few studies in the literature about other effects of radio frequency that can occur without a noticeable change in temperature. In this paper, we expose a wide variety of biologics including biopharmaceuticals to radio frequency radiation at different frequencies, as well as cellular blood products and plasma to high frequency radiation. The in vitro test results show no detectable effect due to radio frequency radiation.