Two-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide-Surfactant Photoactive Supramolecular Networks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications for the Conversion of Light Energy.

The desire to harness solar energy to address current global environmental problems led us to investigate two-dimensional (2D) core-shell hybrid photocatalysts in the form of a 2D-TiO2-surfactant, mainly composed of fatty acids. The bulk products, prepared by two slightly different methods, consist of stacked host-guest hybrid sheets held together by van der Waals forces between alkyl carboxylate moieties, favoring the synergistic conjugation of the photophysical properties of the core and the hydrophobicity of the self-assembled surfactant monolayer of the shell. X-ray diffraction and the vibrational characteristics of the products revealed the influence of synthesis strategies on two types of supramolecular aggregates that differ in the core chemical structure, guest conformers of alkyl surfactant tails and type, and the bilayer and monolayer of the structure of nanocomposites. The singular ability of the TiO2 core to anchor carboxylate leads to commensurate hybrids, in contrast to both layered clay and layered double-hydroxide-based ion exchangers which have been previously reported, making them potentially interesting for modeling the role of fatty acids and lipids in bio-systems. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the products, mainly in composites with smaller bandgap semiconductors, are qualitatively similar to those of nanostructured TiO2 but improve their photoresponse due to bandgap shifts and the extreme aspect-ratio characteristics of two-dimensional TiO2 confinement. These results could be seen as a proof-of-concept of the potential of these materials to create custom-designed 2D-TiO2-surfactant supramolecular photocatalysts.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis After Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) are independent risk factors for development of cholelithiasis (CL), a prevalent disease in the Chilean population. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CL in obese Chilean patients 12 months after BS and identify risk factors for development of gallstones. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients who underwent BS in 2014. Patients with preoperative negative abdominal ultrasound (US) for CL and follow-up for at least than 12 months were included. Patients underwent US at 6 months and 12 months. We analyzed sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure, percentage of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) at 6 months, and BMI at 6 months. RESULTS: Of 279 patients who underwent bariatric surgery during 2014, 66 had previous gallbladder disease and 176 met the inclusion criteria (82.6%), while 54.6% were female. The mean age was 37.8 ± 10.5 years and preoperative BMI was 37.5 kg/m2. BMI and %EBMIL at 6 months were 27.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2 and 77.9 ± 33.6%, respectively. At 12 months after BS, CL was found in 65 patients (36.9%). Hypertension turned out to be protective against occurrence of gallstones at 1 year with an OR 0.241. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of CL was up to one-third of the patients followed up for 12 months after BS. Excessive weight loss and other variables studied did not increase risk. Hypertension seems to be protective against gallstone formation, but this result needs further analysis.

Correction to: Surgical Morbidity in the Elderly Bariatric Patient: Does Age Matter?

Due to a metadata tagging error the name of author Andrés Esteban San Martín was indexed incorrectly. The author's given name is Andrés Esteban and his family name is San Martín.

Surgical Morbidity in the Elderly Bariatric Patient: Does Age Matter?

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global health problem that also affects older adults. In Chile, as in most of the developing countries, more than half of older adults are overweight or obese, and bariatric surgery may be riskier for this group. The aim of this study is to compare our experience in patients over 60 years of age with a control group to determine associated surgical morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Case-control study of bariatric surgeries performed between 2006 and 2017 in our institution. Patients aged ≥ 60 years for the case group versus control group for patients ≤ 50 years selected randomly, matched by body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, surgical technique, and gender (ratio 1:2). Primary endpoint was surgical morbidity, 30-day readmission, and mortality. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients in case group were matched with 144 patients in control group. Surgical complications rate was the same for both groups. No differences were observed in the conversion to open surgery rate or 30-day readmission rate. There was no mortality in this series. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, being elderly does not increase the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with bariatric surgery.

Long-term weight loss in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become an option as a bariatric surgical technique. There is a lack of long-term results of this procedure in the literature. The aim of this study is to present weight loss results of LSG for up to 7 years of follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective series of patients who underwent LSG between 2008 and 2011 was examined. The primary endpoint was weight loss: percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), and body mass index (BMI) were reported. Failure was defined as %EWL<50%. Multivariate analysis for weight loss was performed. The complications rate was reported. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients met the inclusion criteria; 76.3% were female. Mean preoperative BMI was 36 ± 4 kg/m2. Mean operative time was 89.3 ± 3.2 minutes. Follow-up at 5, 6, and 7 years was 77.7%, 83.3%, and 82.2%, respectively. Mean %EWL and %TWL at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 93.2%, 80.7%, 70.6%, and 51.7%, and 27.2%, 23.3%, 20.4%, and 16.3%, respectively. The failure rate was 30.4% at the fifth year and 51.4% at the seventh year. High preoperative BMI was related to worse %EWL (P<0.001) but not to %TWL. Preoperative BMI<35 kg/m2 was associated with better %EWL but not with %TWL (P = 0.003). Four leaks (2.7%) and no mortalities were reported. CONCLUSIONS: LSG is an acceptable surgical technique for weight loss, but in this series, up to one third of the patients fail at the fifth year and half fail in the seventh year. %EWL is better in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2, but this difference disappears when we express outcomes with %TWL.

Infecciones osteoarticulares en niños / Osteoarticular infections in children

Las infecciones osteorticulares (IOA) en el niño son una causa importante de morbilidad y secuelas. Su pesquisa oportuna y el tratamiento eficiente pueden lograr excelentes resultados. La mejoría en las condiciones de salud de la población, y el cambio de los agentes etiológicos han variado la forma de presentación y tratamiento. La existencia de gérmenes como Kingella kingae y Staphilococcus aureus multiresistente, contribuyen a la variabilidad de presentación de las infecciones osteoarticulares.El manejo de estas patologías requiere de un conocimiento del cuadro clínico, de los métodos de diagnóstico y las herramientas terapéuticas. Para obtener buenos resultados es requisito básico el enfrentamiento de estos pacientes en un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas.En este manuscrito revisaremos los aspectos fundamentales de las infecciones osteoarticulares, según el enfoque que aplicamos en nuestros pacientes.

Osteoarticular infections are a substantial cause of morbidity and sequelae in children. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment can achieve excellent results. The improvement in the health conditions of the population and the change in the etiological agents have produced changes in their presentation and their required treatment. The existence of germs like Kingella kingae and Staphilococcus aureus multiresistant contribute to the variability of presentation of osteoarticular infections.The appropriate management of these pathologies requires knowledge of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic tools. To obtain good results, it is a basic requirement that these patients be confronted by a multidisciplinary team of specialists.In this manuscript we will review the most fundamental aspects of osteoarticular infections according to the approach we apply to our patients

Diversidad, riqueza de especies y abundancia relativa de mosquitos adultos (Diptera: Culicidae) en localidades del municipio Gran Sabana, edo. Bolívar / Diversity, species richness and relative abundance of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in localities of the Gran Sabana municipality, Bolívar state

Este estudio forma parte de la primera etapa de una serie de estudios sobre la ecología, biodiversidad y biogeografía de los mosquitos de la familia Culicidae de Venezuela, principalmente en Bolívar y Delta Amacuro. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la composición de especies, la abundancia y la biodiversidad de mosquitos (Diptera; Culicidae) en el municipio Gran Sabana del estado Bolívar. Las capturas de mosquitos adultos se realizaron con aspiradores bucales mediante capturas por atracción al cebo humano y con trampas de luz negra. Se determinó la riqueza de especies, su abundancia relativa e índices ecológicos de diversidad Shannon-Wiener (H'), equidad de Simpson (E) y dominancia-D, del área general de estudio y sitios o comunidades de muestreo. Los resultados del estudio, generaron el registro de 7.860 ejemplares adultos de Culicidae identificados a nivel de especie, pertenecientes a 69 especies y 17 géneros, de ellos 7.797 (99,19%) fueron hembras adultas capturadas picando o con trampas de luz y 63 (0,81%) fueron machos capturados con trampas de luz. El 16,6% (1.297) de las hembras fue atraído por trampas de luz y el 83,4% (6.500) por cebo humano. Entre las especies más abundantes del estudio están: Culex quinquefasciatus (26,67 %), Anopheles peryassui (12,32 %), Aedes aegypti (11,87 %), Coquilletidia juxtamansonia (8,28 %), Anopheles braziliensis (6,97 %) Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (6,39 %), Coquilletidia nigricans (2,88 %), Coquilletidia venezuelensis (2,51 %) y Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (2,44 %), las cuales en conjunto representan 80,33 % del total de adultos capturado. Se discuten algunos aspectos sobre su ecología, importancia médica y el riesgo epidemiológico que representan para el país algunas especies reportadas. La diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H') del área general de estudio fue de 2,665, la equidad de Simpson (E) fue igual a 0,8787222 y la dominancia (D) fue de 0,1213. El mayor índice de diversidad (Shannon-Wiener) ocurrió en Chiririka (2,675), seguido de Betania (2,409), Santa Elena Capital (2,354), Manak-Krü (2,203) y Waramasén (2,181). En cuanto a la riqueza de especies por localidad, las comunidades con mayor riqueza de especies fueron: Santa Elena (Capital), Waramasén y Chiririka con 50, 35 y 30 especies respectivamente, seguidas por San Antonio del Morichal con 23 y Kinok-Pon Parú, con 22 especies(AU)

This is the first part of a series of studies related to biodiversity, ecological and biogeographic aspects of the mosquitoes of Culicidae family in Venezuela. The objective of this study was the ecological characterization of species composition, diversity and abundance of Culicidae mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Gran Sabana Municipality, Bolívar State. Mosquitoes were captured in adult collections, with aspirators on human landing catches and with black light traps. A total of 7.860 adult's mosquitoes were collected and 69 species and 17 genera of Culicidae were identified. A total of 7.797 mosquitoes (99.19%) were females and 63 (0,81%) were males. Some 16,6 % (1.297) of females mosquitoes were attracted to the light traps and 83,4% (6.500) to human bait. The most abundant species in adult stage were: Culex quinquefasciatus (26,67%), Anopheles peryassui (12,32 %), Aedes aegypti (11,87 %), Coquilletidia juxtamansonia (8,28%), Anopheles braziliensis (6,97%), Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (6,39%), Coquilletidia nigricans (2,88%), Coquilletidia venezuelensis (2,51%) and Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (2,44%). Their medical importance of some mosquito species is commented, and some ecological and epidemiological aspects of the mosquito reported are discussed. The diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) of the estudy area was 2,665, the Simpson equity index was 0, 8787222 and the index of dominance was 0, 1213. The higher diversity index was registered in Chiririka (2,675), Betania (2,409), Santa Elena Capital (2,354), Manak-Krü (2,203) and Waramasén (2,181). The higher species richness was registered in Santa Elena (50 species), Waramasén (35 species), Chiririka (30 species), San Antonio del Morichal (23 species) and Kinok-Pon Parú (22 species) (AU)

Respuesta a atrayentes químicos y actividad horaria de Anopheles Meigen spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) en un área malárica del estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Response to chemical attractants and host seeking behavior of Anopheles Meigen spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of Bolívar State, Venezuela

Se evaluó la eficiencia de la trampa Mosquito Magnet Liberty PlusTM (MMLP) cebada con los atrayentes químicos 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) y Lurex 3TM (L-ácido láctico) junto con dióxido de carbono (CO2) para recolectar anofelinos en la localidad Ye'kwana de Boca de Nichare, municipio Sucre, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. La trampa fue operada entre las 18:00 y 06:00 horas, durante 10 noches por mes, durante cuatro meses (Julio ­ Octubre, 2015), alternándose cada noche el atrayente. A fin de caracterizar la actividad nocturna de los anofelinos, cada cuatro horas se cambiaba la jaulita donde eran atrapados los mosquitos. Se capturaron cinco especies de Anopheles y cuatro de Culicinae, siendo las más abundantes, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root y Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) sensu lato. El ANOVA factorial no paramétrico de Transformación de Rangos Alineados para la variable atrayente y sus interacciones con especie e intervalo horario no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05). Estas especies muestran comportamientos diferentes: An. darlingi tiene el pico de actividad nocturna entre las 22:00 y 02:00 horas, mientras que en An. oswaldoi s.l. se observa un incremento de la actividad nocturna progresivamente que se mantiene durante el intervalo 02:00-06:00 horas. Los resultados permiten concluir que la trampa MMLP cebada con octenol o Lurex es un método alternativo de recolección de mosquitos para la vigilancia entomológica en áreas maláricas remotas con población indígena. La actividad horaria de los vectores An. darlingi y An. oswaldoi s.l. sugiere que el uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticidas puede resultar un método efectivo para el control de la transmisión de malaria en esta zona del país(AU)

The efficiency of the Mosquito Magnet Liberty PlusTM (MMLP) trap was evaluated baited with the chemical attractants 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and Lurex3M (L-lactic acid) together with carbon dioxide (CO2) to collect anophelines in the Amerindian village Boca de Nichare, Sucre municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela. The trap was operated between 18:00 and 06: hours, 10 nights per month for four months (July-October 2015), the attractants were alternated nightly. To determine the host seeking behavior of anophelines, the trap cage was changed every 4 hours. Five species of Anopheles and four of Culicinae were collected; Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root and Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú) sensu lato were the most abundant species collected. The Align Rank Transform (ART) test for nonparametric ANOVA for the variable attractant and its interactions with species and hour interval were not significant (p > 0.05). An. darlingi and An. oswaldoi s.l. showed contrasting host seeking activity: An. darlingi showed a peak between 22:00 and 02:00 hours, while in An. oswaldoi s.l. there was a steady increase in activity up to the interval 02:00-06:00 hours. The MMLP trap baited either with octenol or Lurex is an alternative method for entomological surveillance in remote Amerindian malaria endemic areas. The biting activity of the vectors An. darlingi and An. oswaldoi s.l. suggests that the use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets could be an effective method to control the transmission of malaria in this area(AU)

Morphological characters of adult Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara in Venezuela.

A morphometric study was carried out to find diagnostic characters with which to update taxonomic keys for field identification of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara and the 3 other sympatric Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) species (An. darlingi, An. argyritarsis, and An. braziliensis) that occur in Venezuela. Diagnostic random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction markers from wild-caught specimens showed that An. marajoara was the only species in the Anopheles albitarsis complex collected in Venezuela.

New records of mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae) from bolívar state in South eastern Venezuela, with 27 new species for the state and 5 of them new in the country.

This is the first part of a series of studies related to mosquito ecological and biogeographic aspects. A total of 69 mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) was collected in 16 localities sampled in the Gran Sabana Municipality, Canaima National Park, and Venezuela. Twenty-seven mosquito species are recorded for the first time from Bolívar State, Venezuela. Five of them species are reported for the first time in Venezuela: Anopheles malefactor Dyar and Knab (1907); Chagasia bonneae Root (1927); Chagasia ablusa Harbach (2009); Culex anduzei Lane (1944), and Uranotaenia leucoptera Theobald (1907). Their medical importance is commented, and ecological and epidemiological aspects are discussed. A checklist of the mosquito species reported in the Gran Sabana County is given.

Revisión de la colección del género Chagasia (Diptera: Culicidae) del Museo Entomológico "Dr. Pablo Cova Garcia", Maracay, Venezuela / Revision of the collection of the genus Chagasia (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Entomological Museum "Dr. Pablo Cova Garcia", Maracay, Venezuela

Se revisaron un total de 506 montajes permanentes de diferentes estadios de mosquitos del género Chagasia Cruz de la colección del Museo “Dr. Pablo Cova García”, S.A. Instituto de Altos Estudios “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon”, Maracay. Especímenes previamente identificados como Ch. bathana (Dyar) fueron confirmados como Ch. bonnae Root. Se concluye que hasta el presente, al menos en el estado Bolívar, solo están presentes Ch. bonnae y Ch. ablusa Harbach,estando en discusión la presencia de Ch. bathana en Venezuela.

A total of 506 specimens of mosquitoes from the genus Chagasia Cruz housed in the "Dr. Pablo Cova García" Museum at the Instituto de Altos Estudios, Maracay, were examined. Specimens previously identified as Ch. bathana (Dyar) were confirmed as Ch. bonnae Root. We can conclude that, at least in Bolívar State, only Ch. bonnae and Ch. ablusa Harbach are present. The presence of Ch. bathana in Venezuela remains under discussion.

Registros de altitud de mosquitos anofelinos (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) del Municipio Gran Sabana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, y nuevos datos altitudinales de importancia / Altitude records for anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) from the Gran Sabana municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela, and new relevant altitudinal data

En el presente trabajo se reportan las respectivas altitudes para mosquitos de la tribu Anophelini (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) del Municipio Gran Sabana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Se señalan nuevos registros de altitudes en el país para Chagasia ablusa Harbach, Chagasia bonneae Root y doce especies del género Anopheles. La Gran Sabana cubre una superficie de cerca de 18.000 km², con altitudes que varían de 750 m a 1.450 m. La mayor parte de las tierras altas de la misma, presenta un clima característico de bosques húmedos sub-montanos siempre verdes, con temperaturas promedio anual que oscilan entre 18ºC y 24ºC, con un promedio de precipitación anual entre 2.000 y 3.500 mm, y un corto periodo seco que ocurre entre los meses de Diciembre y Marzo.

Altitude records for mosquitos in the tribe Anophelini (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) from the Gran Sabana municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela are reported. New altitude registers include Chagasia ablusa Harbach, Chagasia bonneae Root and 12 species of Anopheles. The Gran Sabana is an undulating grass-dominated upland savanna covering an area close to 18,000 km², with altitudes ranging from 750 m to 1,450 m. Most of the Gran Sabana highlands have a humid submontane climate, with average annual temperatures ranging between 18ºC and 24ºC, and average annual rainfall between 2,000 and 3,500 mm. It has a very short dry season occurring from December to March.

Abundancia y diversidad de especies de Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) del Alto Orinoco, estado Amazonas, Venezuela / Abundance and species diversity of Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Alto Orinoco, Amazonas, Venezuela

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal en 18 comunidades o shabonos de las localidades Yanomami Ocamo y Mavaca del municipio Alto Orinoco entre Junio 1998 y Diciembre 2000 para caracterizar la fauna de culicinos. Se colocaron trampas CDC dentro de viviendas entre 1900 y 0600 horas a fin de capturar los mosquitos atraídos por personas protegidas por mosquiteros. Se capturaron un total de 4.635 culicinos pertenecientes a nueve géneros y 25 especies. Del total de especies identificadas, 18 especies (72%) constituyen nuevos registros para el estado Amazonas. Las especies más abundantes fueron Mansonia (Mansonia) titillans (48%), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (16,9%) y Culex (Melanoconion) spissipes (12%). Se observaron correlaciones negativamente significativas entre precipitación, nivel del río y abundancia de Ma. titillans y Ae. fulvus. La abundancia y diversidad de especies resultó diferente entre comunidades. La mayor diversidad y abundancia se encontró en las comunidades Santa María de los Guaicas y Carlitos. El esfuerzo de captura, disponibilidad de criaderos y diversidad de hábitats en estas comunidades influye en esta diferencia con respecto a las otras comunidades. El presente constituye el primer y único estudio longitudinal realizado en el estado Amazonas para caracterizar la fauna de culicinos, la cual incluye especies de importancia en salud pública.

A longitudinal study was conducted in 18 communities or "shabonos" in the Yanomami inhabited Ocamo and Mavaca regions in the Alto Orinoco municipality between June 1998 and December 2000. CDC light traps were placed inside dwellings to catch mosquitoes attracted to humans protected by mosquito nets between 1900 and 0600 hours. A total of 4.635 culicines belonging to 9 genera and 25 species were captured. Of the total number of species identified, 18 (72%) are new reports for Amazonas state. The most abundant species were Mansonia (Mansonia) titillans (48%), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (16.9%) and Culex (Melanoconion) spissipes (12%). There were significantly negative correlations between rainfall and river levels, and the abundance of Ma. titillans and Ae. fulvus. The abundance and species diversity of culicines differed among communities, with the highest values of both these parameters found in Santa María de los Guiacas and Carlitos. These differences were partly due to sampling effort but could also have been produced by the availability of larval habitats and niche diversity in these communities compared to the others surveyed. Up until, now this is the only longitudinal study to characterize the culicine fauna in Amazonas state, which includes several species of public health importance.

Primer registro de Culex (Carrollia) anduzei Cerqueira & Lane, 1944 en Venezuela y Culex (Melanoconion) dunni Dyar, 1918 en el estado Bolívar / First record of Culex (Carrollia) anduzei Cerqueira & Lane, 1944 in Venezuela and Culex (Melanoconion) dunni Dyar, 1918 in Bolivar state

En este trabajo se señala por primera vez para Venezuela, la presencia de la especie Culex (Carrollia) anduzei Cerqueira & Lane, la cual estaba registrada solamente en Brasil. Con este nuevo registro, su distribución geográfica en América incluye Brasil y Venezuela. Por otro lado, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de la especie Culex (Melanoconion) dunni Dyar en el estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Este es un vector de la Encefalitis Equina Venezolana.

In this work we report for the first time the presence of Culex (Carrollia) anduzei Cerqueira & Lane in Venezuela. With this new record the geographical distribution of this species in America includes Brazil and Venezuela. Also we report for the first time the presence of Culex (Melanoconion) dunni Dyar in Bolívar state, Venezuela. This is a vector of The Venezuelan Equine Encefalitis.

Primer registro de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi B y Anopheles (Nys) albitarsis F en la cuenca del río Caura, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela / First record of anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi B y anopheles (Nys) albi-tarsis F from the Caura river basin, Bolívar State, Venezuela

Se registran por primera vez anopheles albitarsis F y anopheles oswaldoi B recolectadas en localidades de los municipios Sucre y Cedeño del estado Bolívar. Los análisis morfométricos de hembras adultas mostraron que los caracteres analizados en las manchas claras y oscuras de la vena Costa del ala y los tarsómeros de las patas posteriores para An. albitarsis F caen dentro de los rangos reportados para An. marajora sensu lato, mientras que para An. oswaldoi B los rangos de variación de los caracteres medidos están dentro del rango reportado para An. oswaldoi s.l., An. oswaldoi sensu stricto de Brasil y An. konderi. Sin embargo, el análisis de ADN mitocondrial (región código de barras, 658 pb) mostró una divergencia genética entre An. oswaldoi B y An. oswaldoi s.s. de 3,2%, mientras entre An. albirtarsis F y An. marajoara s.s. esta fue de 5,2%, valores que están por encima de los limites propuestos para delimitación de especies.

Anopheles albitarsis F and Anopheles oswaldoi B were first recorded from collections in Sucre and Cedeño Municipalities, Bolivar State. Morphometric analysis of dark and pale spots on wing Costa and hind tarsomeres of adult females, showed that the range of variation for An. albitarsis F are within the reported ranges for An. marajoara sensu latu For An. oswaldoi B the range of variation are within the ranges reported for An. oswaldoi s.l., An. oswaldoi sensu stricto from Brazil and An. konderi. DNA mitochondrial analysis (Barcode region 658 bp) showed 3.2% of genetic divergence between An. oswaldoi B and An. oswaldoi s.s., while this divergence was 5.2% between An. albirtarsis F and An. marajoara s.s. Both these values are above the proposed limits for species delimitation.

Primer registro para el estado Aragua de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera: Culicidae) / First record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Aragua state, Venezuela

Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) es una especie invasora originaria del sudeste asiático. Está asociada a la transmisión de los 4 serotipos del virus del dengue además de otros arbovirus como la fiebre amarilla y la encefalitis equina venezolana. En este estudio se reporta por primera vez para el estado Aragua la presencia de esta especie, la cual fue colectada en la localidad de Tiara del municipio Santos Michelena. Con este nuevo registro aumenta la distribución geográfica de Aedes albopictus, registrada hasta ahora en Venezuela en Caracas, Distrito Capital, al estado Aragua.

Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an invasive species native to Southeast Asia. This species is associated with the transmission of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and other arboviruses such as yellow fever and Venezuelan equine encephalitis. In this note we report for the first time in Aragua state the occurrence of this species, which was collected in the town of Tiara, Santos Michelena County. The new record increases the geographic distribution of Aedes albopictus, which so far was registered in Venezuela only in Caracas, Capital District, to the Aragua State.

Nuevos registros de mosquitos (Diptera Culicidae) para el estado Bolívar, Venezuela: Dos de ellos nuevos para el país / New records of mosquitoes (Diptera Culicidae) for the state of Bolivar, Venezuela: Two of them new to the country

En el presente trabajo se hace referencia por primera vez para el estado Bolívar de diez y nueve especies de mosquitos (Diptera Culicidae), pertenecientes a diez (10) géneros: Anopheles, Chagasia, Culex, Aedes, Mansonia, Coquilletidia, Uranotaenia, Psorophora, Limatus y Wyeomyia, de las subfamilias Anophelinae y Culicinae. Dos de estas especies, son citadas por primera vez para Venezuela: Chagasia bonneae Root, 1927 y Chagasia ablusa Harbach, 2009.

First report of 19 Culicidae species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Bolivar State is made, belonging to 10 genera of Anophelinae and Culicinae: Anopheles, Chagasia, Culex, Aedes, Mansonia, Coquilletidia, Uranotaenia, Psorophora, Limatus and Wyeomyia. Chagasia bonneae Root, 1927 and Chagasia ablusa Harbach, 2009 are reported for the first time in Venezuela.

Caracterización ecológica de los anofelinos y otros culícidos en territorio indígena del Bajo Caura, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Ecological characterization of anophelines and culicines in the indigenous territory of the Lower Caura River, Bolívar State, Venezuela

Se reporta por primera vez una lista de especies de anofelinos y culicinos presentes en el territorio indígena del Bajo Caura, estado Bolívar. Entre larvas y adultos se colectaron en total ocho especies de anofelinos pertenecientes a los subgéneros Anopheles Meigen, Lophopodomyia Antunes, Stethomyia Theobald, Nyssorhynchus Blanchard del género Anopheles Meigen y Chagasia bathana Dyar y 10 géneros de culicinos entre los cuales se identificaron siete especies. Se identificaron y caracterizaron los criaderos con base a la hidrología en arroyo, caño, manantial, laguna, pantano y charco. En colectas de estadíos inmaduros la especie más abundante fue Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), mientras que en colectas de adultos con cebos humanos y trampas CDC la especie más abundante fue el vector de malaria An. darlingi Root. Las trampas de luz ultravioleta resultaron ineficientes para capturar anofelinos y culicinos. Se reporta por primera vez para el estado Bolívar los géneros Coquillettidia Dyar y Johnbelkinia Zavortink, así como las especies Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann) y Ae. (Och.) serratus (Theobald)

This is the first report of anophelines and culicines species in the indigenous territory of the Lower Caura River, Bolívar State. A total of 8 species of anophelines belonging to the subgenus Anopheles Meigen, Lophopodomyia Antunes, Stethomyia Theobald, Nyssorhynchus Blanchard of the genus Anopheles Meigen and Chagasia bathana Dyar and 10 genera of culicines were collected and 7 species identified. Larval habitats were identified and characterized based on the hidrology in stream, small river, spring, lagoon, swamp and pool. Culicines were also collected in artificial and natural containers. The most abundant species in collections of inmature stages was Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), while in adult collections on human landing catches and CDC light traps the most abundant species was the malaria vector An. darling Root. Ultra violet up draft light traps were inefficient to collect anophelines and culicines. It is reported for the first time the presence in Bolívar State of the genus Coquillettidia Dyar and Johnbelkinia Zavortink, and the species Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann) and Ae. (Och.) serratus (Theobald)

Primer registro para el estado Bolívar de Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi, 1862 (Diptera: Culicidae) / First record of Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi, 1862 (Diptera: Culicidae) un Bolivar state, Venezuela

En el presente trabajo se reporta por primera vez para el estado Bolívar la presencia de Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi. Con este nuevo registro la distribución geográfica de esta especie en Venezuela incluye hasta ahora doce (12) estados y el Distrito Federal

In this work we report for the first time the presence of Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi in Bolivar state. With this new record the geographical distribution of this species in Venezuela include so far twelve (12) states and the Distrito Federal

Evaluación de la eficiencia de trampas de luz vs cebo humano para capturar anopheles darlingi root / Evaluation of the efficiency of trap of light vs bait human form capture anopheles darlingi root

Se evaluó la eficiencia de las trampas de luz CDC y de flujo invertido con luz ultravioleta en comparación con capturas sobre cebos humanos para capturar al vector de malaria Anopheles darlingi en Ocamo, estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Las capturas se realizaron durante 8 noches consecutivas durante el mes de agosto (estación de lluvias) en 3 casas seleccionadas. Se colectaron un total de 3.902 A.darlingi sobre cebos humanos, 2.423 en trampa CDC y 1.773 en trampa con luz ultravioleta. La eficacia de la trampa CDC en relación a las capturas con cebos resultó mayor (62 por ciento) que la de las trampas de luz ultravioleta (45 por ciento). La tasa de paridad de Adarlingi colectados en la trampa CDC fue de 47,4 por ciento, 42.1 por ciento en trampa con luz ultravioleta y 40,8 por ciento en cebos humanos. Estas diferencias resultaron no significativas (F=0,265; P=0,777)