Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 13 de 13
Filtrar
1.
J Med Primatol ; 53(5): e12733, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245886

RESUMO

An adult female rhesus macaque presented during routine annual physical examination for evaluation of a 2.5-cm diameter superficial ulcerated dermal lesion that was subsequently diagnosed as a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Cryptococcus gattii is one of several basidiomycetic yeasts responsible for pulmonary, neurologic, and disseminated infections in humans and animals. This report describes the diagnosis, management, and clinical resolution of a C. gattii infection in an immunocompetent 5-year-old female rhesus macaque.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Criptococose , Cryptococcus gattii , Macaca mulatta , Doenças dos Macacos , Animais , Cryptococcus gattii/isolamento & purificação , Criptococose/veterinária , Criptococose/tratamento farmacológico , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Macacos/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Imunocompetência
2.
Am J Primatol ; 86(5): e23605, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38342984

RESUMO

Global climate change has transformed predictions of fire seasons in the near future, and record-breaking wildfire events have had catastrophic consequences in recent years. In September 2020, multiple wildfires subjected Oregon to hazardous air quality for several days. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to examine prenatal loss, morbidity, and mortality of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) exposed to poor air quality from the nearby wildfires. Detailed medical records from 2014 to 2020 of 580 macaques housed outdoors at a research facility in Beaverton, Oregon were used to evaluate the association between these health outcomes and wildfire smoke exposure. Logistic regression models estimated excess prenatal loss, hospitalization rates, respiratory problems, and mortality during and following the wildfire event, and Kruskal-Wallis statistics were used to determine if infant growth was affected by wildfire smoke exposure. Risk of pregnancy loss (relative risk = 4.1; p < 0.001) and odds of diagnosis with a respiratory problem (odds ratio = 4.47; p = 0.003) were higher in exposed infant macaques compared to nonexposed infants. Infant growth was not affected by poor air quality exposure. Our findings suggest wildfire smoke exposure poses a risk to the health of infants and pregnant individuals and should be monitored more closely in the future.


Assuntos
Fumaça , Incêndios Florestais , Animais , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa Respiratória , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Macaca mulatta , Macaca fuscata
3.
Am J Primatol ; 85(11): e23554, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37771291

RESUMO

Demand for nonhuman primates in research has increased over the past several years, while nonhuman primate supply remains a challenge in the United States. Global nonhuman primate supply issues make it increasingly important to maximize domestic colony production. To explore how housing conditions across primate breeding colonies impact infant survival and animal production more broadly, we collected medical records from 7959 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and 492 pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) across seven breeding facilities and used generalized mixed-effect modeling to determine prenatal and infant survival odds by housing type and group size. Infant survival odds for each housing type and group size varied for prenatal, neonatal, early infant, and late infant age groups. Odds of prenatal survival were lowest in paired indoor housing and small and medium outdoor groups. No housing type performed better than large outdoor groups for neonatal survival. Odds of early infant survival was greatest in indoor and mixed indoor/outdoor housing compared to large outdoor enclosures. Large outdoor housing was associated with higher survival odds for late infant survival compared to small and medium outdoor housing. These results may influence housing choices at macaque breeding facilities hoping to maximize infant success, although there are relative care costs, the promotion of species-typical behaviors, and infrastructure factors to also consider. Our study used an interinstitutional collaboration that allowed for the analysis of more infant macaque medical records than ever before and used the broad variations across the seven national primate research centers to make the results applicable to many other facilities housing macaques.


Assuntos
Cruzamento , Abrigo para Animais , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Animais , Macaca mulatta , Macaca nemestrina
4.
J Med Primatol ; 51(4): 234-245, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35426147

RESUMO

In efforts to increase rigor and reproducibility, the USA National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs) have focused on qualification of reagents, cross-laboratory validations, and proficiency testing for methods to detect infectious agents and accompanying immune responses in nonhuman primates. The pathogen detection working group, comprised of laboratory scientists, colony managers, and leaders from the NPRCs, has championed the effort to produce testing that is reliable and consistent across laboratories. Through multi-year efforts with shared proficiency samples, testing percent agreement has increased from as low as 67.1% for SRV testing in 2010 to 92.1% in 2019. The 2019 average agreement for the four basic SPF agents improved to >96% (86.5% BV, 98.9 SIV, 92.1 SRV, and 97.0 STLV). As new pathogens such as SARS coronavirus type 2 emerge, these steps can now be quickly replicated to develop and implement new assays that ensure rigor, reproducibly, and quality for NHP pathogen detection.


Assuntos
Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 de Símios , Animais , Primatas , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos
6.
J Med Primatol ; 48(6): 378-380, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31424092

RESUMO

Naturally occurring neurologic disease in non-human primates may be attributable to a wide-range of causes, including infectious agents, congenital or acquired malformations, degenerative diseases, and, rarely, neoplasia. We report a case of ataxia and paresis in a juvenile rhesus macaque with ependymal-lined cerebral cysts.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Cistos/veterinária , Epêndima/patologia , Macaca mulatta , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Animais , Ataxia/etiologia , Ataxia/veterinária , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Cistos/patologia , Feminino , Paresia/etiologia , Paresia/veterinária
7.
Am J Primatol ; 80(9): e22923, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30281825

RESUMO

Reference growth studies of captive rhesus macaque infants have not accounted for diarrhea and the potential for growth stunting or growth faltering. Healthy infants without diarrhea could be used to build a standard growth chart and a tool used to detect growth faltering associated with diarrhea. We hypothesized infants who develop diarrhea during the first year of life would experience decreased linear weight gain compared to healthy infants, and we used healthy infants to establish standard growth of male and female infants. We hypothesized the lower 3rd percentile of standard growth would be cut-off criteria used in screening for diarrhea-associated growth faltering. Using a retrospective cohort of 6,510 infant weight records in a multiple linear regression, daily weight gain through the first year of life was determined by sex, housing type, and health status. Male standard growth was 4.1 g/day (95%CI: 4.0-4.2 g/day) in corrals and 4.7 g/day (95%CI: 4.5-4.8 g/day) in shelter housing. Female standard growth was 4.0 g/day (95%CI: 3.8-4.2 g/day) in corrals and 4.4 g/day (95%CI: 4.0-4.7 g/day) in shelter housing. Diarrhea was significantly associated with decreased linear weight gain by up to 34% during the first year of life. Odds of growth faltering of infants, defined as those falling below the 3rd percentile of standard growth, were at least 8.9 higher given a history of diarrhea compared to healthy. The growth faltering cut-off criteria had a sensitivity of at least 53% for males and females to screen for diarrhea in infants between 6 and 12 months in shelters housing. Interinstitutional collaborations of infant rhesus macaque weight records would refine the standard growth charts and cut-off criteria, and additional morphometric data would provide a more nuanced picture of growth stunting.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/fisiopatologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Transtornos do Crescimento/veterinária , Macaca mulatta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 37, 2024 01 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38182754

RESUMO

Diarrheal diseases remain one of the leading causes of death for children under 5 globally, disproportionately impacting those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Campylobacter spp., a zoonotic pathogen, is one of the leading causes of food-borne infection in humans. Yet to be cultured Campylobacter spp. contribute to the total burden in diarrheal disease in children living in LMIC thus hampering interventions. We performed microbiome profiling and metagenomic genome assembly on samples collected from over 100 infant rhesus macaques longitudinally and during cases of clinical diarrhea within the first year of life. Acute diarrhea was associated with long-lasting taxonomic and functional shifts of the infant gut microbiome indicative of microbiome immaturity. We constructed 36 Campylobacter metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs), many of which fell within 4 yet to be cultured species. Finally, we compared the uncultured Campylobacter MAGs assembled from infant macaques with publicly available human metagenomes to show that these uncultured species are also found in human fecal samples from LMIC. These data highlight the importance of unculturable Campylobacter spp. as an important target for reducing disease burden in LMIC children.


Assuntos
Campylobacter , Microbiota , Criança , Lactente , Animais , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Campylobacter/genética , Metagenoma , Diarreia
10.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 3806, 2023 06 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37365162

RESUMO

Campylobacter-associated enteric disease is estimated to be responsible for more than 160 million cases of gastroenteritis each year and is linked to growth stunting of infants living under conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene. Here, we examine naturally occurring Campylobacter-associated diarrhea among rhesus macaques as a model to determine if vaccination could reduce severe diarrheal disease and infant growth stunting. Compared to unvaccinated controls, there are no Campylobacter diarrhea-associated deaths observed among vaccinated infant macaques and all-cause diarrhea-associated infant mortality is decreased by 76% (P = 0.03). By 9 months of age, there is a 1.3 cm increase in dorsal length that equaled a significant 1.28 LAZ (Length-for-Age Z score) improvement in linear growth among vaccinated infants compared to their unvaccinated counterparts (P = 0.001). In this work, we show that Campylobacter vaccination not only reduces diarrheal disease but also potentially serves as an effective intervention that improves infant growth trajectories.


Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter , Campylobacter , Animais , Macaca mulatta , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Transtornos do Crescimento/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Campylobacter/prevenção & controle
11.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 234, 2022 01 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35017515

RESUMO

Environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with malnutrition as well as infant growth stunting and has been classically defined by villous blunting, decreased crypt-to-villus ratio, and inflammation in the small intestine. Here, we characterized environmental enteric dysfunction among infant rhesus macaques that are naturally exposed to enteric pathogens commonly linked to human growth stunting. Remarkably, despite villous atrophy and histological abnormalities observed in the small intestine, poor growth trajectories and low serum tryptophan levels were correlated with increased histopathology in the large intestine. This work provides insight into the mechanisms underlying this disease and indicates that the large intestine may be an important target for therapeutic intervention.


Assuntos
Intestino Grosso/patologia , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Macaca mulatta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Duodeno/patologia , Feminino , Trato Gastrointestinal , Expressão Gênica , Transtornos do Crescimento/patologia , Humanos , Íleo/patologia , Inflamação , Enteropatias , Mucosa Intestinal , Jejuno/patologia , Masculino , Desnutrição
12.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci ; 60(3): 329-336, 2021 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33906705

RESUMO

Subcutaneous injection site reactions to sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride (Buprenorphine SR) in macaques have been reported in only a single case report. In the current study, we evaluated the incidence rate and predictors of buprenorphine SR reactions in the subcutaneous tissue of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) based on retrospective review of macaque buprenorphine SR injection records. Potentially predictive variables were identified with logistic regression modeling and were evaluated using model selection based on Akaike information criterion. Record review revealed sub- cutaneous tissue reactions occurred in 52 (3%) of 1559 injections and were noted between 4 and 311 d after injection. Model selection showed that body weight and MHC allele Mamu-B*29 were the best predictors of subcutaneous reactions. Based on these results, we recommend consideration of potential risk factors prior to the administration of buprenorphine SR to a rhesus macaque. In addition, the authors advise that using the highest concentration of buprenorphine SR available may reduce injection site reaction rates due to the injection of less copolymer.


Assuntos
Buprenorfina , Animais , Buprenorfina/efeitos adversos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Humanos , Reação no Local da Injeção , Macaca mulatta , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tela Subcutânea
13.
Comp Med ; 66(4): 333-42, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27538864

RESUMO

Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a hallmark finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that leads to diastolic dysfunction and variable cardiac consequences as severe as congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. LVH was diagnosed postmortem in a large colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), but methods to screen and diagnose LVH in living animals are desired. We hypothesized that targeted echocardiography of macaques with a familial association of LVH would yield antemortem LVH diagnoses. We also hypothesized that cardiac biomarker levels would be higher in sudden-death LVH or occult LVH than controls and that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels would be higher in macaques housed outdoors than indoors. Sera were assayed for cardiac biomarkers (cTnI, C-reactive protein, creatinine kinase-MB, creatine phosphokinase, and LDH), in conjunction with echocardiography, after diagnosis by postmortem exam or from animals with different levels of exercise due to indoor compared with outdoor housing. None of the investigated biomarkers were associated with LVH. cTnI levels were significantly higher in serum collected from outdoor than indoor macaques. In addition, LVH was diagnosed in 29.4% of subjects with a familial association of LVH. These findings suggest that exercise may increase cTnI levels in rhesus macaques and that targeted echocardiography of rhesus macaques with a familial association of LVH was the most useful variable examined for disease surveillance.


Assuntos
Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/veterinária , Macaca mulatta , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Creatina Quinase Forma MB/sangue , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/sangue , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Doenças dos Macacos/sangue , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico por imagem , Troponina I/sangue
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA