Workshop on use of intravenous immunoglobulin in hand, foot and mouth disease in Southeast Asia.

The South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network convened subject matter experts at a workshop to make consensus recommendations for study design of a clinical trial for use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). HFMD is a highly contagious emerging infection among children in the region, a small proportion of whom develop neurologic and cardiopulmonary complications with high case-fatality rates. The use of IVIg for treatment of severe disease is widespread and a part of local, national, and international guidelines, but no clinical evidence warrants the use of this drug, which is expensive and has potentially serious side effects. During a 2-day workshop in March 2014, a group of HFMD experts reviewed the current evidence related to use of IVIg in HFMD and discussed potential study design, feasibility, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, primary and secondary endpoints, and subsidiary studies for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The polymorphisms of TNF-α related-gene and antibody production following third dose of COVID-19 vaccination: A pilot study.

Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most pertinent prevention strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several factors, both intrinsic (particularly genetic) and extrinsic, can influence vaccine efficacy. However, very little research has been conducted into the genetic component's impact on immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, we present the antibody formation in thirteen people who received a third vaccination (booster) dose of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the differences in the polymorphism Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) related genes in this population. Methods: Our study included 13 participants with no comorbidities or a history of COVID-19 infection. The Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) was used to measure antibody production in serum. Polymorphism was recognized using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique. Results: In this study, TNF-α related gene (GG) significantly influenced the formation of the antiSARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody level (p = 0.005) in our sample. Conclusion: Although the polymorphism of the cytokine gene, particularly TNF-α, seems to influence antibody levels in our study population, a more comprehensive analysis is required for better generalization due to the nature of our pilot study.

Introducción: La vacunación es una de las estrategias de prevención más pertinentes ante la pandemia de Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Varios factores, tanto intrínsecos (particularmente genéticos) como extrínsecos, pueden influir en la eficacia de la vacuna. Sin embargo, se ha realizado muy poca investigación sobre el impacto del componente genético en la inmunogenicidad después de la vacunación contra el COVID-19. Por lo tanto, presentamos la formación de anticuerpos en trece personas que recibieron una tercera dosis de vacunación (refuerzo) de la vacuna Moderna mRNA-1273 y las diferencias en los genes relacionados con el polimorfismo el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) en esta población. Métodos: Nuestro estudio incluyó a 13 participantes sin comorbilidades o antecedentes de infección por COVID-19. Se utilizó el inmunoanálisis de micropartículas quimioluminiscentes (CMIA) para medir la producción de anticuerpos en suero. El polimorfismo se reconoció utilizando la técnica de amplificación de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados: En este estudio, el gen relacionado con TNF-α (GG) influyó significativamente en la formación del nivel de anticuerpos IgG de proteína de punta antiSARS-CoV-2 (p = 0,005) en nuestra muestra. Conclusiones: Aunque el polimorfismo del gen de la citoquina, particularmente el TNF-α, parece influir en los niveles de anticuerpos en nuestra población de estudio, se requiere un análisis más completo para una mejor generalización debido a la naturaleza de nuestro estudio piloto.

Waste anesthetic gases have a significant association with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2,732 participants.

Introduction: Operating room workers are at risk of experiencing adverse effects due to occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). One of the consequences of long-term WAGs exposure is the probability of developing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. This systematic review investigated the link between WAGs and DNA damage in operating room workers. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and EbscoHost, as well as hand-searching, were used to find literature on the relationship between WAGs and DNA damage. Three independent reviewers independently assessed the study's quality. Meta-analysis was conducted for several DNA damage indicators, such as comet assay (DNA damage score, tail's length, tail's DNA percentage), micronuclei formation, and total chromosomal aberration. Results: This systematic review included 29 eligible studies (2732 participants). The majority of the studies used a cross-sectional design. From our meta-analysis, which compared the extent of DNA damage in operating room workers to the unexposed group, operating room workers exposed to WAGs had a significantly higher DNA damage indicator, including DNA damage score, comet tail's length, comet tail's DNA percentage, micronuclei formation, and total chromosomal aberration (p < 0.05) than non-exposed group. Conclusion: Waste anesthetic gases have been found to significantly impact DNA damage indicators in operating room personnel, including comet assay, micronuclei development, and chromosomal aberration. To reduce the impact of exposure, hospital and operating room personnel should take preventive measures, such as by adapting scavenger method.

Association of vitamin D with deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) damage: A systematic review of animal and human studies.

Vitamin D has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic abilities. Vitamin D deficiency can induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. The aim of the study was to create a systematic review to analyze the relationship between vitamin D and DNA damage in various populations. PubMed, Scopus, EbscoHost, Google Scholar, and Epistemonikos were used to identify literature regarding the relationship between vitamin D and DNA damage. Assessment of study quality was carried out by three independent reviewers individually. A total of 25 studies were assessed as eligible and included in our study. Twelve studies were conducted in humans consisting of two studies with experimental design and ten studies with observational pattern. Meanwhile, thirteen studies were conducted in animals (in vivo). It is found that the majority of studies demonstrated that vitamin D prevents DNA damage and minimizes the impact of DNA damage that has occurred (p<0.05). However, two studies (8%) did not find such an association and one research only found a specific association in the cord blood, not in maternal blood. Vitamin D has a protective effect against DNA damage. A diet rich in vitamin D and vitamin D supplementation is recommended to prevent DNA damage.

A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis.

NFATc1 is Suppressed in Tumor Microenvironment of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research are to evaluate the expression and distribution of NFATc1 in tumor microenvironment of Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were selected. Clinicopathological data of age, gender, location and subtypes were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed to the all cases by using anti-CD163, anti-NFATc1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. All protein expression was calculated by using Image J software. RESULTS: Nuclear expression of NFATc1 was not observed in Hodgkin cells neither in TAM nor in small lymphocytes surrounding Hodgkin cells in all the samples, this meant that NFATc1 showed negative nuclear expression in almost all these cells. Cytoplasmic expression of NFATc1 was observed in small lymphocytes surrounding tumor cells. While there were only few small lymphocytes which were located far from tumor cells showed nuclear expression of NFATc1. Meanwhile, 57.14% samples showed high density of TAMs CD163+, and 50% tumor cells as well as 50% TAMs exhibited positive PD-L1 expression. In addition, all macrophages did not have NFATc1 expression both in their nuclei and in their cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: NFATc1 was suppressed both in Hodgkin cells and inflammatory cells surrounding the tumor cells. This condition may contribute to progressivity and aggressiveness of the diseases. Therefore, certain mechanisms to reactivate functional NFATc1 in HL tumor microenvironment may be necessary; hence, the tumor cells are able to be eradicated by patient's immune mechanisms.