RESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of essential oils from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SEO) and its possible mechanisms of SEO. The behavioral despair mouse model in vivo and H2O2-induced PC12 cells model in vitro were employed. And the potential effective components were identified by the spectrum-effect relationships analysis. SEO significantly decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, which indicated a promising antidepressant-like effect of SEO in depressed mice. The decreased levels of SOD, GSH, and CAT, and increased levels of MDA were significantly reversed by SEO treatment, which showed good antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, SEO significantly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of HO-1 in depressed mice and H2O2-induced PC12 cells. The histopathological examination results showed a potential neuronal protective effect of SEO in the hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, the upregulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß signaling was observed after SEO treatment in the H2O2-induced PC12 cells. Additionally, based on the spectrum-effect relationship analysis, 9 peaks were identified as positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of SEO. These results suggested that SEO promoted Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to improve the oxidative stress status and exerted the antidepressant-like effects.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Schisandra , Ratos , Animais , Camundongos , Schisandra/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Herein, we aim to investigate the effect of Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS, and then administrated AOF using a gavage for 6 weeks. Spatial working memory was assessed using the Y-maze and Morris water maze test, whereas the levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, p-GSK3ß, GSK3ß, NF-κB, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated using western blot and ELISA assay. Our data showed that AOF was able to significantly alleviate the memory decline in LPS-induced AD mice. Moreover, AOF was able to protect neurons through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly decrease NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampal and cortex tissues, which were reversed through the use of LY294002. Additionally, we discovered that AOF could significantly decrease the high expression of cytokines as well as the expression and translocation of NF-κB induced by LPS in PC12 cells. These results demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of AOF in both cell and animal models of AD, thereby slowing down the process and development of the disease.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Lipopolissacarídeos , Animais , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The present study aimed to examine the antidepressant actions of the composition fractions of Schisandra chinensis using LPS-induced mice. Animals were treated with total extracts (SCE), lignans (SCL), polysaccharides (SCPS), and essential oil (SCVO), and then subjected to behavioral tests. The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used as predictive animal models of antidepressant activity. Total extracts and lignans significantly decreased the duration of immobility in FST and TST. We found that treatment with SCE and SCL could significantly decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines both in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). This was confirmed by the histopathological examination of the colon. The RT-PCR results demonstrated that SCE and SCL could greatly inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB/IKKα signaling pathway. In addition, the concentrations of Butyric acid and Propionic acid were upregulated by the administration, and the decreased diversity of intestinal microbiota and alterations of the relative proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylum members, Barnesiella and Lactobacillus genus members in LPS-induced mice were restored as well. All results suggested that lignans is the effective fraction of S.chinensis to ameliorating depressive disorders, which its anti-inflammation activity possibly involved in the bidirectional connection between gut microbiota and brain.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Schisandra/química , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Elevação dos Membros Posteriores , Lignanas/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , NataçãoRESUMO
Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of schizandrin (from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. which is a functional food) against chronic liver injury in mice.Methods: Chronic liver injury was induced by the treatment of d-galactose (d-GaIN, 200 mg/kg, s.c.) for 8 weeks.Results: Administration of schizandrin (30 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly ameliorated d-GaIN-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior as evident from the results of open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. In addition, schizandrin remarkably reduced the oxidative stress due to its potential to enhance the levels of decreased CAT, GSH/GSSG, SOD, and increased MDA in peripheral and brain, the antioxidant activities might be related with the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, schizandrin could dramatically inhibit the neuroinflammation in mice by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) through regulating NF-κB/NLRP3/Iba-1 signaling. Besides, the elevated levels of ammonia, AST, and ALT were significantly reduced by schizandrin.Conclusion: The present data revealed that hyperammonemia produced due to liver injury-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex resulting in anxiety and depression were improved by schizandrin.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclo-Octanos/uso terapêutico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Lignanas/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Policíclicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Ansiedade/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Ciclo-Octanos/farmacologia , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/metabolismo , Galactose/toxicidade , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Lignanas/farmacologia , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/fisiologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , SchisandraRESUMO
Acute or chronic liver injury is closely related to hyperammonemia, which will result in oxidative stress and damage to nerve cells, and these factors are vital to the development of anxiety and depression. In this study, the effect of Nootkatone (NKT) on the anxiety- and depression-like behavioral changes in mice induced by liver injury was investigated. Liver injury was induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN; 350 mg/kg) three times a week for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was given as co-treatment daily for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg) co-treatment remarkably ameliorates D-GalN-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as evident from the results of sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and novelty suppressed feeding test. Results showed that NKT could induce an elevation in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase level, alleviate the oxidative stress induced by hyperammonemia through activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathways, decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NOX2 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, enhance the vitality of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels in serum, liver, and brain, and significantly reduce the generation of malondialdehyde. At the same time, NKT also reduces the level of ammonia in serum and brain and upgrades the activity of glutamine synthetase in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Taken together, the present results suggested that NKT has a significant antidepressant effect through modulation of oxidative stress induced by D-GalN administration.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Galactosamina/toxicidade , Hiperamonemia/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Amônia/sangue , Amônia/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/psicologia , Hiperamonemia/psicologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Células PC12 , RatosRESUMO
Insomnia is a common clinical disease that can seriously damage the normal lives of sufferers. Suan-Zao-Ren decoction has been used to treat insomnia for a long time. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Suan-Zao-Ren decoction is still not clear. In this study, the nontargeted metabolomics based on high-resolution mass spectrometry and multiple statistical approaches were initially used to investigate the changes of potential serum and brain biomarkers and metabolic pathways in the insomnia model rat. Principal component analysis-discriminate analysis indicated that the Suan-Zao-Ren decoction treatment improved the metabolic phenotype insomnia. Moreover, the heatmap analysis identified the most important biomarkers involved in insomnia. According to the pathway analysis, phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and so on were recognized as the most affected metabolic pathways associated with insomnia disease. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the regulative effects of Suan-Zao-Ren decoction on the host metabolic phenotype of the insomnia rats. Our work demonstrated that the metabolomics approach is a promising tool that could help us to conduct the exploration of the therapeutic effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Metabolômica , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análise , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Kaempferide (KF) is a compound of flavonoids from Alpinae oxyphylla Miq, and the herb itself is used as a classical tonic agent. This paper aims to investigate the effects of KF on cognitive function impairment and neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aß1-42 . The mice were treated with KF at doses of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg/day (ICV) for five consecutive days after Aß1-42 exposures. The behavioral test results showed that KF could prevent cognitive decline in mice induced by Aß1-42 as assessed by the locomotor activity test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were elevated by KF administration. Results of hippocampus slices showed that neurons were integrated and regularly arranged in the groups, which were administered along with KF. In addition, we found KF could boost brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein signal in the hippocampus. All results illustrated that KF could exert neuroprotective effects at least partly through alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in Aß1-42 -induced mice.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Quempferóis/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Tropomiosina/metabolismo , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Quempferóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The present study was undertaken to explore the interactions between sleep deprivation (SD) and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) treatment in the antidepressant-like effects. We observed that SD aggravated the anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in the elevated plus maze test. However, the forced swimming test and sucrose preference test showed that SD (12 hr) alleviated the depressive symptoms and SD (72 hr) has the opposite effects. Administration of SCF showed a promising therapeutic effect on depression and anxiety induced by CUMS and SD. Moreover, SCF could potential strengthen the antidepressant-like effects of SD (12 hr) according to the behavioral tests. In addition, the BDNF level in hippocampus was elevated by SD (12 hr) and SCF treatment and together with the upregulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß/mTOR signaling pathways. Besides, the protein levels of p70S6K and PSD95, which are downstream targets of mTOR, also increased by the treatment. These results indicated that the antidepressant-like effect of SCF in the CUMS depends on the activation of BDNF and the modulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß/mTOR signaling cascades, and SD (12 hr) shared a common etiology consisting of complex bidirectional interactions with SCF.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Schisandra/química , Privação do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
In the present contribution, the aim is to explore and establish a way in which 3D printing and gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) are combined (focusing on inner structure innovation) to achieve extended and stable gastro-retention and controlled-release of drug. Three digital models diverse in construction were designed and substantialized by a pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) 3D printer. Preparations were characterized by means of DSC, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. In vitro buoyancy study and in vivo gamma scintigraphy method were conducted to validate gastro-retention property of these innovative preparations in vitro/in vivo respectively. Release kinetic model was established and release mechanism was discussed. Tablets manufactured under certain range of parameters (intersecting angle, full filling gap) were tight and accurate in shape. Tablets printed with specific parameters (full filling gap, 50%; nozzle extrusion speed, 0.006 mm/s; layer height, 0.4 mm; compensation value, 0.25; quantity of layers, 15; outline printing value, 2) exhibited satisfactory in vitro (10-12 h)/in vivo (8-10 h) retention ability and possessed stable 10-12 h controlled-release quality. In general, 3D printing has tremendous advantage over conventional fabrication technique in intricate drug delivery systems and will be widely employed in pharmacy.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Derivados da Hipromelose/administração & dosagem , Impressão Tridimensional , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacocinética , Ginkgo biloba , Humanos , Derivados da Hipromelose/química , Derivados da Hipromelose/metabolismo , Comprimidos/química , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodosRESUMO
The sesquiterpene nootkatone (NKT), isolated from Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus, was shown to possess protective effects on neurons. In our study, by using an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of mice induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aß1-42 oligomers, we investigated the effects of NKT on memory impairment and further evaluated the pathological changes of mice. AD mice were treated by i.c.v. injection of NKT (at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg) or vehicle (PBS) into the lateral ventricle once daily for 5 consecutive days. The behavioral tasks were performed, and levels of some biochemical indicators and histopathological changes of the brain were evaluated to elucidate the mechanism of NKT in the treatment of AD. The results revealed that NKT significantly improved the neurobehavioral performance of the AD mice in the Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. More importantly, NKT treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA), Aß as well as the acetylcholin esterase (AChE) levels in the mice brain, while increased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels with improved histopathological changes in the hippocampus. These findings provided evidences for the beneficial role of NKT in Aß1-42-induced mice AD model linking to anti-oxidative and anti-AChE activities with inhibitory effect against Aß accumulation.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/farmacologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/farmacologia , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Sesquiterpenos PolicíclicosRESUMO
Suan-Zao-Ren granule is widely used to treat insomnia in China. However, because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine formula, the comprehensive analysis of constituents in vitro and in vivo is rather difficult. In our study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the PeakView® software, which uses multiple data processing approaches including product ion filter, neutral loss filter, and mass defect filter, method was developed to characterize the ingredients and rat serum metabolites in Suan-Zao-Ren granule. A total of 101 constituents were detected in vitro. Under the same analysis conditions, 68 constituents were characterized in rat serum, including 35 prototype components and 33 metabolites. The metabolic pathways of main components were also illustrated. Among them, the metabolic pathways of timosaponin AI were firstly revealed. The bioactive compounds mainly underwent the phase I metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrolysis, and phase II metabolic pathways including sulfate conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, cysteine conjugation, acetycysteine conjugation, and glutathione conjugation. In conclusion, our results showed that this analysis approach was extremely useful for the in-depth pharmacological research of Suan-Zao-Ren granule and provided a chemical basis for its rational.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Soro/química , Animais , China , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Suan-Zao-Ren decoction has been used to treat insomnia for many years. In this work, a rapid and sensitive ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was first developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of seven main active components, spinosin, mangiferin, neomangiferin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritin apioside in rat plasma. The method was also successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetics of these active ingredients after oral administration of Suan-Zao-Ren decoction and Suan-Zao-Ren granule. The separation was achieved on a Venusil MP C18 column and the detection was conducted by the multiple reaction monitoring mode using negative ion mode. Each calibration curve had good linearity over a wide concentration range. The precision of intra- and interday were all within 15%, and the extraction recoveries at different analyte concentrations were all above 82.0%. The established method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of the analytes between Suan-Zao-Ren decoction and Suan-Zao-Ren granule groups. The results indicated that all the analytes had similar mean concentration-time curves trend between two groups. No significant differences were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin, while the others had significant differences.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Plasma/química , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
To control the quality of different forms of Suanzaoren decoction, an effective and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 13 major components (neomangiferin, mangiferin, spinosin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, senkyunolide I, timosaponin BII, isoliquiritoside, timosaponin C, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and timosaponin AIII) was developed and validated for the first time in this study using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and evaporative light scattering detection. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Venusil MP C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 30°C with a gradient of acetonitrile/redistilled water as the mobile phase. Diode array detection was carried out at a wavelength of 275 nm. The drift tube temperature and the nitrogen gas flow rate of the evaporative light scattering detection were set at 50°C and 1.6 L/min, respectively. The newly developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 13 components in lab-prepared Suanzaoren oral liquid, Suanzaoren mixture, and clinical Suanzaoren granules, and this study showed that this was a useful way to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Suanzaoren decoction in different forms of the preparation.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análise , Espalhamento de Radiação , Luz , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Polyamines, one of the most important kind of biomarkers in cancer research, were investigated in order to characterize different cancer types. An integrative approach which combined ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection and multiple statistical data processing strategies including outlier elimination, binary logistic regression analysis and cluster analysis had been developed to discover the characteristic biomarkers of lung and liver cancer. The concentrations of 14 polyamine metabolites in biosamples from lung (n = 50) and liver cancer patients (n = 50) were detected by a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. Then the concentrations were converted into independent variables to characterize patients of lung and liver cancer by binary logic regression analysis. Significant independent variables were regarded as the potential biomarkers. Cluster analysis was engaged for further verifying. As a result, two values was discovered to identify lung and liver cancer, which were the product of the plasma concentration of putrescine and spermidine; and the ratio of the urine concentration of S-adenosyl-l-methionine and N-acetylspermidine. Results indicated that the established advanced method could be successfully applied to characterize lung and liver cancer, and may also enable a new way of discovering cancer biomarkers and characterizing other types of cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Poliaminas/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia Líquida , Análise por Conglomerados , Mineração de Dados , Humanos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Metabolômica/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poliaminas/sangue , Poliaminas/urina , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Wu-Zhu-Yu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of headache. To reveal its material basis, a rapid and reliable liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was established for comprehensive profiling of the chemical ingredients in the Wu-Zhu-Yu decoction. The method was used on a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer along with an advanced data processing procedure consisting of mass accuracy screening, mass defect filtering and fragment filtering. After eliminating interference with a filtering approach, the MS data profiling was made more distinct and accurate. With the optimized conditions of only 35 min LC separation and single sample injection of each positive or negative ion mode, a total of 168 compounds were characterized, including 23 evodiamine and its analogous alkaloids, 12 limonoids, 17 gingerols, 38 ginsenosides, 15 flavonoids, 16 organic acids, 14 alkaloids, 5 saponins, 3 2,2-dimethylchromenes and 25 other compounds. The fragmentation patterns of representative compounds were illustrated as well. Integrative qualitative analysis of the Wu-Zhu-Yu decoction by high resolution mass spectrometry was accomplished and reported for the first time. The study demonstrated that the established method was a powerful and reliable strategy for comprehensive detection and would be widely applicable for identification of complicated components from herbal prescriptions, and may provide a basis for chemical analysis of other complex mixtures.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
The general situation of the approved and concluded projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of processing Chinese Materia Medica in recent five years has been reviewed. The progresses and achievements of some projects have been summarized in accordance with research area such as the processing principle, the processing technology, quality evaluation, toxicity and safety evaluation, etc. The researchers and project support units of the funded projects have been analyzed, and the problems of the applications have been also summarized.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Química Farmacêutica/economia , Organização do Financiamento/economia , Organização do Financiamento/organização & administração , Materia Medica/economia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/organização & administração , Química Farmacêutica/organização & administração , China , HumanosRESUMO
A fast, selective, and quantitative ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of polygalaxanthone III, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rg1 in the plasma of rat and beagle dog after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San. After addition of the internal standard, salidroside, the plasma samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a Venusil MP C18 column with methanol/0.01% acetic acid water as mobile phase. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring with turbo ion spray source in a switching ionization mode. The method was examined, and found to be precise and accurate with the linearity range of the compounds. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy of the analytes were well within acceptance criteria (±15%). The mean extraction recoveries of analytes and internal standard were all >75.0%. The validated method has been successfully applied to comparing pharmacokinetic profiles of analytes in rat and beagle dog plasma. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1, while the others had significant differences, which may due to the different mechanisms of absorption and metabolism.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Ginsenosídeos/sangue , Ginsenosídeos/farmacocinética , Glicosídeos/sangue , Glicosídeos/farmacocinética , Xantonas/sangue , Xantonas/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cães , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Ginsenosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/química , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Xantonas/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, Schisandrin B (SCHB), the main active component of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE), was taken as the research object. From gene, microRNA (miR-124), and the level of protein expression system to study the influences of microglia phenotype to play the role of nerve inflammation. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the role of miR-124 in regulating microglial polarization alteration and NF-κB/TLR4 signaling and MAPK signaling in the LPS-induced BV2 by PCR, western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and cytometry. RESULTS: SCE and SCHB significantly reduced the NO-releasing, decreased the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, IBA-1, and ratio of CD86+/CD206+, and increased the levels of IL-10, Arg-1. In addition, SCE and SCHB inhibited the nucleus translocation of NF-κB, decreased the expressions of IKK-α, and increased the expressions of IκB-α. Besides, the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, and the ratios of p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-JNK/JNK were reduced by SCE and SCHB treatments. Furthermore, SCHB upregulated the mRNA levels of miR-124. However, the effects of SCHB were reversed by the miR-124 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested SCHB downregulated NF-κB/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway via miR-124 to restore M1/M2 balance and alleviate depressive symptoms.
RESUMO
Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are native to India and have high biological activities. To better understand the basic pharmacodynamic materials, the chemical components in MOL and their pharmacokinetic properties were studied and quantitated using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Forty-two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, nucleosides, alkaloids, and other compounds. Two phenolic acids and six flavonoids were studied for their pharmacokinetic properties using UHPLC-MS/MS. Precision, accuracy, stability, matrix effects, and extraction recovery were verified. All substances that were measured reached their maximum within 0.5 h. Vicenin-2 had a high peak concentration and bioavailability. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside had a longer biological half-life than other components. The results from this study provide the data basis for subsequent comprehensive qualitative evaluation and potential MOL use in clinical applications.
RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Suanzaoren Decoction (SZRD) is a classic traditional Chinese prescription, which has been commonly used for treating insomnia, depression and other nerve system diseases for a long time. AIM OF THIS STUDY: The present study aimed to explore the metabolic profiles in multi-biological samples and pharmacokinetic mechanism between healthy and depression model rats combined with a network pharmacology approach after administration of SZRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry method was firstly used to study the prototype components and metabolites of SZRD in plasma, brain, urine, and feces between healthy and depressed rats. The possible metabolic pathways were also speculated. Then a network pharmacological study was conducted on the components in the plasma of model rats. According to the above components screened by network pharmacology and the other reported representative active components, the comparative pharmacokinetic study was established for the simultaneous determination of mangiferin, spinosin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, formononetin. magnoflorine and isoliquiritin between healthy and depression model rats. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the binding affinity between key potential targets and active components in pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: A total of 115 components were identified in healthy rats, and 101 components were identified in model rats. The prototype components and metabolites in plasma, brain, urine, and feces were also distinguished. The main metabolic pathways included phase I and phase II metabolic reactions, such as dehydrogenation, oxidation, hydroxylation, gluconaldehyde conjugation, glutathione conjugation and so on. These results provided a basis for the further study of antidepressive pharmacokinetic and pharmacological action in SZRD. Then, according to the degree value of network pharmacological study, it was predicted that 10 components and 10 core targets, which involved in the critical pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Finally, the established pharmacokinetic method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of these 7 active components in plasma of healthy and depressed rats after oral administration of SZRD. It showed that except magnoflorine, the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were different between healthy and depressed rats. Molecular docking analysis also indicated that the active compounds in pharmacokinetics could bind tightly to the key targets of network pharmacological study. CONCLUSION: This study may provide important information for studying the action mechanism of SZRD in treating depression.