RESUMO
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for rice. In this study, we used 120 rice backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRILs) derived from a cross indica cv. Changhui 891 and japonica cv. 02428. To elucidate the genetic control of P deficiency tolerance in rice, we have used high quality SNPs bin markers to identify some important loci underlying phosphorus deficiency. The bin map was generated which includes 3057 bins covering distance of 1266.5 cM with an average of 0.41 cM between markers. Based on this map, 50 loci, including four novel loci, qSL-3, qRL-11, qSDW-1, qRDW-1 with phenotypic variance 23.26%, 12.06%, 9.89% associated with P deficiency-related seedling traits were identified. No significant QTLs was found for root length under P+, shoot fresh weight P- and root length, shoot fresh weight for P+, P- and their ratio respectively. Root fresh weight, and root dry weight were strongly correlated to each other, and QTLs for these variables were located on the same chromosome 1 at the same region. Notably, 3 pleiotropic regions is the pioneer of our study, and these regions would facilitate map-based cloning to expedite the MAS selection for developing low phosphorous tolerant varieties. This study not only improves our knowledge about molecular processes associated with P deficiency, but also provides useful information to understand the genetic architecture of low phosphorous tolerance.
RESUMO
Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is an important enzyme in purine metabolism. It is involved in regulation of the normal growth and non-biological stress-induced ageing processes in plants. The present study investigated XDH's role in regulating rice leaf senescence. We measured physical characteristics, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters, active oxygen metabolism, and purine metabolism in wild-type Kitaake rice (Oryza sativa L.), an OsXDH over-expression transgenic line (OE9), and an OsXDH RNA interference line (Ri3) during different growth stages. The expression patterns of the OsXDH gene confirmed that XDH was involved in the regulation of normal and abiotic stress-induced ageing processes in rice. There was no significant difference between the phenotypes of transgenic lines and wild type at the seedling stage, but differences were observed at the full heading and maturation stages. The OE9 plants were taller, with higher chlorophyll content, and their photosystems had stronger light energy absorption, transmission, dissipation, and distribution capacity, which ultimately improved the seed setting rate and 1000-seed weight. The opposite effect was found in the Ri3 plants. The OE9 line had a strong ability to remove reactive oxygen species, with increased accumulation of allantoin and alantoate. Experimental spraying of allantoin on leaves showed that it could alleviate chlorophyll degradation and decrease the content of H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) in rice leaves after the full heading stage. The urate oxidase gene (UO) expression levels in the interference line were significantly lower than those in the over-expression line and wild-type lines. The allantoinase (ALN) and allantoate amidinohydrolase (AAH) genes had significantly higher expression in the Ri3 plants than the in OE9 or wild-type plants, with OE9 plants showing the lowest levels. The senescence-related genes ACD1, WRKY23, WRKY53, SGR, XERO1, and GH27 in Ri3 plants had the highest expression levels, followed by those in the wild-type plants, with OE9 plants showing the lowest levels. These results suggest that enhanced activity of XDH can regulate the synthesis of urea-related substances, improve plant antioxidant capacity, effectively delay the ageing process in rice leaves, and increase rice yield.