Patterns of Sexual Risk Behaviors and Sexuality-Related Risk Factors among Young Adults in Germany: Implications for Prevention and Therapy.

Sexual risk behavior (SRB) includes behavioral (sex without contraception, sexualized substance use, sex work, sexual partner violence, other sexual activities that harm oneself or others) and affective subtypes (sexuality-related feelings of shame/guilt, relationship impairments) and leads to psychosocial and health-related consequences. Young adults comprise a vulnerable group regarding the development of SRB. The study aimed to identify SRB patterns among young adults and their relation to sexuality-related risk factors. A cross-sectional online survey measured behavioral and affective aspects of SRB with nine items. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of SRB. Gender, sexual orientation, age of first intercourse, number of sexual partners, hypersexuality, and sexual dysfunction were captured as risk factors via multinomial logistic regression. Within this convenience sample (n = 609; nfemale = 365; nmale = 245; Mage = 23.1 years), the SRB patterns unremarkable (67%; low values in all SRB subtypes), shame-ridden (17%; high values in sexual feelings of shame/guilt) and risky sexual behavior (16%; high values in all subtypes of SRB, especially sexualized drug use) were identified. The shame-ridden and risky patterns were strongly associated with higher hypersexuality values, the risky pattern moreover with being non-heterosexual, of younger age at first sexual experience, and a higher number of sexual partners. Male and sexual minority participants demonstrated SRB more often than females and heterosexuals. Within prevention and treatment of SRB, it seems beneficial to address sexuality-related feelings of shame/guilt and addictive patterns (concerning sexual behaviors/substances) via gender- and diversity-sensitive measurements.

Food practices among adolescents in German residential care. Findings from a quantitative survey.

Food is of great importance for socialization. So far, there are few quantitative studies analysing food practices in residential care. The aim of this paper was to describe individual food practices in these homes. Associations with sociodemographic and home-related characteristics as well as attitudes towards food were examined to identify differences between adolescents following different food practices. 400 young people aged between 12 and 21 years living in 67 residential care homes in Germany completed a standardized questionnaire. Food practices were operationalized by questions on the regularity of meals, company at meals and the eating location. Cluster analysis for types of food practices were conducted. Differences by home-related and sociodemographic characteristics as well as attitudes towards food were tested by logistic regression analyses. Two types of food practices were identified which differed regarding to age, duration of stay, and the importance as well as impact of eating on well-being: the independents (29%) and the embedded (71%). In comparison to the embedded, the independents ate fewer regular meals and eat in the homes less often, but more often alone. Furthermore, the independents were older, give less meaning to food and have more money available for food. Age was found to be an important variable that indicated increasing independence of adolescents. Food practices should therefore be discussed and reflected pedagogically in the care homes.

Comparison of various continence definitions in a large group of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: a multicentre, prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Due to the usage of various measurement methods and definitions, comparing continence rates after radical prostatectomy is a challenging task. This study compares continence rates based on different methods and aims to identify the definition for continence which agrees best with the patients' subjective assessment of continence. Additionally, continence was controlled for multiple influencing factors. METHODS: This prospective multicentre study was carried out in seven hospitals throughout Germany. Before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery self-reporting questionnaires were completed and returned by 329 (84.4%) of 390 eligible patients. The questionnaires were independently evaluated and analysed by a third party. Association of continence with demographic, operative, and tumour factors in an ongoing comprehensive prostate cancer database was evaluated. RESULTS: The continence rate drops substantially for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy but increases again with time. Concrete numbers vary considerably depending on definition - 44% at 3 months and 68% at 12 months after surgery (0 pads) vs. 71 and 90% (0-1 pads). Significant confounding variables regarding continence rate are nerve-sparing procedure, categorized Gleason score, rehabilitative cure treatment, and pelvic floor training. The definition of 0 pads for continence coincides greater than 0-1 pads with the patients' self-assessment of being continent. CONCLUSION: A standardized definition for continence would be desirable, as it is one of the most important preconditions to guarantee sound comparison of continence rates. Since there are enough other factors that make comparison difficult, we suggest using the definition of "0 pads". It is easily measured objectively, leaves no room for interpretation, and agrees best with the patients' self-assessment.

Rocuronium Reversal in the Emergency Department: Retrospective Evaluation of Hemodynamic Instability Following Administration of Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine With Glycopyrrolate.

Background: Rocuronium is an intermediate-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent frequently used in the emergency department for rapid sequence intubation. The prolonged effects of rocuronium may prevent the ability to conduct a meaningful neurological examination, thereby delaying appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Sugammadex and neostigmine are pharmacologic agents commonly used to reverse rocuronium. The safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine with glycopyrrolate for the reversal of rocuronium in the emergency department has not been well described. Objective: Evaluate the occurrence of hemodynamic instability post-administration of sugammadex versus neostigmine with glycopyrrolate in the emergency department for the reversal of rocuronium. Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted among adult patients that received sugammadex or neostigmine with glycopyrrolate in the emergency department for the reversal of rocuronium. The primary outcome was occurrence of hemodynamic instability that required escalation of treatment. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of hypotensive, bradycardic, or cardiac arrest events. Results: A total of 37 patients met inclusion criteria (n = 10, sugammadex; n = 27, neostigmine). There was no difference between the two groups in regard to hemodynamic instability that required escalation of treatment within 30 minutes after receiving either sugammadex or neostigmine with glycopyrrolate (P = .557). Conclusion: There was no difference between the two groups in regard to occurrence of hemodynamic instability that required escalation of treatment. Given the small sample size, future studies are warranted to further delineate the safety of sugammadex and neostigmine with glycopyrrolate for the reversal of rocuronium in the emergency department.