RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the proportion of people living with HIV with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a sample from a large single HIV center in Munich, Germany, after the first phase of the coronavirus pandemic and to infer the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in people living with HIV. METHODS: Prospective sub-study of the ongoing ArcHIV cohort between May and July 2020. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were measured using the recomWell SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany); positive and borderline results were re-tested using the recomLine SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany). Demographic and medical data were extracted from the electronic patient files. RESULTS: Overall, 500 people living with HIV were included in the study (83% male, median age 51 years). Three participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to study inclusion. Of those, nine were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, resulting in an estimated seroprevalence (accounting for sensitivity and specificity of the test) of 1.5% (CI 95%: 0.69; 3.13) for the entire study sample, and 2.2% (CI 95%: 1.1; 3.9) for the subset of the Munich citizens. There were no marked differences for people living with HIV with and without SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in people living with HIV as found in our study does not seem to exceed previous reports from general populations of 'hot-sport' areas; comparative data from the Munich population can be expected to be published soon. Our data also highlight, once more, the need to do confirmatory testing on positive samples to minimize the impact of false-positive results.
Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Hotspot de Doença , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Hyperparathyroidism has been described in people living with HIV undergoing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), but differences in calcium levels have never been investigated in detail. We aimed to compare the prevalence of hypocalcemia between patients with and without TDF-containing ART. The patients and methods were a retrospective cohort study in HIV-infected adult patients receiving dolutegravir and either abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC) or TDF/emtricitabine in a single center in Munich, Germany. Of 172 patients, 126 (73.3%) were male and the median age was 48.5 years (interquartile range 42-54). Average calcium levels were 2.24 (2.21-2.29) mmol/l and 2.21 (2.16-2.26) mmol/l (P < 0.001) with a prevalence of at least one episode of total calcium <2.12 mmol/l of 16.2 and 34.4% in the groups treated with ABC/3TC and TDF/emtricitabine, respectively (P = 0.006). TDF use was independently associated with the occurrence of albumin-corrected calcium levels of <2.12 mmol/l (odds ratio: 6.7 [1.3-35.6]; P = 0.025). Hypocalcemia seems to occur more often in TDF-treated patients. Further research into hypocalcemia with TDF and potential cardiovascular effects may be of benefit based on these findings.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Didesoxinucleosídeos/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV/efeitos adversos , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/efeitos adversos , Hipocalcemia/induzido quimicamente , Lamivudina/efeitos adversos , Tenofovir/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Didesoxinucleosídeos/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV/uso terapêutico , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/diagnóstico , Hipocalcemia/epidemiologia , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxazinas , Piperazinas , Prevalência , Piridonas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tenofovir/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We present the case of a 58-year-old HIV-infected patient with adrenal insufficiency after local injection of triamcinolone, most likely due to drug-drug interaction with his ritonavir-boosted antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is the first case of adrenal insufficiency occurring without prior symptoms of Cushing's syndrome in a patient on a booster-containing ART. We want to draw attention to this seemingly rare, but potentially life-threatening medical condition that can occur even in short-term use of glucocorticoids in low doses in patients on booster-containing ART and summarize some considerations for management.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Adrenal/induzido quimicamente , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Interações Medicamentosas , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Triancinolona/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triancinolona/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A novel hyperthermophilic bacterium was isolated from pink filamentous streamers (pink filaments) occurring in the upper outflow channel (temperature, 82 to 88 degreesC) of Octopus Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. The gram-negative cells grew at low salinity at temperatures up to 89 degreesC in the neutral to alkaline pH range. Depending on the culture conditions, the organisms occurred as single motile rods, as aggregates, or as long filaments that formed streamer-like cell masses. The novel isolate grew chemolithoautotrophically with hydrogen, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur as electron donors and oxygen as the electron acceptor. Alternatively, under aerobic conditions, formate and formamide served as sole energy and carbon sources. The novel isolate had a 16S rRNA sequence closely related to the 16S rRNA sequence obtained from uncultivated pink filaments. It represents a new genus in the order Aquificales, the type species of which we name Thermocrinis ruber (type strain, OC 1/4 [= DSM 12173]).