Ineffective breathing pattern in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease: accuracy of defining characteristics.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of ineffective breathing pattern and the accuracy of its defining characteristics, among children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. BACKGROUND: The NANDA International nursing diagnosis, ineffective breathing pattern, has been noted to have high prevalence in different clinical contexts and age groups. Despite that, nurses continue to report difficulties in confirming this diagnosis. The lack of data regarding the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the defining characteristics contribute to decreased certainty in diagnosing ineffective breathing pattern. DESIGN: A diagnostic accuracy study. METHODS: This study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted with 61 children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Two nurses were trained by the primary investigator on use of defining characteristics in the diagnostic process for ineffective breathing pattern. RESULTS: Ineffective breathing pattern was present in 26·2% of the children and adolescents sampled. When analysing the defining characteristics, alterations in depth of breathing, showed high values of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, orthopnoea, tachypnoea and use of accessory muscles to breathe, showed high values of specificity; dyspnoea showed high values of sensitivity. Finally, assumption of three-point position, bradypnoea and increased anterior-posterior diameter were not found to be statistically significant for this sample population. CONCLUSION: Five defining characteristics of ineffective breathing pattern presented measures of accuracy with statistically significant values in children with congenital heart disease. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings can help nurses during the diagnostic process, as they identify which defining characteristics can be used to confirm or rule out the probability of occurrence of the diagnosis.

International Collaboration and New Research Evidence on Nanda International Terminology.

OBJECTIVES: To discuss priorities and possibilities for promoting international collaboration and new research evidence on NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I). METHODS: Theoretical reflection article based on the literature and the authors' opinions on the subject matter, carried out by six research nurses. CONCLUSIONS: International research collaboration for NANDA-I allows the improvement of research production in an actual clinical setting, especially with multicenter and validation studies, conducted by researchers from different countries. This provides for improved understanding of patients' experiences and may help to produce robust scientific evidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING KNOWLEDGE: The generation of new evidence may lead to an increase in NANDA-I visibility and in nurses' understanding of its meaning for clinical practice and for the formulation of diagnostic hypotheses.

Relationships between nursing diagnoses and the level of dependence in activities of daily living of elderly residents.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and validate nursing diagnoses of elderly residents, and determine their relationship with the level of dependence in activities of daily living. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five older adults were assessed using medical history and physical examination. Twelve validated gerontological instruments were administered to assess delirium, nutritional status, risk for falls, risk for pressure injury, dementia, cognitive losses, depression, and level of dependence in daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Nursing diagnoses were identified and validated by experienced, doctorally-prepared nurses. The association between the presence of a nursing diagnosis and the level of dependence was assessed by a test for trend in proportions. The Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis test was used to investigate the association between the number of nursing diagnoses and the level of dependence of the elderly. RESULTS: Most older adults were at risk for malnutrition, at high risk for falls, cognitively impaired, totally dependent for daily living and activities of daily living. In addition, they had very mild dementia and most did not have risk for pressure injuries. Depression was noted among those with dementia, but was absent in those without dementia. A total of 52 nursing diagnoses were validated. Of these, 11 were associated with the level of dependence in daily living. CONCLUSION: These results can be reproduced in other skilled nursing facilities for older adults, and these may allow the planning of interventions to alleviate etiologies and signs/symptoms of nursing diagnoses, rather than simply directing care toward a general category of dependence. Therefore, guaranteeing individualized nursing care to meet the specific needs of each resident.

Alarm limit settings for early warning systems to identify at-risk patients.

AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to provide objective data to assist with setting alarm limits for early warning systems. BACKGROUND: Early warning systems are used to provide timely detection of patient deterioration outside of critical care areas, but with little data from the general ward population to guide alarm limit settings. Monitoring systems used in critical care areas are known for excellent sensitivity in detecting signs of deterioration, but give high false positive alarm rates, which are managed with nurses caring for two or fewer patients. On general wards, nurses caring for four or more patients will be unable to manage a high number of false alarms. Physiological data from a general ward population would help to guide alarm limit settings. METHODS: A dataset of continuous heart rate and respiratory rate data from a general ward population, previously collected from July 2003-January 2006, was analyzed for adult patients with no severe adverse events. Dataset modeling was constructed to analyze alarm frequency at varying heart rate and respiratory rate alarm limits. RESULTS: A total of 317 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria, with 780.71 days of total monitoring. Sample alarm settings appeared to optimize false positive alarm rates for the following settings: heart rate high 130-135, low 40-45; respiratory rate high 30-35, low 7-8. Rates for each selected limit can be added to calculate the total alarm frequency, which can be used to judge the impact on nurse workflow. CONCLUSION: Alarm frequency data will assist with evidence-based configuration of alarm limits for early warning systems.

Correspondence Between NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes as Proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification.

The accurate identification of the nursing diagnoses and the corresponding measurement of their indicators will depend on the elements in the standardized language systems. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correspondence between elements of four NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and outcomes suggested by the nursing outcomes classification (NOC) for the resolution of these diagnoses. METHOD: A methodological study consisting of cross-mapping was performed in the first stage between definitions, defining characteristics (DCs), and related factors (RFs) of impaired oral mucous membrane, impaired tissue integrity, spiritual distress, and delayed surgical recovery and outcome definitions and indicators to measure results of diagnoses resolution and an analysis of its relevance by experts in the second stage. RESULTS: It found partial correspondence between outcome indicators, DCs, RFs, and definitions. CONCLUSION: The data evidence the relevance of this review for a reliable application of these taxonomies and demonstrated partial correspondence between concepts analyzed. A identificação precisa dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e a medida correspondente dos seus indicadores dependerá dos elementos nos sistemas de linguagem padronizados.

A identificação precisa dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e a medida correspondente dos seus indicadores dependerá dos elementos nos sistemas de linguagem padronizados. OBJETIVO: Foi analisar a correspondência entre os elementos de quatro NANDA­I diagnósticos de enfermagem e os resultados sugeridos pelo NOC para a resolução destes diagnósticos. MÉTODO: um estudo metodológico que consiste em cross­mapping foi realizado em uma primeira fase entre as definições, características definidoras e fatores relacionados de Mucosa oral prejudicada, Integridade tissular prejudicada, Sofrimento espiritual e Recuperação cirúrgica retardada e as definições dos resultados indicados para a resolução destes diagnósticos; na segunda fase, foi realizada uma análise desta concordância por especialistas. RESULTADOS: correspondência parcial entre as definições dos diagnósticos e dos resultados, características definidoras e fatores relacionados. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciam a relevância dessa avaliação para uma aplicação confiável destas taxonomias e demonstrou a correspondência parcial entre os conceitos analisados.

Use of the nursing intervention classification for identifying the workload of a nursing team in a surgical center.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the distribution of nursing professionals' workloads, according to the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), during the transoperative period at a surgical center specializing in oncology. METHODS: this was an observational and descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 11 nurses, 25 nursing technicians who performed a variety of roles within the operating room, 16 nursing technicians who worked with the surgical instrumentation and two nursing technicians from patient reception who worked in the surgical center during the transoperative period. An instrument was developed to collect data and the interventions were validated according to NIC taxonomy. RESULTS: a total of 266 activities were identified and mapped into 49 nursing interventions, seven domains and 20 classes of the NIC. The most representative domains were Physiological-Complex (61.68%) and Health System (22.12%), while the most frequent interventions were Surgical Care (30.62%) and Documentation (11.47%), respectively. The productivity of the nursing team reached 95.34%. CONCLUSIONS: use of the Nursing Intervention Classification contributes towards the discussion regarding adequate, professional nursing staffing levels, because it shows the distribution of the work load.

Relationships between nursing diagnoses and the level of dependence in activities of daily living of elderly residents / Relações entre diagnósticos de enfermagem e nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and validate nursing diagnoses of elderly residents, and determine their relationship with the level of dependence in activities of daily living. Methods: One hundred thirty-five older adults were assessed using medical history and physical examination. Twelve validated gerontological instruments were administered to assess delirium, nutritional status, risk for falls, risk for pressure injury, dementia, cognitive losses, depression, and level of dependence in daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Nursing diagnoses were identified and validated by experienced, doctorally-prepared nurses. The association between the presence of a nursing diagnosis and the level of dependence was assessed by a test for trend in proportions. The Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis test was used to investigate the association between the number of nursing diagnoses and the level of dependence of the elderly. Results: Most older adults were at risk for malnutrition, at high risk for falls, cognitively impaired, totally dependent for daily living and activities of daily living. In addition, they had very mild dementia and most did not have risk for pressure injuries. Depression was noted among those with dementia, but was absent in those without dementia. A total of 52 nursing diagnoses were validated. Of these, 11 were associated with the level of dependence in daily living. Conclusion: These results can be reproduced in other skilled nursing facilities for older adults, and these may allow the planning of interventions to alleviate etiologies and signs/symptoms of nursing diagnoses, rather than simply directing care toward a general category of dependence. Therefore, guaranteeing individualized nursing care to meet the specific needs of each resident.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e validar diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência e determinar sua relação com o nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária. Métodos: Foram avaliados 135 idosos por meio de histórico clínico e exame físico. Utilizaram-se 12 instrumentos gerontológicos validados para avaliar delirium, estado nutricional, risco de quedas, risco de lesão por pressão, demência, declínio cognitivo, depressão e nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária e atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem foram identificados e validados por enfermeiros doutores com expertise clínica. A associação entre a presença de diagnóstico de enfermagem e o nível de dependência foi avaliada por teste de tendência de proporções. A associação entre o número de diagnósticos de enfermagem e o nível de dependência dos idosos foi verificada pelo teste de hipótese de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos apresentou risco de desnutrição, alto risco de quedas, declínio cognitivo, dependência total para atividades da vida diária e atividades instrumentais da vida diária e demência muito leve. A maior parte não apresentou risco de lesões por pressão. A depressão foi verificada entre aqueles com demência, mas estava ausente naqueles sem demência. Foram validados 52 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Destes, 11 foram associados ao nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: Estes resultados podem ser reproduzidos em outras instalações qualificadas para idosos e permitir o planejamento de intervenções para aliviar etiologias e sinais/sintomas dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, em vez de simplesmente direcionar os cuidados para uma categoria geral de dependência e, assim, garantir cuidados de enfermagem individualizados para atender às necessidades específicas de cada residente.

Use of the nursing intervention classification for identifying the workload of a nursing team in a surgical center / Uso da classificação das intervenções de enfermagem na identificação da carga de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em um centro cirúrgico / El uso de la Clasificación de Intervenciones en Enfermería para identificar la carga laboral de un equipo de enfermería de un centro quirúrgico

Objective: to analyze the distribution of nursing professionals' workloads, according to the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), during the transoperative period at a surgical center specializing in oncology.Methods: this was an observational and descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 11 nurses, 25 nursing technicians who performed a variety of roles within the operating room, 16 nursing technicians who worked with the surgical instrumentation and two nursing technicians from patient reception who worked in the surgical center during the transoperative period. An instrument was developed to collect data and the interventions were validated according to NIC taxonomy.Results: a total of 266 activities were identified and mapped into 49 nursing interventions, seven domains and 20 classes of the NIC. The most representative domains were Physiological-Complex (61.68%) and Health System (22.12%), while the most frequent interventions were Surgical Care (30.62%) and Documentation (11.47%), respectively. The productivity of the nursing team reached 95.34%.Conclusions: use of the Nursing Intervention Classification contributes towards the discussion regarding adequate, professional nursing staffing levels, because it shows the distribution of the work load.

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição da carga de trabalho entre os profissionais de enfermagem, de acordo com a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC), durante o período transoperatório, em um centro cirúrgico (CC) especializado em oncologia.Método: estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 11 enfermeiros e 25 técnicos de enfermagem, que realizavam diversas funções dentro da sala de cirurgia, 16 técnicos de enfermagem, que trabalhavam com instrumentação cirúrgica, e dois técnicos de enfermagem da recepção de pacientes, que trabalhavam no CC durante o período transoperatório. Um instrumento foi desenvolvido para coletar dados e as intervenções foram validadas de acordo com a taxonomia da NIC.Resultados: foram identificadas 266 atividades, mapeadas em 49 intervenções de enfermagem, sete domínios e 20 classes da NIC. Os domínios mais representativos foram Fisiológico Complexo (61,68%) e Sistema de Saúde (22,12%), enquanto as intervenções mais frequentes foram Assistência Cirúrgica (30,62%) e Documentação (11,47%), respectivamente. A produtividade da equipe de enfermagem alcançou 95,34%.Conclusões: o uso da NIC evidencia a distribuição da carga de trabalho, contribuindo para a alocação adequada do efetivo de enfermagem.

Objetivo: analizar la distribución de las cargas laborales de los profesionales de enfermería durante el periodo transoperatorio en un centro quirúrgico especializado en oncología basándose en la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (CIE).Método: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 11 enfermeros, 25 técnicos de enfermería que hacían diversas funciones en la sala quirúrgica, 16 técnicos de enfermería que trabajaban con el instrumental quirúrgico y 2 técnicos de enfermería de recepción a los pacientes que trabajaban en el centro quirúrgico durante el periodo transoperatorio. Se desarrolló un instrumento para la recolección de datos, y se han validadas las intervenciones según la taxonomía CIE.Resultados: un total de 226 actividades fueron identificadas y divididas en 49 intervenciones de enfermería, 7 dominios y 20 clases de Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería. Los dominios más representativos fueron el Fisiológico: Complejo (61,68%) y Sistema de salud (22,12%), mientras que las intervenciones más frecuentes fueron la Atención quirúrgica (30,62%) y la Documentación (11,47%). La productividad del equipo de enfermería llegó al 95,34%.Conclusiones: el uso de la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería contribuye a la discusión acerca de los niveles adecuados de los profesionales de enfermería, ya que muestra la distribución de la carga laboral de dichos profesionales.