Perfectionism as a Paradoxical Factor in Sport and Exercise Performance: An Umbrella Review.

Objective: Traditionally, perfectionism has been regarded as a commendable trait in the realm of sports and exercise. However, recent research has uncovered a paradoxical aspect of perfectionism in these domains. This umbrella review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the intricate role that perfectionism plays in sport and exercise performance. Method : As an umbrella review, we systematically explored three widely used scientific databases-PubMed, Scopus, and ISI-to identify relevant systematic reviewes and meta-analyses investigating the relationship between perfectionism and sports performance. Results: After careful evaluation, eight studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. These eight eligible studies comprised five systematic reviews and three systematic review and meta-analysis publications. These publications have explored the correlation between perfectionism and sports performance in teenager and adult populations, as well as professional and amateur athletes. Most of the original articles included in these studies had a cross-sectional design and some of them were longitudinal research. All reviewed articles reported a significant correlation between perfectionism and sports performance, regardless of gender and age. In general, the main consensus of these studies is a moderate to high positive correlation between perfectionistic strivings and sports performance, as well as a moderate to high negative correlation between perfectionistic concerns and sports performance. Conclusion: In summary, perfectionism exhibits both positive and negative effects on athlete outcomes. Maladaptive perfectionism is linked to adverse consequences, while adaptive perfectionism can yield positive effects. Promisingly, psychological interventions such as mindfulness-based approaches and ACT-based interventions show potential in reducing perfectionism and enhancing athlete outcomes. Future research should delve deeper into the intricate relationship between perfectionism and athlete performance and continue to devise interventions that counteract the detrimental effects of perfectionistic tendencies.

An Overview on Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings in Dyslexia.

Objective: Dyslexia is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by inaccurate and slow word recognition. This article reviews neural correlates of dyslexia from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Method : In this brief review, we provide electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in dyslexia to understand functional and structural brain changes in this condition. Results: In both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, the most frequently reported functional impairments in dyslexia include aberrant activation of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), temporo-parietal cortex (TPC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and cerebellar areas. EEG studies have mostly highlighted the important role of lower frequency bands in dyslexia, especially theta waves. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have suggested that dyslexia is related to functional and structural impairments in the left hemisphere regions associated with reading and language, including reduced grey matter volume in the left TPC, decreased white matter connectivity between reading networks, and hypo-activation of the left OTC and TPC. In addition, neural evidence from pre-reading children and infants at risk for dyslexia show that there are abnormalities in the dyslexic brain before learning to read begins. Conclusion: Advances in comprehending the neural correlates of dyslexia could bring closer translation from basic to clinical neuroscience and effective rehabilitation for individuals who struggle to read. However, neuroscience still has great potential for clinical translation that requires further research.

A cross-sectional study of the scientific production of doctoral graduates in Peru. / Estudio transversal de la producción científica de graduados de doctorado en Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the scientific production of doctoral graduates in Peru. METHODS: We made a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative analysis approach of the scientific production of doctoral graduates in all areas of science registered in the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation of Peru. RESULTS: We analyzed the scientific production of 942 doctoral graduates with a median time since the graduation of 84 months (interquartile range: 36 to 132). In total, 532 (56.48%) had published an article in their lifetime. The median of published articles was four (interquartile range: 2 to 12), and the median H-index of the doctoral graduates who had published was two (interquartile range: 1 to 5). We found that the number of publications and H-index was statistically different according to the doctorate area of science (p < 0.05 for both). Natural Sciences (69.13%), Engineering (67.47%), and Health Sciences (67.08%) had the highest proportion of doctoral graduates with at least one publication. Regarding gender and university of origin (foreign or Peruvian), it was found a difference concerning the number of articles published and the H-index (p < 0.05 for both) being that male and doctoral graduates with a foreign doctoral degree had higher scientific production. CONCLUSIONS: Only six out of 10 Peruvian doctoral graduates have published at some point in their life. The areas of science with the highest production by doctoral graduates were Natural Sciences, Engineering, and Health Sciences. There is higher scientific production in males and graduates from a foreign university.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la producción científica de los graduados de doctorado en el Perú. MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque de análisis cuantitativo acerca de la producción científica de los graduados de doctorado en todas las áreas de la ciencia reconocidas por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica del Perú. RESULTADOS: La producción científica de 942 graduados de doctorado fue analizada. La mediana de tiempo desde la graduación fue de 84 meses (rango intercuartílico: 36 a 132). Del total, 532 (56,48%) habían publicado algún artículo en su vida. La mediana de artículos publicados fue de cuatro (rango intercuartílico: 2 a 12) y la mediana del índice H de los médicos que habían publicado fue de dos (rango intercuartílico: 1 a 5). Se encontró diferencia en el número de publicaciones e índice H (p <0.05 para ambos) según el área de ciencia del doctorado. Ciencias Naturales (69,13%), Ingeniería (67,47%) y Ciencias de la Salud (67,08%) tuvieron la mayor proporción de graduados de doctorado con al menos una publicación. En cuanto al género y la universidad de procedencia (extranjera o peruana), se encontró una diferencia en cuanto al número de artículos publicados y al índice H (p < 0,05 para ambos), siendo que los hombres y los graduados de doctorado en el extranjero tuvieron mayor producción científica. CONCLUSIONES: Solo seis de cada 10 graduados de doctorado peruanos han publicado en algún momento de su vida. Las áreas de ciencia con mayor producción por los graduados de doctorado fueron Ciencias Naturales, Ingeniería y Ciencias de la Salud, existiendo además una mayor producción científica en varones y egresados de una universidad extranjera.

Producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus / Latin American production on formative research in Scopus

Introducción: La producción científica latinoamericana aún no es la esperada. Por ello tiene importancia analizar la actividad científica sobre investigación formativa en esta parte del mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus en el período 2010-2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las unidades de análisis fueron publicaciones sobre investigación formativa en revistas indizadas en la base de datos Scopus durante 2010-2020, y cuya autoría hacía mención a filiaciones de entidades latinoamericanas. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 120 artículos publicados con autoría a afiliaciones de instituciones latinoamericanas. Colombia es el país que contribuye con mayor producción científica sobre este tema, seguido por México, Perú y Brasil, que sobrepasan el 10 por ciento de la producción latinoamericana. En cuanto a la productividad por institución, 83 instituciones internacionales han participado en la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa, entre los que destacan instituciones de México, Perú y Colombia con 4 y más artículos publicados. Conclusiones: La producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa entre 2010 y 2020 fue de 120 artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus, con un porcentaje mayoritario de artículos de investigación, procedentes de Colombia, México y Perú. La institución con más producción resultó el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, y como las revistas con mayor cantidad de artículos aparecieron Q1 y Q2, con presencia de autores peruanos, brasileros y mexicanos(AU)

Introduction: Latin American scientific production is not yet as expected. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific activity on formative research in this part of the world. Objective: To evaluate the Latin American production on formative research in Scopus in the period 2010-2020. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. The units of analysis were publications on formative research in journals indexed in the Scopus database during 2010-2020, and whose authorship mentioned affiliations with Latin American institutions. Results: A total of 120 published articles were found with authorship to affiliations of Latin American institutions. Colombia is the country that contributes with the highest scientific production on this subject, followed by Mexico, Peru and Brazil, which exceed 10 percent of the Latin American production. In terms of productivity by institution, 83 international institutions have participated in the Latin American production on formative research, among which institutions from Mexico, Peru and Colombia stand out with 4 or more published articles. Conclusions: The Latin American production on formative research between 2010 and 2020 was 120 articles in journals indexed in Scopus, with a majority percentage of research articles, coming from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The institution with the highest production was the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, and the journals with the highest number of articles were Q1 and Q2, with the presence of Peruvian, Brazilian and Mexican authors(AU)

Comentarios al artículo "Factores asociados a la deserción en estudiantes de Medicina en una universidad peruana" / Replying the comments to the article "Associated Factors With Medical Students Dropout In Peruvian University"i:en

Sr. Editor: Leímos con interés el artículo "Factores asociados a la deserción en estudiantes de Medicina en una universidad peruana", de Fernández-Chinguel y Díaz-Vélez, en el que realizan un análisis de los factores, más frecuentes, asociados a la deserción médico estudiantil, dicho estudio motivó la redacción de la presente carta con el objetivo de dar un panorama más actual acerca de la deserción universitaria como factor multifactorial, y la búsqueda de alternativas de mejora, para mejorar la permanencia estudiantil. En la actualidad la deserción escolar, es decir, el abandono de estudios, voluntario e involuntario, definido por distintas causas ajenas o no a la institución educativa, implica una pérdida de recursos humanos, cuya influencia atañe a la familia, comunidad, institución y al país en su conjunto. Se considera de gran importancia que uno de los aspectos a seguir desarrollándose va ligado al ámbito académico y personal; el primero, dentro de la relación alumno-escuela-familia, el cual demuestra falencias en sus distintos aspectos; el segundo, responde al proceso de admisión, el cual aún no ha permitido detectar una adecuada preparación, que permita la continuación de estudios universitarios....

Mr. Publisher: We read with interest the article "Factors associated with the desertion in students of Medicine in a Peruvian university", of Fernández-Chinguel and Díaz-Vélez, in which associates realize an analysis of the factors, more frequent, to the desertion student doctor, the above mentioned study explained the writing of the present letter by the target to give a more current panorama about the university desertion like factor multifactorial, and the search of alternatives of progress, to improve the student permanence. At present the dropping out, that is to say, the abandonment of studies, voluntary and involuntary, defined by different foreign causes or not to the educational institution, implies a loss of human resources, which influence atañe to the family, community, institution and to the country in its set. It is considered of big importance that one of the aspects, to keep on developing, is tied to the academic and personal ambience; the first one, inside the relation pupil - escuela-familia, who demonstrates bankruptcies in its different aspects; the second one, answers to the process of admission, which still has not allowed to detect a suitable preparation, which allows the university studies continuation....