Executive summary consensus statement of imported diseases group (GEPI) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SETMSI), on the diagnostic and treatment of imported schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent disease, especially in immigrant populations, and is associated with significant morbidity and diagnostic delays outside endemic areas. For these reasons, the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI) have developed a joint consensus document to serve as a guide for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of this disease outside endemic areas. A panel of experts from both societies identified the main questions to be answered and developed recommendations based on the scientific evidence available at the time. The document was reviewed by the members from both societies for final approval.

[Innovating in public health: monitoring of social determinants of health and reduction of health inequities: a priority for Spanish presidency of the European union in 2010]. / Innovando en salud pública: monitorización de los determinantes sociales de la salud y reducción de las desigualdades en salud: Una prioridad para la presidencia española de la Unión Europea en 2010.

Tackling health inequalities to achieve health equity is currently one of the main challenges for developed and developing countries. Aware of this reality, and knowing how relevant for economic and social growth the inequalities in health are, the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy has established "Innovation in Public Health: monitoring social determinants of health and reduction of health inequalities" as one of the priorities for the Spanish presidency of the European Union in the first semester of 2010. Furthermore, a national strategy to tackle health inequalities is being developed in the current political term. By choosing this priority, the Spanish Ministry of Health an Social Policy aims to contribute to move forward a coherent and effective agenda at both European and national level, in a new world stage more aware of the social and economic expenditure of inequity in health and its repercussions on countries welfare and development.

[Efficacy of oral/buccal insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.]. / Eficacia de la insulina de administración oral/bucal en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of administering oral/buccal insulin. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Reference databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Current Contents, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, European Drugs Agency, Food and Drug Administration, International Network of Technological Evaluation Agencies, European Network for New and Emerging Technologies (EuroScan), and gravel research registers. SELECTION OF THE STUDIES: Two clinical trials were found. Those studies that did not compare oral/buccal insulin with the standard treatment with injected insulin in terms of clinical parameters in a population with diabetes were excluded. EXTRACTION OF DATA: Critical reading according to the method proposed by the CASPe program and the Jadad scale. RESULTS: Buccal insulin produced a greater and earlier reduction in post-prandial blood glucose at 30 min in the intervention group compared to the control group (decrease of 55 mg/dl) and a higher and more rapid peak blood insulin (98 compared to 65 microU/mL). The postprandial levels with oral insulin were similar to those obtained with injected insulin, and had a higher maximum insulin concentration (110+/-130 vs. 96.3+/-69.7 microU/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Oral/buccal insulin gives, at least, results similar to the standard treatment. However, the studies had methodological problems of internal and external validity. Studies of longer duration are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety.

[Differences in the recognition of occupational diseases by sex, occupation and business activity in Spain (1990-2009)]. / Reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales según sexo, ocupación y actividad de la empresa en España (1999-2009.

BACKGROUND: According to official statistics, men suffer more occupational diseases (OD) than women. Nevertheless, the unequal distribution and participation in the labor markets between men and women should be kept in mind. The purpose was to assess the gender impact in the recognition of OD in Spain, examining interaction and confounding factors. METHODS: An incidence study of the occupational diseases declared through the official OD reporting forms from 1999 to 2009, provided by the General Subdirectorate of Social and Labor Statistics of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, was conducted. The variables included were: reporting year, sex, age, occupation and economic activity of the company. Rates and crude relative risks (cRR) by these variables were calculated. Adjusted RR were also computed by using multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: During the study period a total of 243,310 OD were reported in Spain, with a sex ratio of men to women of 1.07. Correlation existed between occupation and business activity, thus the OD rates and RR were computed by these variables separately. By occupation, men had a crude RR of 1.067 (95%CI:1.058 to 1.076) versus women, while wen the analysis was adjusted by all the variables, the RR was 0.507 (95%CI:0.502 to 0.512). By economic activity of the company, the sense of risk was reversed too in the adjusted analysis (cRR=1.065, 95%CI:1.056 to 1.074 versus 0.632, 95%CI:0.626 to 0.638). CONCLUSIONS: Although crude OD rates were lower in women than in men during the period 1999-2009 in Spain, when these rates were adjusted by company activity or worker occupation, age and year of OD declaration, RRs become almost 50% higher in women than in men for the majority of occupations and types of company activity.

OBJETIVO: Según las estadísticas oficiales, los hombres sufren más enfermedades profesionales (EEPP) que las mujeres. No obstante, hay que tener presente su desigual distribución y participación en el mundo laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar cómo afecta el sexo al reconocimiento de EEPP en España, identificando posibles factores de interacción/confusión. METODOS: Se estudió la incidencia de las EEPP declaradas a través del Parte Oficial durante el período de 1999 al 2009 proporcionados por la Subdirección General de Estadísticas Sociales y Laborales del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social. Las variables incluidas fueron: año de declaración, sexo, edad, ocupación y actividad económica de la empresa. Se calcularon tasas y riesgos relativos (RR) crudos de EEPP por cada variable. Se estimaron los RR ajustados mediante análisis bivariable y multivariante de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Durante 1999-2009 se notificaron en España 243.310 EEPP, con una razón de tasas hombres/mujeres de 1,07. Hubo correlación entre la ocupación y la actividad de la empresa, por lo que se analizaron las EEPP según estas variables por separado. Por ocupación, los hombres presentaron un RR crudo de 1,067 (IC95%:1,058-1,076) frente a las mujeres, mientras que al ajustar por todas las variables del modelo el RR fue de 0,507 (IC95%:0,502-0,512). Por actividad, el sentido del riesgo también se invirtió en el análisis ajustado para el sexo (RRc=1,065, IC95%:1,056-1,074 frente a 0,632, IC95%:0,626-0,638). CONCLUSIONES: La declaración de EEPP durante el periodo 1999-2009 fue diferente entre hombres y mujeres según ocupación o actividad de la empresa.