RESUMO
Reactive metabolites have been putatively linked to many adverse drug reactions including idiosyncratic toxicities for a number of drugs with black box warnings or withdrawn from the market. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the risk of reactive metabolite formation for lead molecules in optimization, in particular for non-life threatening chronic disease, to maximize benefit to risk ratio. This article describes our effort in addressing reactive metabolite issues for a series of 3-amino-2-pyridone inhibitors of BTK, e.g. compound 1 has a value of 459pmol/mg protein in the microsomal covalent binding assay. Parallel approaches were taken to successfully resolve the issues: establishment of a predictive screening assay with correlation association of covalent binding assay, identification of the origin of reactive metabolite formation using MS/MS analysis of HLM as well as isolation and characterization of GSH adducts. This ultimately led to the discovery of compound 7 (RN941) with significantly reduced covalent binding of 26pmol/mg protein.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridonas/química , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia , Glutationa/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Microssomos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Piridonas/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
A series of benzo[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. Structure-based design led to the incorporation of a high affinity methyl sulfonamide group. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of this series revealed analogues with submicromolar potencies in the HCV replicon assay and moderate pharmacokinetic properties. SAR studies combined with structure based drug design focused on the sulfonamide region led to a novel and potent cyclic analogue.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Haplorrinos , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/síntese química , Tiazóis/farmacocinética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
Benzothiazine-substituted tetramic acids were discovered as highly potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. X-ray crystallography studies confirmed the binding mode of these inhibitors with HCV NS5B polymerase. Rational optimization of time dependent inactivation of CYP 3A4 and clearance was accomplished by incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups to the benzothiazine core.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirrolidinonas/química , Tiazinas/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Pirrolidinonas/síntese química , Pirrolidinonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
A new series of benzothiazine-substituted quinolinediones were evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. SAR studies on this series revealed a methyl sulfonamide group as a high affinity feature. Analogues with this group showed submicromolar potencies in the HCV cell based replicon assay. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies were also performed on a selected compound (34) to evaluate in vivo properties of this new class of inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/química , Quinolonas/química , Tiazinas/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Cães , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolonas/síntese química , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazinas/síntese química , Tiazinas/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The Janus kinases (JAKs) are involved in multiple signaling networks relevant to inflammatory diseases, and inhibition of one or more members of this class may modulate disease activity or progression. We optimized a new inhibitor scaffold, 3-amido-5-cyclopropylpyrrolopyrazines, to a potent example with reasonable kinome selectivity, including selectivity for JAK3 versus JAK1, and good biopharmaceutical properties. Evaluation of this analogue in cellular and in vivo models confirmed functional selectivity for modulation of a JAK3/JAK1-dependent IL-2 stimulated pathway over a JAK1/JAK2/Tyk2-dependent IL-6 stimulated pathway.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Ciclopropanos/síntese química , Janus Quinase 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 3/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazinas/síntese química , Pirróis/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Células CACO-2 , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ciclopropanos/farmacocinética , Ciclopropanos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Janus Quinase 1/genética , Janus Quinase 1/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 3/genética , Janus Quinase 3/metabolismo , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Pirazinas/farmacocinética , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacocinética , Pirróis/farmacologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Ratos , Receptores de Interleucina-6/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Further structure-activity relationships of a novel series of fungal efflux pump inhibitors with respect to potentiation of the activity of fluconazole against strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata over-expressing ABC-type efflux pumps are systematically explored. Rat protein binding and pharmacokinetics of selected analogues are reported.