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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(15): E3022-E3031, 2017 04 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28348206

RESUMO

Birth defects, which are in part caused by exposure to environmental chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs, affect 1 in every 33 babies born in the United States each year. The current standard to screen drugs that affect embryonic development is based on prenatal animal testing; however, this approach yields low-throughput and limited mechanistic information regarding the biological pathways and potential adverse consequences in humans. To develop a screening platform for molecules that affect human embryonic development based on endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into embryonic ECs and induced their maturation under arterial flow conditions. These cells were then used to screen compounds that specifically affect embryonic vasculature. Using this platform, we have identified two compounds that have higher inhibitory effect in embryonic than postnatal ECs. One of them was fluphenazine (an antipsychotic), which inhibits calmodulin kinase II. The other compound was pyrrolopyrimidine (an antiinflammatory agent), which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), decreases EC viability, induces an inflammatory response, and disrupts preformed vascular networks. The vascular effect of the pyrrolopyrimidine was further validated in prenatal vs. adult mouse ECs and in embryonic and adult zebrafish. We developed a platform based on human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs for drug screening, which may open new avenues of research for the study and modulation of embryonic vasculature.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo
2.
Nanoscale Horiz ; 6(3): 245-259, 2021 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33576750

RESUMO

The vascular bioactivity/safety of nanomaterials is typically evaluated by animal testing, which is of low throughput and does not account for biological differences between animals and humans such as ageing, metabolism and disease profiles. The development of personalized human in vitro platforms to evaluate the interaction of nanomaterials with the vascular system would be important for both therapeutic and regenerative medicine. A library of 30 nanoparticle (NP) formulations, in use in imaging, antimicrobial and pharmaceutical applications, was evaluated in a reporter zebrafish model of vasculogenesis and then tested in personalized humanized models composed of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) with "young" and "aged" phenotypes in 3 vascular network formats: 2D (in polystyrene dish), 3D (in Matrigel) and in a blood vessel on a chip. As a proof of concept, vascular toxicity was used as the main readout. The results show that the toxicity profile of NPs to hiPSC-ECs was dependent on the "age" of the endothelial cells and vascular network format. hiPSC-ECs were less susceptible to the cytotoxicity effect of NPs when cultured in flow than in static conditions, the protective effect being mediated, at least in part, by glycocalyx. Overall, the results presented here highlight the relevance of in vitro hiPSC-derived vascular systems to screen vascular nanomaterial interactions.


Assuntos
Vasos Sanguíneos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Adolescente , Animais , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Masculino , Testes de Toxicidade/instrumentação , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Peixe-Zebra
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