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1.
Res Dev Disabil ; 138: 104517, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37099881

RESUMO

Prior research on visual impairments has documented specific challenges that people with low vision face such as reading and mobility. Yet, much less focus has been given to the relationships between seemingly separate challenges such as mobility and social interactions; limiting the potential of services and assistive technologies for people with low vision. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 low vision participants and examined the relationships between challenges and coping strategies overarching three facets of life - functional, psychological, and social. We found that challenges in a specific area of life commonly interacted and impacted other facets of life and provide a conceptual map of these relationship. For example, challenges in mobility reduced social interactions, which in turn affected the psychological well-being. Moreover, participants repeatedly described how a seemingly specific functional challenge (i.e., seeing under different lighting conditions) influenced a wide range of activities, from mobility (e.g., seeing obstacles) to social interactions (e.g., seeing faces and interpreting non-verbal cues). Our results highlight the importance of considering the interrelationships between different facets of life for assistive technology development and evaluation.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Assistiva , Baixa Visão , Humanos , Visão Ocular , Interação Social , Adaptação Psicológica
2.
ACM Trans Access Comput ; 15(3)2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36148267

RESUMO

Blind people face difficulties with independent mobility, impacting employment prospects, social inclusion, and quality of life. Given the advancements in computer vision, with more efficient and effective automated information extraction from visual scenes, it is important to determine what information is worth conveying to blind travelers, especially since people have a limited capacity to receive and process sensory information. We aimed to investigate which objects in a street scene are useful to describe and how those objects should be described. Thirteen cane-using participants, five of whom were early blind, took part in two urban walking experiments. In the first experiment, participants were asked to voice their information needs in the form of questions to the experimenter. In the second experiment, participants were asked to score scene descriptions and navigation instructions, provided by the experimenter, in terms of their usefulness. The descriptions included a variety of objects with various annotations per object. Additionally, we asked participants to rank order the objects and the different descriptions per object in terms of priority and explain why the provided information is or is not useful to them. The results reveal differences between early and late blind participants. Late blind participants requested information more frequently and prioritized information about objects' locations. Our results illustrate how different factors, such as the level of detail, relative position, and what type of information is provided when describing an object, affected the usefulness of scene descriptions. Participants explained how they (indirectly) used information, but they were frequently unable to explain their ratings. The results distinguish between various types of travel information, underscore the importance of featuring these types at multiple levels of abstraction, and highlight gaps in current understanding of travel information needs. Elucidating the information needs of blind travelers is critical for the development of more useful assistive technologies.

3.
J Org Chem ; 61(22): 7727-7737, 1996 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11667727

RESUMO

Farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) is an enzyme responsible for the farnesylation of Ras protein. Farnesylation is required for cell-transforming activity in several tumor-types, and therefore, inhibition of FPTase activity may be a potential target for anticancer drugs. Our continued search for novel inhibitors led to the isolation of a number of bicyclic resorcinaldehyde cyclohexanone derivatives named here cylindrols A(1) to A(4), cylindrols B and B(1), and a number of known compounds, from Cylindrocarpon lucidum. The compounds were isolated by bioassay-guided separation using Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, and reverse phase HPLC. Structures were elucidated by extensive application of 2D NMR and X-ray crystallography. The determination of absolute stereochemistry was accomplished by CD measurements. Chemical transformations of the most abundant compound resulted in a number of key derivatives which were critical for the evaluation of structure activity relationship. These compounds are members of ascochlorin family and showed a wide range of inhibitory activity (0.7 &mgr;M to >140 &mgr;M) against FPTase. The FPTase activity was noncompetitive with respect to both substrates. Isolation, structures, chemical transformations, and FPTase activity are discussed in detail.

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