Environmental tobacco smoke increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A birth cohort study in Sichuan, China.

INTRODUCTION: Studies on the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between ETS at different trimesters of pregnancy and the risk of GDM among non-smoking pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 16,893 non-smoking mothers from the Southwest Birth Cohort, China, were included in the final analyses. Exposure and outcome measures included self-reported ETS status at different trimesters of pregnancy and GDM diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between ETS and GDM. RESULTS: The prevalence of ETS exposure was 25.7%. Compared with no ETS, ever ETS had an increased risk of GDM, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 1.21 (1.09, 1.33). The association remained consistent at different trimesters of pregnancy ETS exposure. In the last trimester and with continuous ETS exposure, the risk of GDM increased significantly with the increase in the duration of the exposure. The risk of GDM associated with ever ETS during pregnancy significantly increased in mothers over 30 years old and pre-pregnancy overweight (P for interaction <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ETS exposure at different trimesters of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM among non-smoking pregnant women. These findings emphasise the importance of preventing ETS exposure during pregnancy.

Broad-Spectrum Antibody-Based Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for Rapid Screening of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether and Its Derivatives in Canned Foods.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is widely present in the inner coating of metal food cans, from which it can migrate into food and generate harmful derivatives during storage, such as bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether, and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether. Here, a gold-nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay based on a broad-spectrum polyclonal antibody was developed for the simultaneous detection of BADGE and its derivatives, which could be accomplished within 15 min. The quantitative analysis of the visualization results was performed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2021, and the detection limit, defined as the concentration causing 15% inhibition, was 0.97 ng/mL. The recoveries of BADGE and its derivatives at various spiking levels in canned food samples ranged from 79.86% to 93.81%. The detection results of the proposed immunochromatographic strip assay were validated via high-performance liquid chromatography, showing a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9580).

Analysis of characteristics and forecast of unintentional injury deaths of children under age 5 from 2013 to 2019 in Sichuan, China.

OBJECTIVE: Through the study of death characteristics and trend prediction, it is hoped that key populations, regions and seasons can be identified, thereby providing evidence support for the efficient prevention and control management of unintentional injury deaths. METHOD: We collected information on 8630 unintentional deaths of children under age 5 from local surveillance systems, analyzed by chi-square test and predicted by the seasonal ARIMA model. RESULTS: About 33.1% of child deaths were under the age of 1, 60.5% were boys, 37.6% were in urban areas, 2.6% were among ethnic Tibetans, 6.8% were among ethnic Yi, and 46.6% died inside houses. The top three of total deaths were accidental drowning (35.0%), accidental suffocation (32.7%) and traffic accident (15.5%). The ratio of males to females in traffic accidents (1.28:1) and poisoning (1.30:1) deaths was relatively lower than accidental falls (1.62:1) and drowning (1.85:1). The causes of death ratio in rural and urban areas were: drowning (1.83:1), poisoning (1.75:1), suffocation (1.62:1), traffic (1.41:1), and falling (1.24:1). Children's deaths of ethnic minority groups of Tibetan and Yi increased year by year (χ2=75.261, P< 0.001). Tibetan and Yi groups had the most deaths in summer, and Han in winter (χ2=29.093, P< 0.001). Accidental suffocation accounted for 78.2 percent of the total unintentional deaths of children under age 1. And drowning accounted for only 2.4 percent. The model SERIMA (1, 1, 2) (2, 0, 0) [12] is suitable for describing and predicting unintentional injury deaths of children under age 5. CONCLUSION: We should combine death surveillance with qualitative investigation or in-depth quantitative investigation to further analyze unintentional injury deaths in children.

Development of nanobody-based flow-through dot ELISA and lateral-flow immunoassay for rapid detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid.

As a major metabolite of pyrethroid pesticides, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) can be an indicator of health risk and human exposure assessment. Based on nanobodies (Nbs), we have developed a rapid flow-through dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot ELISA) and gold nanoparticle (GNP) lateral-flow immunoassay for detecting 3-PBA. The limit of detection (LOD) values for detecting 3-PBA by flow-through dot ELISA and GNP lateral-flow immunoassay were 0.01 ng mL-1 and 0.1 ng mL-1, respectively. The samples (urine and lake water) with and without 3-PBA were detected by both nanobody-based flow-through dot ELISA and GNP lateral-flow immunoassay, as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for validation. There was good consistency between the results of the immunoassays. This demonstrated that the two developed nanobody-based immunoassays are suitable for rapid detection of 3-PBA.