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Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of human brain evolution is essential to understanding human cognition and mental disorders. We generated multi-omics profiles and constructed a high-resolution map of 3D genome architecture of rhesus macaque during corticogenesis. By comparing the 3D genomes of human, macaque, and mouse brains, we identified many human-specific chromatin structure changes, including 499 topologically associating domains (TADs) and 1,266 chromatin loops. The human-specific loops are significantly enriched in enhancer-enhancer interactions, and the regulated genes show human-specific expression changes in the subplate, a transient zone of the developing brain critical for neural circuit formation and plasticity. Notably, many human-specific sequence changes are located in the human-specific TAD boundaries and loop anchors, which may generate new transcription factor binding sites and chromatin structures in human. Collectively, the presented data highlight the value of comparative 3D genome analyses in dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of brain development and evolution.
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Encéfalo/embriologia , Evolução Molecular , Feto/embriologia , Genoma , Organogênese/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Cromatina/metabolismo , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Camundongos , Especificidade da Espécie , Sintenia/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has shown promise in improving the pathophysiological characteristics of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, more research is needed to understand the exact mechanism behind their therapeutic effects and their impact on lung microbiota. METHODS: To investigate this, rats were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Control, COPDâ +â vehicle, and COPDâ +â UC-MSCs group. Lung function changes after UC-MSCs therapy were evaluated weekly for 6 weeks. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IL (interleukin)-6, and IL-1ß level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Arterial blood gas and weight were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine lung pathology, while changes in the lung microbiota were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: The administration of UC-MSCs in rats led to a progressive amelioration of COPD, as demonstrated by enhanced lung function and reduced inflammatory response. UC-MSCs treatment significantly altered the structure and diversity of the lung microbiota, effectively preventing microbiota dysbiosis. This was achieved by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reducing the levels of Proteobacteria. Additionally, treatment with UC-MSCs reduced the activation of pathways associated with COPD, including microbial metabolism, ABC transporters, and Quorum sensing. The group of UC-MSCs showed increased metabolic pathways, such as amino acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, compared to the COPD group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of UC-MSCs was found to reduce inflammation and improve lung function in rats with COPD. The mechanism may be related to the lung microbiota, as UC-MSCs improved the communities of lung microbiota and regulated dysregulated metabolic pathways.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Ratos , Humanos , Animais , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Pulmão/patologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Interleucina-6 , Cordão UmbilicalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) causes more than 311,000 deaths annually worldwide. The integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a crucial genetic event that contributes to cervical carcinogenesis. Despite HPV DNA integration is known to disrupt the genomic architecture of both the host and viral genomes in CC, the complexity of this process remains largely unexplored. RESULTS: In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) at 55-65X coverage utilizing the PacBio long-read sequencing platform in SiHa and HeLa cells, followed by comprehensive analyses of the sequence data to elucidate the complexity of HPV integration. Firstly, our results demonstrated that PacBio long-read sequencing effectively identifies HPV integration breakpoints with comparable accuracy to targeted-capture Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Secondly, we constructed detailed models of complex integrated genome structures that included both the HPV genome and nearby regions of the human genome by utilizing PacBio long-read WGS. Thirdly, our sequencing results revealed the occurrence of a wide variety of genome-wide structural variations (SVs) in SiHa and HeLa cells. Additionally, our analysis further revealed a potential correlation between changes in gene expression levels and SVs on chromosome 13 in the genome of SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS: Using PacBio long-read sequencing, we have successfully constructed complex models illustrating HPV integrated genome structures in SiHa and HeLa cells. This accomplishment serves as a compelling demonstration of the valuable capabilities of long-read sequencing in detecting and characterizing HPV genomic integration structures within human cells. Furthermore, these findings offer critical insights into the complex process of HPV16 and HPV18 integration and their potential contribution to the development of cervical cancer.
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Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Células HeLa , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , DNA , Genômica , Integração Viral/genéticaRESUMO
Electrons not only serve as a "reactant" in redox reactions but also play a role in "catalyzing" some chemical processes. Despite the significance and ubiquitousness of electron-induced chemistry, many related scientific issues still await further exploration, among which is the impact of molecular assembly. In this work, microscopic insights into the vital role of molecular assembly in tweaking the electron-induced surface chemistry are unfolded by combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. It is shown that the selective dissociation of a C-Cl bond in 4,4â³-dichloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl (DCTP) on Cu(111) can be efficiently triggered by an electron injection via the STM tip into the unoccupied molecular orbital. The DCTP molecules are embedded in different assembly structures, including its self-assembly and coassemblies with Br adatoms. The energy threshold for the C-Cl bond cleavage increases as more Br adatoms stay close to the molecule, indicative of the sensitive response of the electron-induced surface reactivity of the C-Cl bond to the subtle change in the molecular assembly. Such a phenomenon is rationalized by the energy shift of the involved unoccupied molecular orbital of DCTP that is embedded in different assemblies. These findings shed new light on the tuning effect of molecular assembly on electron-induced reactions and introduce an efficient approach to precisely steer surface chemistry.
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With excellent homogeneity, compactness and controllable thickness, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, residual organic sources and undesired reactions pose serious challenges to device performance as well as stability. Here, ester groups of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) are introduced as a reaction medium to promote the nucleation and complete conversion of tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) (TDMA-Sn). Through simulations and experiments, it is verified that ester groups as Lewis bases can coordinate with TDMA-Sn to facilitate homogeneous deposition of ALD-SnOx , which acts as self-encapsulated interface with blocking properties against external moisture as well as internal ion migration. Meanwhile, a comprehensive evaluation of the self-encapsulated interface reveals that the energy level alignment is optimized to improve the carrier transport. Finally, the self-encapsulated device obtains a champion photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.06% and retains 85% of the initial PCE after being stored at 85 °C with relative humidity of 85% for more than 800 h.
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Constructing high-performance hybrid electrolyte is important to advanced aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices. However, due to the lack of in-depth understanding of how the molecule structures of cosolvent additives influence the properties of electrolytes significantly impeded the development of hybrid electrolytes. Herein, a series of hybrid electrolytes are prepared by using ethylene glycol ether with different chain lengths and terminal groups as additives. The optimized 2 m LiTFSI-90%DDm hybrid electrolyte prepared from diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DDm) molecule showcases excellent comprehensive performance and significantly enhances the operating voltage of supercapacitors (SCs) to 2.5 V by suppressing the activity of water. Moreover, the SC with 2 m LiTFSI-90%DDm hybrid electrolyte supplies a long-term cycling life of 50 000 cycles at 1 A g-1 with 92.3% capacitance retention as well as excellent low temperature (-40 ºC) cycling performance (10 000 times at 0.2 A g-1). Universally, Zn//polyaniline full cell with 2 m Zn(OTf)2-90%DDm electrolyte manifests outstanding cycling performance in terms of 77.9% capacity retention after 2,000 cycles and a dendrite-free Zn anode. This work inspires new thinking of developing advanced hybrid electrolytes by cosolvent molecule design toward high-performance energy storage devices.
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In analogy to the cell microenvironment in biology, understanding and controlling the active-material microenvironment (ME@AM) microstructures in battery electrodes is essential to the successes of energy storage devices. However, this is extremely difficult for especially high-capacity active materials (AMs) like sulfur, due to the poor controlling on the electrode microstructures. To conquer this challenge, here, a semi-dry strategy based on self-assembled nano-building blocks is reported to construct nest-like robust ME@AM skeleton in a solvent-and-stress-less way. To do that, poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanoparticle binder is coated onto carbon-nanofibers (NB@CNF) via the nanostorm technology developed in the lab, to form self-assembled nano-building blocks in the dry slurry. After compressed into an electrode prototype, the self-assembled dry-slurry is then bonded by in-situ nanobinder solvation. With this strategy, mechanically strong thick sulfur electrodes are successfully fabricated without cracking and exhibit high capacity and good C-rate performance even at a high AM loading (25.0 mg cm-2 by 90 wt% in the whole electrode). This study may not only bring a promising solution to dry manufacturing of batteries, but also uncover the ME@AM structuring mechanism with nano-binder for guiding the design and control on electrode microstructures.
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An amorphous germanium-tin (a-Ge0.83Sn0.17) waveguide bolometer featuring a one-dimension (1D) metasurface absorber is proposed for mid-infrared photodetection at room-temperature. The device is based on the germanium-on-silicon (GOS) photonic platform. The impacts of the 1D metasurface on the performances of the waveguide bolometer are investigated. The responsivity of the a-Ge0.83Sn0.17 waveguide bolometer could be significantly enhanced by the metasurface. A responsivity of around -3.17%/µW within the 4.1 â¼ 4.3 µm wavelength range is achieved. In addition, a 3-dB roll-off frequency higher than 10 kHz is obtained.
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The anisotropic optical properties of aluminum scandium nitride (Al1-xScxN) thin films for both ordinary and extraordinary light are investigated. A quantitative analysis of the band structures of the wurtzite Al1-xScxN is carried out. In addition, Al1-xScxN photonic waveguides and bends are fabricated on 8-inch Si substrates. With x = 0.087 and 0.181, the light propagation losses are 5.98 ± 0.11â dB/cm and 8.23 ± 0.39â dB/cm, and the 90° bending losses are 0.05â dB/turn and 0.08â dB/turn at 1550â nm wavelength, respectively.
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Lithium niobate (LN) photonics has gained significant interest for their distinct material properties. However, achieving monolithically integrated photodetectors on lithium niobate on an insulator (LNOI) platform for communication wavelengths remains a challenge due to the large bandgap and extremely low electrical conductivity of LN material. A two-dimensional (2D) material photodetector is an ideal solution for LNOI photonics with a strong light-matter interaction and simple integration technique. In this work, a van der Waals heterostructure photodiode composed of a p-type black phosphorus layer and an n-type MoS2 layer is successfully demonstrated for photodetection at communication wavelengths on a LNOI platform. The LNOI waveguide-integrated BP-MoS2 photodetector exhibits a dark current as low as 0.21â nA and an on/off ratio exceeding 200 under zero voltage bias with an incident power of 13.93â µW. A responsivity as high as 1.46â A/W is achieved at -1â V bias with a reasonable dark current around 2.33â µA. With the advantages of high responsivity, low dark current, and simple fabrication process, it is promising for the monolithically integrated photodetector application for LNOI photonic platforms at communication wavelengths.
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BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signaling-mediated smoking-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH). And G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) could suppress G-protein signaling such as Ras and MAPK, but its role in cigarette smoking -induced PVR (CS-PVR) is unclear. METHODS: An in vivo model of smoke-exposed rats was constructed to assess the role of GPS2 in smoking-induced PH and PVR. In vitro, the effects of GPS2 overexpression and silencing on the function of human pulmonary arterial smooth cells (HPASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS: GPS2 expression was downregulated in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) and HPASMCs after CS exposure. More importantly, CS-exposed rats with GPS2 overexpression had lower right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and wall thickness (WT%) than those without. And enhanced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs induced by cigarette smoking extract (CSE) can be evidently inhibited by overexpressed GPS2. Besides, GPS2siRNA significantly enhanced the proliferation, and migration of HPASMCs as well as activated Ras and Raf/ERK signaling, while these effects were inhibited by zoledronic acid (ZOL). In addition, GPS2 promoter methylation level in rat PAs and HPASMCs was increased after CS exposure, and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza) inhibited CSE-induced GPS2 hypermethylation and downregulation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: GPS2 overexpression could improve the CS-PVR, suggesting that GPS2 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for PH-COPD in the future.
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Fumar Cigarros , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Remodelação Vascular , Animais , Remodelação Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Vascular/fisiologia , Ratos , Masculino , Humanos , Fumar Cigarros/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/fisiologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Artéria Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Pulmonar/metabolismo , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Quinases raf/metabolismo , Quinases raf/genética , Hipertensão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Amniocentesis is the most widely used invasive prenatal diagnostic sampling technique. However, whether this increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission of infectious diseases remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether amniocentesis increases the risk of hepatitis B virus infection in infants who received standard prophylaxis, and to assess the related risk factors for mother-to-child transmission in women who underwent amniocentesis during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective analysis used the clinical data of pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University in 2019. After meeting the inclusion criteria, the participants were divided into 2 groups on the basis of whether they had undergone amniocentesis during pregnancy. The infant hepatitis B virus serologic status was followed 1 to 6 months after completion of immunization. The infant testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and negative for Hepatitis B surface antibody indicated mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. RESULTS: In total, 1764 pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection were enrolled. Of these, 846 underwent amniocentesis during pregnancy and 918 did not. All offspring received a standardized immunoprophylaxis schedule. The overall mother-to-child transmission rate for hepatitis B virus was 0.6% (5/846) in the amniocentesis group and 0.4% (4/918) in the control group (P=.745). Subgroup analysis showed that the mother-to-child transmission rate in hepatitis B e antigen-positive women was 1.8% (2/111) in the amniocentesis group and 1.0% (2/209) in the control group (P=.612). In women with high viral load, the mother-to-child transmission rate was 1.3% (1/78) vs 0.9% (1/107) (amniocentesis group vs control group; P=1.000). In the amniocentesis group, 31 amniotic fluid specimens had an abnormal appearance (bloody or brown). Univariate analysis showed that the mother-to-child transmission rates of these mothers were statistically higher than those of mothers with pale yellow or transparent amniotic fluid (2/31 vs 3/815; relative risk, 17.527 [3.037-101.151]; P=.012). CONCLUSION: Amniocentesis did not increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in infants who received a standardized immunoprophylaxis schedule, including those with mothers who were hepatitis B e antigen-positive or had a high viral load. However, the abnormal appearance (bloody or brown) of the amniotic fluid obtained during amniocentesis may indicate increased risk of mother-to-child transmission for hepatitis B virus.
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Hepatite B , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Lactente , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/uso terapêutico , Gestantes , Amniocentese/efeitos adversos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/tratamento farmacológico , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/uso terapêutico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming and motile bacterial strains, designated IT1137T and S025T, were isolated from an intertidal sediment sample collected from the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) and a soil sample under red snow in the Ny-Ålesund region (Svalbard, High Arctic), respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values grouped them in the genus Pseudomonas. The two strains were characterized phenotypically using API 20E, API 20NE, API ZYM and Biolog GENIII tests and chemotaxonomically by their fatty acid contents, polar lipids and respiratory quinones. Multilocus sequence analysis (concatenated 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD sequences), together with genome comparisons by average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, were performed. The results showed that the similarity values of the two isolates with the type strains of related Pseudomonas species were below the recognized thresholds for species definition. Based on polyphasic taxonomy analysis, it can be concluded that strains IT1137T and S025T represent two novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the names Pseudomonas paeninsulae sp. nov. (type strain IT1137T=PMCC 100533T=CCTCC AB 2023226T=JCM 36637T) and Pseudomonas svalbardensis sp. nov. (type strain S025T=PMCC 200367T= CCTCC AB 2023225T=JCM 36638T) are proposed.
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Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , DNA Bacteriano , Ácidos Graxos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , Pseudomonas , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia do Solo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/classificação , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Regiões Árticas , Regiões Antárticas , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Svalbard , Composição de Bases , Quinonas/análiseRESUMO
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic environmental toxicant and a known human carcinogen. Long-term exposure to As can cause liver injury. Dictyophora polysaccharide (DIP) is a biologically active natural compound found in the Dictyophora with excellent antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune protection properties. In this study, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of As toxicity was established using a feeding method, followed by DIP treatment in rats with As-induced liver injury. The molecular mechanisms of As toxicity to the rat liver and the protective effect of DIP were investigated by proteomic studies. The results showed that 172, 328 and 191 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the As-exposed rats versus control rats (As/Ctrl), DIP treated rats versus As-exposed rats (DIP+As/As), and DIP treated rats versus control rats (DIP+As /Ctrl), respectively. Among them, the expression of 90 DEPs in the As/Ctrl groups was reversed by DIP treatment. As exposure caused dysregulation of metabolic pathways, mitochondria, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related proteins in the rat liver. However, DIP treatment changed or restored the levels of these proteins, which attenuated the damage to the livers of rats caused by As exposure. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms of liver injury induced by As exposure and the treatment of DIP in As poisoning.
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Arsênio , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Fígado , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteômica , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Proteômica/métodos , Arsênio/toxicidade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Establishing homojunctions at the molecular level between different but physicochemically similar phases belonging to the same family of materials is an effective approach to promoting the photocatalytic activity of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) materials. Here, we prepared a CN material with a uniform distribution of homojunctions by combining two synthetic strategies: supramolecular assemblies as the precursor and molten salt as the medium. We designed porous CN rods with triazine-heptazine homojunctions (THCNs) using a melem supramolecular aggregate (Me) and melamine as the precursors and a KCl/LiBr salt mixture as the liquid reaction medium. The triazine/heptazine ratio is controlled by varying the relative amounts of the chosen precursors, and the molten salt treatment enhances the structural order of the interplanar packing units for the THCN skeleton, leading to rapid charge migration. The resulting built-in electric field induced by the triazine-heptazine homojunction enhances photogenerated charge separation; the optimal THCN catalyst exhibits an excellent H2 evolution rate via photocatalytic water splitting, which is â¼24 times as high as that of reference bulk CN, with long-term stability.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of bevacizumab under the comprehensive treatment strategy and its advantages over other drugs, so as to provide reference for the formulation of clinical plans. METHODS: As of October 1, 2022, the randomized controlled clinical trials of bevacizumab in combination with metastatic colorectal cancer published in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Medline databases were searched. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the short-term disease control effect and long-term survival of the treatment strategy. RESULTS: 21 RCTs (6665 patients; 3356 patients in the experimental group and 3309 patients in the control group; average age, 55-75 years) were treated with bevacizumab as the experimental group for metastatic colorectal cancer. BEV has stronger anti-tumor activity than the single treatment scheme (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.52). And Benefits of the BEV group were 0.73 (0.55, 0.96), 1.26 (0.71, 2.24), 1.63 (0.92, 2.87) and 0.07 (0.02, 0.25) compared with CET, VAN, CED and PAN respectively. The disease control of BEV combined therapy was better (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.78). The same as compared with cediranib (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06-3.55). However, the long-term prognosis of BEV, including the overall survival (HRs = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.15) and progression-free survival (HRs = 1.05,95% CI: 0.97-1.13) were not prolonged. The survival benefits of cetuximab and panitumumab were not reflected. CONCLUSION: The addition of BEV can enhance the anti-tumor ability and disease control, while cetuximab and panitumumab may have stronger ability. However, it did not effectively improve the survival of patients. A more reasonable and effective treatment plan needs more clinical experimental support.
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Neoplasias do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Cetuximab/uso terapêutico , Panitumumabe/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration is a crucial genetic step in cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an HPV integration test for the triage of HPV-positive women. DESIGN: An observational cohort study. SETTING: A cervical cancer screening programme in China. POPULATION: 1393 HPV-positive women aged 25-65 years undergoing routine cervical cancer screening and HPV integration testing with 1-year follow-up. METHODS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between HPV integration and cytology were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or more severe (CIN3+). RESULTS: Among 1393 HPV-positive patients, 138 (9.9% [8.3-11.5%]) were HPV integration test positive compared with 537 who had abnormal cervical cytology (38.5% [36.0-41.1%]). Compared with cytology, HPV integration exhibited higher specificity (94.5% [93.3-95.8%] versus 63.8% [61.2-66.4%]) and equivalent sensitivity (70.5% [61.4-79.7%] versus 70.5% [61.4-79.7%]) for detection of CIN3+. HPV integration-negative women accounted for 90.1% (1255/1393) of the total population and had a low immediate CIN3+ risk (2.2%). At 1-year follow-up, the progression rate in the HPV integration-positive women was higher than in the HPV integration-negative women (12.0% versus 2.1%, odds ratio 5.6, 95% CI, 2.6-11.9). In 10 conservatively managed integration-negative CIN2 patients, all showed spontaneous regression and seven showed HPV clearance after 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The HPV integration test may be a precise risk stratification tool for HPV-positive women and could avoid excessive use of invasive biopsies.
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Infecções por Papillomavirus , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , DNA Viral , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Papillomaviridae/genética , Esfregaço Vaginal , ColposcopiaRESUMO
Selenium (Se) is a beneficial trace element for plants, while zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient. Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. F. is widely recognized as a medicinal herb. In this study, Se and Zn were introduced to determine the medicinal properties of B. striata. The plant's biomass, polysaccharides, Se and Zn contents, and the antioxidant properties of polysaccharide solutions were all examined. A notable increase in polysaccharide synthesis in B. striata tubers was observed following the application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of Se, and 1.0 kg ha-1 of Zn, either individually or in combination. Se and Zn content in polysaccharides were 3.33 to 3.77 mg kg-1 and 82.82 to 121.78 mg kg-1, at 1.0 kg ha-1 Se and 10.0 kg ha-1 Zn treatments, respectively. These values were 2.1-3.1 times and 1.8-2.8 times higher than those observed in control samples. Polysaccharide antioxidation has resulted in an increase in antioxidant activity as the concentration of polysaccharide solutions increased. The largest scavenging of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the most excellent reducing power of the polysaccharide solutions were observed when a mixture of Se and Zn was applied at a rate of 1.0 kg ha-1 and 10.0 kg ha-1. The individual application of Se at 1.0 kg ha-1 and Zn at 10.0 kg ha-1 also resulted in significant DPPH radicals scavenging and reduced power. These data suggested that Se-Zn enriched B. striata is a new source of Se and Zn supplementation and an antioxidant resource.
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Arsenic (As) is a widespread environmental metalloid and human carcinogen, and its exposure is associated with a wide range of toxic effects, leading to serious health hazards. As poisoning is a complex systemic multi-organ and multi-system damage disease. In this study, a rat model of As poisoning was established to investigate the levels of trace elements in the blood of rats and sex differences in the effect of As on every trace elements in rat blood. Twenty 6-week-old SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into the control group and the As-exposed group. After 3 months, the contents of 19 elements including As in the blood were detected in these two groups by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As levels in the blood of As-exposed rats were significantly higher than those in the control group, with increased levels of Rb, Sr, Cs and Ce, and decreased levels of Pd. As showed a significant positive correlation with Rb. There were significant sex differences in blood Se, Pd, Eu, Dy, Ho, and Au levels in the As-exposed group. The results showed that As exposure can lead to an increase of As content in blood and an imbalance of some elements. There were sex differences in the concentration and the correlation between elements of some elements. Elemental imbalances may affect the toxic effects of As and play a synergistic or antagonistic role in As toxicity.
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BACKGROUND: Generally, the translocation of SRY onto one of the X chromosomes leads to 46, XX testicular disorders of sex development, a relatively rare condition characterized by the presence of testicular tissue with a 46, XX karyotype. Three prenatal cases of unbalanced X; Y translocation carrying SRY were identified in this study. METHODS: Structural variants were confirmed using single nucleotide polymorphism array and chromosomal karyotyping. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was also analyzed. Detailed clinical features of the three cases were collected. RESULTS: We identified two fetuses with maternal inherited unbalanced X; Y translocations carrying SRY and skewed XCI presenting with normal female external genitalia, and one fetus with de novo 46, XX (SRY+) and random XCI manifested male phenotypic external genitalia. CONCLUSION: This study reports that cases with unbalanced X; Y translocations carrying SRY manifested a normal female external genitalia in a prenatal setting. We speculate that the skewed XCI mediates the silence of SRY. In addition, our study emphasizes that combining clinical findings with pedigree analysis is critical for estimating the prognosis of fetuses with sex chromosome abnormalities.