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1.
Stress Health ; 2023 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37929999

RESUMO

Using latent profile analyses, the current work investigated levels of adverse childhood experiences, symptoms of anxiety and depression and 3 dimensions of relational promotive factors) to identify resilience profiles in a large general population sample (N = 161,622, mean age = 53.02; SD = 17.80; 56.1% females). We then used the same method to identify the resilience profiles of military veterans (N = 386, mean age = 43.47; SD = 10.08; 9.8% females), all of whom had served in Afghanistan. A four-profile-solution was the best fitting for the general population (High resilient 30%, Moderate resilient 13%, Low resilient 53%, Work/social-based resilience 4%), while a three-profile-solution had the best fit in the veteran cohort (Family-based resilience 28%, Work/social-based resilience 62%, Hardy loners 10%). To ground the identified profiles in occupational function, we also checked how they predicted reports of sleep difficulties, job demand and job control. Despite both samples inhabiting a geographic region known for high socioeconomic similarity among residents, we found marked differences in profile-solutions between the military veterans and the general population. Our findings suggests that resilience profiles are highly influenced by cohort characteristics and the specific resources needed to manage a given stressor load. Accordingly, the generalisability of specific protective factors may be low across distinct cohorts, and reliable findings need to be obtained in specific populations as defined by stressor context, sample characteristics, and relevant outcomes.

2.
Int J Transgend Health ; 22(3): 225-242, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34240067

RESUMO

Background: The experiences of transgender, gender diverse, and non-binary (TGDNB) workers remain poorly understood and under-examined in the extant literature, with workplace support perceptions and affirming behaviors of these workers particularly misunderstood. Aims: We address this gap in the literature by presenting and empirically testing a theoretical model that suggests affirming behaviors are differentially related to various sources of TGDNB worker support. We further suggest these sources of support are differentially related to TGDNB employee satisfaction and gender identity openness at work. Methods: We collected data from trans-related social media groups, inviting TGDNB-identifying employees to participate in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data from 263 TGDNB employees were collected through survey administrations. Results: Supervisor and coworker support are related to job and life satisfaction, with supervisor support strongly connected to job satisfaction. The use of gender-affirming pronouns/titles and discouraging derogatory comments at work were related to perceived TGDNB support. Positive transgender organizational climate was strongly related to gender identity openness at work. Discussion: Results highlight a need for better workplace inclusivity and TGDNB-friendly environments, as well as more diversity training and company policy improvements that directly impact the workplace experiences of TGDNB people.

3.
Health Educ Behav ; 47(1): 91-100, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31603011

RESUMO

Most of the health interventions designed to increase athletes' reporting of potential concussion symptoms have focused only on the individual athlete. Unfortunately, interventions targeted at athletes' knowledge and understanding of concussion risk has not reliably increased their reporting behavior, leading to increased calls for "changing the culture of concussion reporting." To date, no studies have examined the role of organizational safety climate has on concussion-symptom reporting behavior. We hypothesized that players' perception of organizational safety climate would be indirectly related to their concussion symptom reporting intentions, via the influence of safety culture on supportive social norms and self-efficacy, two well-known predictors of concussion reporting intentions. We used structural equation modeling techniques to create robust latent measures of our model variables and then examined the indirect influence of football program safety climate on football players' symptom reporting intentions. Surveys were completed by NCAA Division I football players (N = 223) before and after the 2017 football season. We tested a confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesized latent variable model with preseason data, made small adjustments to our model (adding correlated error terms), and then confirmed using postseason data. We also examined a competing, alternative model. Results support the indirect and influence of perceived safety climate on concussion reporting intentions primarily via the relationship between safety climate and social norms, and to a lesser extent between safety climate and self-efficacy. Discussion focuses on the importance of considering the addition of interventions aimed at systems-level influences to facilitate supportive social norms and athlete self-efficacy regarding concussion symptom reporting.


Assuntos
Atletas , Concussão Encefálica/diagnóstico , Futebol Americano/lesões , Intenção , Cultura Organizacional , Segurança , Adulto , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades
4.
J Athl Train ; 54(1): 21-29, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30721092

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Few researchers have examined the views of important stakeholders in football student-athletes' spheres of influence and whether their views map well in a systems approach to understanding concussion-reporting behavior (CRB). OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which stakeholders' beliefs about what influences football players' CRBs reflect system-level influences that go beyond individual-level factors. DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTING: Four National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university athletic programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 individuals (athletic directors = 5, athletic trainers [ATs] = 10, football coaches = 11). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Semistructured interviews with stakeholders were transcribed and analyzed using the socioecological model according to the Miles and Huberman coding methods. RESULTS: Stakeholders largely identified individual-level factors (attitudes), followed by exosystem-level factors (university policies and support for ATs), with fewer microsystem- and mesosystem-level factors (coach influence and communication between coaches and ATs, respectively) and almost no macrosystem-level factors (media influence, cultural norms about aggression and toughness in football). CONCLUSIONS: Promising evidence indicates growing stakeholder awareness of the importance of exosystem-level factors (eg, medical personnel and CRB policies) in influencing CRB rates. However, frontline stakeholders and policy makers may benefit from practices that bridge these influences (eg, coach involvement and communication), allowing for a more integrated approach to influence student-athletes' willingness to improve their CRBs.


Assuntos
Atletas/psicologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/psicologia , Concussão Encefálica/psicologia , Futebol Americano/psicologia , Medicina Esportiva , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Revelação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Autorrelato , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades
5.
Stress Health ; 33(4): 309-321, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27678069

RESUMO

Employees in work-linked marriages have spouses that share the same family and the same workplace and/or occupation. Whereas, in recent years, there has been increasingly more research on dual-career marriages (i.e. both spouses work, but not necessarily at the same workplace and/or occupation), there has been very little research on work-linked marriages. The current study focuses on work resources (i.e. family supportive supervisor behaviour and job control) as key mediating processes that explain the effect of gender on turnover intentions among work-linked employees in masculine occupations (i.e. military). Investigating gender differences is important because, compared with men, women are more likely to be in work-linked marriages and to leave their jobs. Based on role theory and conservation of resource theory, we predicted that gender was related to turnover intentions, and this relationship would be mediated by key explanatory variables (i.e. family supportive supervisor behaviours, job control and psychological distress). Mediation analyses, conducted on a sample of men and women in work-linked marriages (n = 309), provide support for the hypothesized model. These findings offer guidance for understanding gender differences among work-linked employees in masculine occupations, and how these differences can affect important outcomes such as turnover intentions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Assuntos
Emprego/psicologia , Militares/psicologia , Estresse Ocupacional/psicologia , Cultura Organizacional , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Cônjuges/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Estados Unidos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia
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