URETERIC ANGIOMYOLIPOMA CAUSING UNILATERAL PELVI-URETERIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION.

A 63-year-old lady, presented to us with nonspecific abdominal pain. Ultrasonography (USG) and CT scan abdomen and pelvis, showed right moderate hydronephrosis, with no evidence of mass at pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Per-operatively mass upper ureter was found obstructing PUJ. Mass was excised and pyeloplasty done, with Double J (DJ) Stenting. Stent was removed after a week. Histopathology of specimen showed upper ureteric Angiomyolipoma.

The pre-mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been a common, but poorly understood condition, frequently occurring in older persons. METHODS: The past and the emerging literature on SCI and synonymously named conditions is reviewed. RESULTS: Findings include: (1) There is support from at least one longitudinal study for a long-standing concept of SCI as a pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) condition lasting approximately 15years. (2) There are complex relationships between SCI and depression and anxiety. (3) Differences in SCI subjects from age-matched non-SCI persons are being published in terms of cognitive tests, hippocampal gray matter density, hippocampal volumes, cerebral metabolism, and urinary cortisol levels. Psychometric and dementia test score differences between SCI and MCI subjects have long been evident. (4) Predictive electrophysiologic features of subsequent decline in SCI subjects are being published. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of therapeutic agents in SCI treatment and resultant Alzheimer's disease prevention appear to be feasible. These trials are also necessary from a public health perspective.

Constipation in Pediatric Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of constipation in patients with pediatric age group presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Outpatient Department of Urology in Pakistan Kidney Institute at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from November 2012 to February 2014. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred pediatric patients presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) were studied in terms of age, gender, obstructive and irritative types of LUTS along with any associated symptoms. Constipation was assessed by Bristol stool chart in these patients. Patients with exstrophy of bladder were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics were measured for both qualitative and quantitative variables. For qualitative variables like gender, presenting symptoms, constipation and stool types, percentages and frequencies were calculated. For quantitative variables like age, percentages / mean ±SD were calculated. RESULTS: Mean age was 6.87 ±3.64 years with a range of 2 - 14 years. Constipation was found in 37.5% of the pediatric patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSION: Constipation is frequent and overlooked problem in pediatric patients having urinary symptoms. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms are more common. Children up to 5 years of age are the most common sufferers. Knowing the burden of constipation in such patients can help physicians in better treatment of such cases.

Frequency of occurrence of urinary tract infection in double j stented versus non-stented renal transplant recipients.

Prophylactic ureteric stenting in renal transplant recipients prevents major surgical complications such as ureteric leak and obstruction on the one hand while, on the other hand, it is associated with complications like urinary tract infections (UTI), hematuria, stent migration, stent encrustation and forgotten stents. UTI is documented to be most common complication associated with double J (DJ) stent. In this retrospective observational study involving 157 patients, we compared the frequency of occurrence of UTI in DJ-stented versus non-stented renal transplant recipients. The study patients had undergone renal transplantation, with or without DJ-stenting, between January 2007 and June 2012. The mean age of the study subjects was 34.01 ± 14.63 years. The patients were followed-up for one year post-transplantation with regular evaluation, including detailed assessment, complete blood picture, renal function tests, routine urine examination and cultures. Data were collected through chart and electronic record review. Of a total of 157 patients, 61 (38.85%) developed UTI, including 30 of 74 stented patients (40.54%) and 31 of 83 non-stented renal transplant recipients (37.34%). Relative risk was calculated to be 1.08. The mean serum creatinine at the end of one year was 1.47 mg/dL in DJ-stented patients and 1.36 mg/dL in nonstented patients. Our study suggests that there is no significant difference in the frequency of UTI between DJ-stented and non-stented renal transplant recipients.

Primary renal aspergillosis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in an immuno-competent toddler.

Aspergillosis is primarily a pulmonary disease so that renal aspergillosis is usually secondary to hematogenous spread from lungs. Primary renal aspergillosis, though a rare entity, is still seen in immuno-compromised individuals. Renal aspergillosis may lead to formation of focal abscesses, fungal bezoars and may cause ureteric obstruction. Treatment involves stabilization of patient and removal of fungal bezoars along with administration of anti-fungal agents. This report describes the case of localized primary renal aspergillosis with fungal bezoar formation in 2 years old immuno-competent child who presented in sepsis and acute renal failure and was successfully managed by nephroscopic removal of fungal bezoar and intravenous voriconazole. The other kidney required nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.