Vaccination coverage survey of children aged 1-3 years in Beijing, China, 2005-2021.

BACKGROUND: The routine immunization program for children is a primary strategy and a core part of vaccination. Achieving and maintaining high level of vaccination coverage are important to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. In Beijing, annual coverage surveys have been conducted since 2005. It is necessary and possible to assess the level and trend of routine vaccination coverage of children in Beijing as well as the disruption of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and provide the reference for the further improve the vaccination coverage. METHODS: The data of 61,521 children aged 1-3 years in the vaccination coverage surveys during 2005-2021 were analyzed by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data and the difference of vaccination coverage within the time period. RESULTS: More than 99 % of participants had immunization cards and electronic immunization records. The concordance rate of both records were also over 99 %. During 2011-2019, the rates of on-time and in-time vaccination of each routine vaccine reached 96 % or more and increased significantly (all P values <0.05), compared with that of 2005-2010. All rates of the investigated vaccine, except for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), decreased in 2020-2021 significantly (all P values <0.05). For the causes of failing to vaccinate on time, delayed vaccination accounted for 47.82 %. The top two vaccines to be missed were the first dose of hepatitis A vaccine and the 4th dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine, accounting for 21.41 % and 20.79 %, respectively. The main reason for zero-dose/drop-out vaccination was "Guardians regarded the immunization service time as inappropriate", accounting for 72.27 %. CONCLUSION: The coverage level and service quality of routine immunization in Beijing were relatively high. However, as influenced by COVID-19 epidemics, both on-time and in-time vaccination rates decreased significantly, except for BCG and HepB. Under the background of COVID-19 pandemic, the keys to maintain high level of vaccination coverage include flexible immunization service time to ensure the guardians bringing their children for vaccination timely, and more attention from providers to the doses after children's first birthday.

[Quantitative evaluation of the degrees of qualitative syndromes commonly encountered in patients with coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative model for evaluating the degree of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes often seen in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Medical literature concerning clinical investigation of TCM syndromes of CHD was collected and organized, and the "Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering" expert symposium method was applied. First, the 100 millimeter scaling was used for combining with scoring on degree of symptoms to establish a quantitative criterion for classification of symptom degree in CHD patients, and the model was established by using comprehensive analytic hierarchy process as the mathematical tool to estimate the weight of the criterion for evaluating qualitative syndromes in various layers by specialists. Then the model was verified in clinical practice and the outcomes were compared with fuzzy evaluation from the specialists. RESULTS: A total of 287 clinical observation forms on CHD cases were collected, and 167 forms were available after excluding any irregular forms. The results showed that basic coincidence rate between the outcomes derived from specialists and those from the model was 68.26% (114/167), and part coincidence rate was 88.62%(148/167). CONCLUSION: This model, with good rationality and feasibility, has a high coincidence rate with fuzzy evaluation from specialists, and can be promoted in clinical practice. It is a good quantitative model for evaluating the degree of TCM syndromes of CHD.

A genetic epidemiologic study of social support in a Chinese sample.

Accumulated evidence suggests that social support is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, there are little data that examine this issue from Asian samples. We reported results from a preliminary study that examined familial effects on social support in a Chinese adult twin sample. We administered a 10-item social support instrument that measures three dimensions of social support (i.e., objective support, subjective support, and utilization of support) developed for the Chinese population. Two hundred forty-two same-sex twin pairs, where both members of the pair completed the personal interview, were included in the final analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) effects on each dimension of social support. Familial factors (A+C) explained 56.63% [95% CI = 45.48-65.72%] and 42.42% [95% CI = 29.93-53.25%] of the total phenotypic variances of subjective support and utilization of support, respectively. For the objective support, genetic effects did not exist, but common environmental effect explained 37.56% [95% CI = 26.17-48.28%] of the total phenotypic variances. Neither gender nor age effects were seen on any dimension of social support. Except for objective support, genetic factors probably influence variation in subjective support and utilization of support. Shared environmental factors may influence all dimensions of social support.

[Safety and epidemiological effects of the first China-made mass A (H1N1) influenza vaccination].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and epidemiological effects on the first mass vaccination program, using the China-made A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. METHODS: Descriptive epidemiology and cohort study design were used to assess the influenza A H1N1 vaccine on its safety and epidemiological effects. RESULTS: 95 244 subjects were immunized with A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. 193 adverse events were reported through AEFI Management System, with the Reported rates of AEFI as 2.03‰. Most of the adverse events (137/193, 71.0%) happened during the first 24 hours after immunization was carried out. Of 81 adverse reactions confirmed to be related to immunization, with 78 (96.3%) showed mild reactions. No Guillain-Barre Syndrome related to vaccination was reported through the AEFI Management System. The epidemiological protection rate of A (H1N1) vaccine could reach 80.9% when the coverage was not considered. CONCLUSION: The A (H1N1) influenza vaccine showed a similar safety profile to seasonal flu vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated a good epidemiological effects against A (H1N1) influenza virus infection.

[A twin study of personality disorder heritability].

OBJECTIVE: To calculate heritabilities of personality disorders (PDs) in twin population. METHODS: Based on informed consent, we used Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (fourth-version) as our screening tool to study the adult twins (aged 20 - 70 years) in Qingdao city. There were 324 twin pairs whose zygosity had been determined. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritabilities by 242 same-sex twin pairs. RESULTS: The best-fitting models yielded a heritability of 68.26% (60.26 - 74.78) of overall PDs, 59.00% (49.22 - 67.17) of cluster A, 64.99% (56.24 - 72.16) of cluster B, and 63.66% (54.72 - 71.02) of cluster C. There were significant genetic effects for schizotypal, narcissistic and dependent, explaining 49.96% (37.94 - 60.14), 52.89% (41.85 - 62.24) and 68.87% (60.80 - 75.40) of the variance respectively. No genetic effects were found on Histrionic, but common environmental effect accounted for 54.08% (44.50 - 62.43) of the total variances. CONCLUSION: PD was mainly determined by genetic factor. These findings may provide evidence for future research on PD.