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There is limited evidence on fruit and vegetable intake in relation to cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake in midlife with cognitive impairment in late life. We used data from 16 737 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort study. The participants provided dietary data at recruitment at median age of 52·5 (range: 45-74) years and also participated in the third follow-up interview 20 years later at median age of 72·2 (range: 61-96) years. Quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables consumed at baseline were measured using a validated FFQ. Cognitive impairment at the third follow-up was defined using a Singapore-modified version of Mini-Mental State Examination. About 14·3 % participants had cognitive impairment. In multivariable logistic regression models, comparing extreme quartiles for intake of fruits and vegetables combined, the OR (95 % CI) associated with cognitive impairment was 0·83 (95 % CI: 0·73, 0·95; P-trend = 0·006) for quantity and 0·76 (95 % CI: 0·67, 0·87; P-trend< 0·001) for variety scores. Independently, those with increased variety of fruit intake or higher quantity of vegetable intake also had significantly 22 % and 15 % reduced odds of cognitive impairment, respectively. Finally, compared with those with low intake for both quantity and variety, those with both high quantity and variety for fruits and vegetables had 23 % reduction in odds of cognitive impairment. In conclusion, increase in quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables in midlife may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in late life.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the relations of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with mortality outcomes in a Chinese population. METHODS: The study included 62,063 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. The participants were 45-74 years at baseline (1993-1998) when dietary data were collected with a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire. The DTAC was derived using two widely adopted scores of integrated dietary consumption of antioxidant nutrients, i.e., the Comprehensive Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC). We used Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: During 1,212,318 person-years of follow-up, 23,397 deaths [cardiovascular diseases (CVD): 7523; respiratory diseases: 4696; and cancer: 7713] occurred. In multivariable models, the HR (95% CI) comparing participants in the highest vs. lowest quartile of CDAI was 0.85 (0.82, 0.88) for all-cause mortality, 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) for CVD mortality, 0.76 (0.70, 0.83) for respiratory disease mortality (all P-trend < 0.001), and 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) for cancer mortality (P-trend = 0.16). Similar associations were found with the VCEAC index. Higher intakes of the DTAC components, i.e., vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids, were all associated with lower mortality risk. CONCLUSION: Diet with a higher antioxidant capacity in midlife was associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality in the Singapore Chinese population, supporting the public health recommendation of consuming more plant-based foods that are rich in antioxidant nutrients.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Neoplasias , Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , China , Dieta , Humanos , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Singapura/epidemiologia , VitaminasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Current evidence on the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes and mortality is inconsistent, whereas the evidence on artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) was sparse. We aimed to investigate the associations of SSB and ASB intakes with mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS: Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2014; n = 31,402) were linked to the US mortality registry by the end of 2015. SSB and ASB intakes were collected using 24-h dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the associations of intakes of SSBs, ASBs, and added sugar from SSBs with mortality with adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, comorbidity, and dietary factors. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, 3878 deaths were identified. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with each additional serving/d of SSB were 1.05 (1.01-1.09) for all-cause mortality and 1.11 (1.03-1.21) for heart disease mortality. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the extreme quintiles of added sugar intakes from SSBs were 1.22 (1.05-1.42) for all-cause mortality and 1.45 (1.06-1.97) for heart disease mortality. No significant relationship was found between SSB intakes and cancer mortality or between high ASB intakes and mortality. Substituting one serving/d of SSB by an equivalent amount of ASBs, unsweetened coffees and teas, and plain water was associated with a 4-7% lower risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: Higher SSB intakes were associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality and heart disease mortality. High ASB intakes were not significantly associated with mortality. ASBs, unsweetened coffees and teas, and plain water might be optional alternatives for reducing SSB intakes.
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Bebidas Adoçadas Artificialmente , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Adulto , Bebidas/análise , Dieta , Humanos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , EdulcorantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: evidence from prospective studies investigating the association between consumption of nuts in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in late life is limited. METHODS: this study analysed data from 16,737 participants in a population-based cohort, the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Intake of nuts was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998), when participants were 45-74 years old (mean age = 53.5 years). Cognitive function was tested using the Singapore modified Mini-Mental State Examination during the third follow-up visit (2014-2016), when participants were 61-96 years old (mean age = 73.2 years). Cognitive impairment was defined using education-specific cut-off points. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between intake and risk of cognitive impairment. RESULTS: cognitive impairment was identified in 2,397 (14.3%) participants. Compared with those who consumed <1 serving/month of nuts, participants who consumed 1-3 servings/month, 1 serving/week and ≥2 servings/week had 12% (95% CI 2-20%), 19% (95% CI 4-31%) and 21% (2-36%) lower risk of cognitive impairment, respectively (P-trend = 0.01). Further adjustment for intake of unsaturated fatty acids attenuated the association to non-significance. Mediation analysis showed that the 50.8% of the association between nuts and risk of cognitive impairment was mediated by the intake of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: higher intake of nuts in midlife was related to a lower risk of cognitive impairment in late life, which was partly mediated by unsaturated fatty acids.
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Disfunção Cognitiva , Nozes , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , China/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Singapura/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown inconsistent results for the relation between dietary fat intake and cognitive function in the elderly. Furthermore, prospective studies on this topic among the Chinese population are scarce. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between midlife dietary fat intake and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. METHODS: Prospective cohort analysis was conducted among 16,736 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Dietary information was assessed by a validated FFQ at baseline (1993-1998) when participants aged 45-74 y (mean: 53.5; SD: 6.22). Cognitive impairment was identified using the Singapore modified Mini-Mental State Examination at the third follow-up visit (2014-2016) when participants aged 61-96 y (mean: 73.2; SD: 6.41). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment was presented in 2397 participants. When substituted for total carbohydrate, dietary fat intake was inversely related to cognitive impairment (OR comparing extreme quartiles: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.94; P-trend = 0.003). The OR (95% CI) comparing extreme quartiles of specific dietary fats was 1.08 (0.89, 1.31; P-trend = 0.51) for SFAs, 0.80 (0.64, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02) for MUFAs, 0.84 (0.72, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02) for PUFAs, 0.92 (0.77, 1.09; P-trend = 0.49) for n-3 PUFAs, and 0.83 (0.70, 0.98; P-trend = 0.01) for n-6 PUFAs. An inverse association was found for plant-based fat (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.98; P-trend = 0.02), but not for animal-based fat (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.15; P-trend = 0.76). When substituted for SFAs, the OR (95% CI) was 0.77 (0.61, 0.97; P-trend = 0.02) for MUFAs and 0.82 (0.70, 0.95; P-trend = 0.003) for PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS: We found that substitution of total carbohydrate or SFAs with MUFAs and PUFAs, particularly n-6 PUFAs, was related to a lower risk of cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese participants. In addition, an inverse association with cognitive impairment was found for plant-based fat.
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Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/química , Plantas/química , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Estudos de Coortes , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , SingapuraRESUMO
PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies directly investigating the association between different types of meat intake and cognitive impairment are limited. We, therefore, examined this association in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. METHODS: In total, 16,948 participants were included in analysis. Diet was measured by a 165-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998) when participants were 45-74 years. Cognitive impairment was defined using a Singapore modified version of Mini-Mental State Examination during follow-up three visits (2014-2016) when participants were 61-96 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Cognitive impairment was present in 2443 (14.4%) participants. Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of red meat intake was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.32, P for trend = 0.009), while the corresponding value for poultry intake was 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.02, P for trend = 0.10). Higher fresh fish/shellfish was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-1.00, P for trend = 0.03), while preserved fish/shellfish intake was associated with a higher risk (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, P for trend = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study found that a higher intake of red meat in midlife was associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment in later life, while substitution of red meat intake with poultry or fresh fish/shellfish was associated with reduced risk.
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Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/métodos , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Carne Vermelha/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Avaliação Geriátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aves Domésticas , Carne Vermelha/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Alimentos Marinhos/estatística & dados numéricos , Singapura/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Numerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti-metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations of chrysin (0, 5, 10, and 15 µM) which inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion of A375.S2 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell filter. That chrysin inhibited MMP-2 activity in A375.S2 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography assay. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression and results indicated that chrysin inhibited the expression of GRB2, SOS-1, PKC, p-AKT (Thr308), NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 at 24 and 48 hours treatment, but only at 10-15 µM of chrysin decreased Ras, PI3K, p-c-Jun, and Snail only at 48 hours treatment and only decrease p-AKT(Ser473) at 24 hours treatment. Furthermore, chrysin (5-15 µM) decreased the expression of uPA, N-cadherin and MMP-1 at 24 and 48 hours treatment but only decreased MMP-2 and VEGF at 48 hours treatment at 10-15 µM and 5-15 µM of chrysin, respectively, however, increased E-cadherin at 5-15 µM treatment. Results of confocal laser microscopy systems indicated that chrysin inhibited expression of NF-κBp65 in A375.S2 cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that chrysin can be used in anti-metastasis of human melanoma cells in the future.
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Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Melanoma/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Melanoma/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismoRESUMO
Tetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti-cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations (from 1, 5 up to 10 µM), TET significantly inhibited cell mobility, migration and invasion of GBM 8401 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Gelatin zymography assay showed that TET inhibited MMP-2 activity in GBM 8401 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TET inhibited several key metastasis-related proteins, such as p-EGFR(Tyr1068) , SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, p-AKT(Ser473) and p-AKT(Thr308) , NF-κB-p65, Snail, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, NF-κB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 that were significant reduction at 24 and 48 hours treatment by TET. TET reduced MAPK signaling associated proteins such as p-JNK1/2 and p-c-Jun in GBM 8401 cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assay was used to investigate NF-κB and DNA binding was reduced by TET in a dose-dependently. Based on these findings, we suggested that TET could be used in anti-metastasis of human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells in the future.
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Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Benzilisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioblastoma/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Which life satisfaction components could be a target of positive psychological interventions for longevity is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate association of the composite measure of life satisfaction and its individual components with mortality. METHODS: This cohort study included UK Biobank participants who responded to questions concerning five components of life satisfaction at baseline. We generated a composite score representing overall life satisfaction, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest). The outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of interest. RESULTS: Among 165,842 eligible participants, 12,261 all-cause deaths were observed over a median of 12.9-year follow-up. Overall life satisfaction was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.94 [95% CI: 0.93-0.95] per 1 score increment). Health satisfaction showed the strongest association with all-cause mortality, with a fully adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) for high/extreme satisfaction and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59-0.66) for moderate satisfaction, compared with unsatisfaction (P-trend<0.001), independent of other satisfaction components, regardless of physical health and sociodemographics. The association for family, friendship, work and financial satisfaction was attenuated when adjusted for other life satisfaction components. Similar findings were observed for cause-specific mortality. LIMITATIONS: Observational study with single baseline measurement of life satisfaction precludes the ability to establish causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Higher overall life satisfaction was associated with lower mortality. As the major contributor to lower mortality regardless of physical health and sociodemographics, health satisfaction could be an important target of positive psychological interventions for longevity.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Satisfação Pessoal , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Causas de Morte , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of occupational asthma, airway inflammation and analyze the risk factors for workers exposed to isocyanates. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was applied. Totally 429 isocyanates exposed workers were surveyed and the prevalence of occupational asthma and airway inflammation situation were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the possible risk factors of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma. RESULTS: (1) A total of 366 patients with complete data were included in the study, and finally 11 cases were diagnosed as isocyanate-induced occupational asthma with a prevalence of 3.0%. (2) Neutrophil percentage in the induced sputum of occupational asthma increased significantly [42.00% (34.00%-55.00%) before work and 59.00% (51.00%-70.00%) after work (Z = -2.940. P < 0.05)]. (3) Length of service (OR = 3.096, P = 0.025) and rhinitis (OR = 1.901, P = 0.008) were independent dangerous factors, and protective measures (OR = 0.074, P = 0.015) was protective factors to isocyanate-induced occupational asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophilic inflammation can be triggered by isocyanate exposure. Regular health examinations, effective protective measures can reduce the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma.
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Asma Ocupacional/etiologia , Isocianatos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study. METHODS: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings. RESULTS: A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction < 0.027). These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer. IMPACT: The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias da Próstata , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glucosamina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Suplementos Nutricionais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death is uncertain due to the rarity of data in individual trials. How well the antibody concentrations can predict the efficacy is also uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy of these vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections of different severities and the dose-response relationship between the antibody concentrations and efficacy. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WHO, bioRxiv, and medRxiv for papers published between Jan 1, 2020 and Sep 12, 2022. RCTs on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. A frequentist, random-effects model was used to combine efficacy for common outcomes (ie, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections) and a Bayesian random-effects model was used for rare outcomes (ie, hospital admission, severe infection, and death). Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated. The dose-response relationships of neutralising, spike-specific IgG and receptor binding domain-specific IgG antibody titres with efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic and severe infections were examined by meta-regression. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021287238. FINDINGS: 28 RCTs (n=286 915 in vaccination groups and n=233 236 in placebo groups; median follow-up 1-6 months after last vaccination) across 32 publications were included in this review. The combined efficacy of full vaccination was 44·5% (95% CI 27·8-57·4) for preventing asymptomatic infections, 76·5% (69·8-81·7) for preventing symptomatic infections, 95·4% (95% credible interval 88·0-98·7) for preventing hospitalisation, 90·8% (85·5-95·1) for preventing severe infection, and 85·8% (68·7-94·6) for preventing death. There was heterogeneity in the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against asymptomatic and symptomatic infections but insufficient evidence to suggest whether the efficacy could differ according to the type of vaccine, age of the vaccinated individual, and between-dose interval (p>0·05 for all). Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic infection waned over time after full vaccination, with an average decrease of 13·6% (95% CI 5·5-22·3; p=0·0007) per month but can be enhanced by a booster. We found a significant non-linear relationship between each type of antibody and efficacy against symptomatic and severe infections (p<0·0001 for all), but there remained considerable heterogeneity in the efficacy, which cannot be explained by antibody concentrations. The risk of bias was low in most studies. INTERPRETATION: The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is higher for preventing severe infection and death than for preventing milder infection. Vaccine efficacy wanes over time but can be enhanced by a booster. Higher antibody titres are associated with higher estimates of efficacy but precise predictions are difficult due to large unexplained heterogeneity. These findings provide an important knowledge base for interpretation and application of future studies on these issues. FUNDING: Shenzhen Science and Technology Programs.
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Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , Infecções Assintomáticas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Imunoglobulina G , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease leading to inflammatory tissue damage in multiple organs. The crude polysaccharides (BPs) isolated from the roots of Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium have anticomplementary activity and immunomodulatory functions on macrophages. To study its potential benefit on SLE, we examined effects of BPs on MRL-lpr mice, which have similar disease features to human SLE. MRL-lpr mice were treated orally with BPs 15, 30, or 60 mg kg⻹ day⻹ for 12 weeks and their SLE characteristics were evaluated. The results revealed that BPs elongated life span, improved kidney function, delayed lymphadenopathy, and reduced autoantibodies. It seemed to be mediated by inhibition of complement and macrophages activation and suppression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression in the kidney. These results implicate that BPs may be an immunomodulator for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Bupleurum/química , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Nefrite Lúpica/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Linfáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos MRL lpr , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Proteinúria/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Background: Patients with lung cancer are at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Molecular markers for early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia are of great significance for the early prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with lung cancer. By evaluating the relationship between adrenomedullin (ADM) and myocardial ischemic T wave changes, the clinical value of circulating ADM as a predictor of myocardial ischemia in patients with lung cancer is confirmed. Methods: We enrolled patients with lung cancer and healthy people from 2019 to 2021 and extracted a detailed ECG parameter. After adjustment for potential confounders, logistic regression was used to assess the association of clinical data. We performed analyses on differences in T wave between patients with lung cancer and healthy people, and the relationship between T wave and ADM among patients with lung cancer. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to confirm the diagnostic value of biomarkers. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, the incidence of T wave inversion or flattening in patients with lung cancer was higher than in healthy people (OR: 3.3228, P = 0.02). Also, further analysis of the data of lung cancer patients revealed that the ADM in lung cancer patients with T wave inversion or flat was higher than those with normal T wave (189.8 ± 51.9 vs. 131.9 ± 38.4, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.8137. Conclusion: Among the patients with lung cancer, serum ADM concentration is associated with the incidence of the abnormal T wave. ADM might be a potentially valuable predictor for heart ischemia in patients with lung cancer.
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BACKGROUND: With the dramatically rapid rate of aging worldwide, the maintenance of cognitive function in old age is a major public health priority. The association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of midlife diet and cognitive function in late life is still unclear. METHOD: The study included 16 703 participants from a prospective cohort study in Singapore. Dietary intakes and selected supplementary use were assessed with a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998). Two dietary TACs were calculated from the intake of antioxidant nutrients: the Comprehensive Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC). Cognitive function was assessed 20.2 years later using a Singapore-modified version of the Mini-Mental State Examination when subjects were 61-96 years old. Cognitive impairment was defined using education-specific cutoffs. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the associations between dietary TACs, component nutrients, and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: A total of 2 392 participants (14.3%) were defined to have cognitive impairment. Both CDAI and VCEAC scores were inversely associated with odds of cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval; p-trend) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile was 0.84 (0.73, 0.96; p-trend = .003) for the CDAI and 0.75 (0.66, 0.86; p-trend < .001) for the VCEAC. Higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids were all inversely associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary TAC was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment in later life in a Chinese population in Singapore.
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Antioxidantes , Disfunção Cognitiva , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ácido Ascórbico , China/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Dieta , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Singapura/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intakes have been reported to be associated with mortality; however, conclusions have been inconsistent. This review synthesized the evidence on the associations of SSB and ASB intakes with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer among all populations (including general, diseased, or occupational populations, etc.). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to March 2020. Fifteen studies including 17 cohorts were included in meta-analyses. Each serving (12 fluid ounces or 355 mL) increase in daily SSB consumption was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; 11 cohorts with 965,851 participants) and CVD (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; 13 cohorts with 898,005 participants) mortality. The associations of ASB intakes with all-cause and CVD mortality were J-shaped, and HRs (95% CI) across different doses (0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 servings/d) were 1.00, 1.01 (0.99, 1.03), 1.04 (1.02, 1.07), 1.08 (1.05, 1.11), and 1.13 (1.09, 1.18) for all-cause mortality and 1.00, 1.01 (0.96, 1.07), 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), 1.15 (1.08, 1.23), and 1.25 (1.14, 1.37) for CVD mortality. No significant association was found for cancer mortality. According to the NutriGrade scoring system, the quality of evidence on the associations of SSB intakes with all-cause and CVD mortality was high, and the quality of evidence on other associations was low to moderate. In summary, higher SSB and ASB intakes were associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Given the limited evidence, future studies should further investigate the association between ASB intakes and cause-specific mortality.
Assuntos
Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Edulcorantes , Bebidas Adoçadas Artificialmente , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas/análise , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Edulcorantes/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Previous meta-analysis studies have indicated inverse associations between some carotenoids and risks of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. However, the results for associations between carotenoids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconsistent and no systematic assessment has been done on this topic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of carotenoids with risk of T2D. We searched PubMed and Ovid Embase from database inception to July 2020. Prospective observational studies of carotenoids and T2D risk were included. Random-effects models were used to summarize the RRs and 95% CIs. Thirteen publications were included. Dietary intake of ß-carotene was inversely associated with the risk of T2D, and the pooled RR comparing the highest with the lowest categories was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.87; I2 = 13.7%; n = 6); inverse associations were also found for total carotenoids (n = 2), α-carotene (n = 4), and lutein/zeaxanthin (n = 4), with pooled RRs ranging from 0.80 to 0.91, whereas no significant associations were observed for ß-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. Circulating concentration of ß-carotene was associated with a lower risk of T2D, and the pooled RR comparing extreme categories was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.78; I2 = 56.2%; n = 7); inverse associations were also found for total carotenoids (n = 3), lycopene (n = 4), and lutein (n = 2), with pooled RRs ranging from 0.63 to 0.85, whereas no significant association was found for circulating concentrations of α-carotene and zeaxanthin when comparing extreme categories. Dose-response analysis indicated that nonlinear relations were observed for circulating concentrations of α-carotene, ß-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids (all P-nonlinearity < 0.05), but not for other carotenoids or dietary exposures. In conclusion, higher dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of total carotenoids, especially ß-carotene, were associated with a lower risk of T2D. More studies are needed to confirm the causality and explore the role of foods rich in carotenoids in prevention of T2D. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020196616.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Carotenoides , Ingestão de Alimentos , Humanos , Luteína , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , ZeaxantinasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dietary intakes of B vitamins (eg, folate) are related to cognitive function according to epidemiological studies in western countries. But prospective studies in Asian populations are scarce. This study evaluated the relationships of dietary intakes of six B vitamins in midlife with cognitive impairment in old age in a Chinese population living in Singapore. METHODS: This study included 16,948 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort. Baseline dietary intakes of B vitamins were assessed using a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire when the participants were aged 45-74 years (1993-1998). After an average follow-up of 20 years, cognitive function was examined using a Singapore-modified version of Mini-Mental State Examination scale in 2014-2016, and cognitive impairment was defined using education-specific cutoffs. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the association between B vitamins and cognitive impairment. All the six B vitamins were mutually adjusted in the final model. RESULTS: In the 2014-2016 interview, 2,443 participants were defined as cognitive impairment. Riboflavin and folate were significantly and independently associated with cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner: the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile was 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) for riboflavin and 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) for folate (both p-trend <.05). Dietary intakes of thiamine, niacin, vitamin B-6, and B-12 were not significantly associated with risk of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary intakes of riboflavin and folate in midlife were associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment in late-life in the Chinese population.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Niacina/administração & dosagem , Niacina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Singapura/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/uso terapêutico , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêutico , Vitamina B 6/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 6/uso terapêutico , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The design and fabrication of layered transition metal chalcogenides with high exposure of crystal layer edges is one of the key paths to achieve distinctive performances in their catalysis and electrochemistry applications. Two-dimensional WSe2 and MoSe2 nanomeshes with orderly arranged nanoholes were synthesized by using a mesoporous silica material KIT-6 with three-dimensional mesoporous structure as a hard template via a nanocasting strategy. Each piece of the nanomesh is a single crystal, and its c axis is always perpendicular to the nanomesh plane. The highly porous structure brings these nanomeshes extremely high exposure of layer edges, and the well-defined nanostructure provides an opportunity to quantitatively estimate the specific length of the crystal layer edges for the WSe2 and MoSe2 nanomeshes synthesized in this work, which are estimated to be 3.8 × 1010 and 6.0 × 1010 m g-1, respectively. The formation of a 2D sheet-like nanomesh structure inside a 3D confined pore space should be attributed to the synergistic effect from the crystal self-limitation growth that is caused by their layered crystal structures and the space-limitation effect coming from the unique pore structure of the KIT-6 template. The catalytic activities of the nanomeshes in an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction were also investigated.
RESUMO
The effect of direct spin-phonon interactions on spin-orbit-driven coherent oscillations in a single quantum dot proposed by Debald and Emary (2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 226803) is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. It is shown that the decoherence rate induced by acoustic phonons strongly depends on the spin-orbit coupling strength, the magnetic field strength and the dot size.