Transoral Endoscopy-Assisted Tongue-Lip Adhesion With Modified Tongue Base Suspension in a Pierre-Robin Sequence: A Safe and Effective Technique.

Life-threatening airway obstruction is a major concern in patients with Pierre-Robin sequence. Tongue-lip adhesion (TLA) has been used to manage airway obstruction. The authors present the case of a female neonate with Pierre-Robin sequence who presented with airway obstruction and a cleft palate. She underwent a TLA procedure with modified tongue base suspension (TBS). Endoscopy was used to check and control the traction of the tongue base to enable unobstructed self-ventilation. Positive outcomes including improved O2 saturation and weight gain were noted. The effectiveness of TLA was enhanced by using TBS with real-time endoscopy to evaluate the oropharyngeal airway space required to alleviate airway obstruction. The use of endoscopy enabled us to check and determine how much the tongue base should be tracted by manipulating the tongue anteriorly and posteriorly. The authors report transoral endoscopy-assisted TLA and modified TBS.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Bone Remodeling After Closed Treatment for Mandibular Condylar Head Fracture.

Closed treatment of mandibular condylar fractures has been used for its indications based on the fracture site, fracture status, and patient age. Posttreatment mandibular condyle size is associated with mandibular function; however, a few studies have reported bone remodeling patterns and volume changes in the condyle and glenoid fossa after mandibular condylar head fractures (CHFs). Therefore, volumetric changes in the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa were analyzed in the present study, and bone remodeling patterns were evaluated after mandibular CHFs. The present study included 16 condyles from 12 patients who received closed treatment for CHF. After reconstruction of a 3-dimensional skull model, including the mandible, using computed tomography data taken immediately after injury and 6 months after treatment, volume changes in the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa were analyzed. The condylar volume increased by 0.32±0.66 cm3 during the 6-month healing period without statistical significance (P=0.093). Regarding the glenoid fossa, the fossa showed a statistically significant volume increase of 0.41±0.59 cm3 (P=0.021), and 12 glenoid fossae (75%) showed downward bone apposition; however, no change or only mild bone resorption was observed in 4 glenoid fossae (25%). The results of this study indicated that the volume changes in the mandibular condyle after closed treatment of a mandibular CHF are not significant, and the glenoid fossa adapts to the displaced mandibular condyle through downward growth accompanied by volume increase.

Can Fracture Reduction be Attempted Through a 3D-Printed Guide Template Without Maxillomandibular Fixation?

BACKGROUND: Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is widely used in clinical practice. This technology may change existing methods for mandibular fracture management. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to determine if the reduction for mandibular symphysis fracture can be performed without maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) using 3-dimensional (3D)-printed template. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This in-vitro study was designed as a proof-of-concept. The sample was composed of 20 existing pairs of intraoral scan and computed tomography (CT) data. A mandibular model stereolithography (STL) file was created by merging the STL file obtained for the bimaxillary dentitions with the CT DICOM file, and this was set as the original model. Using the original model, a STL file of a fracture model of the mandibular symphysis was created using CAD. A template similar to a wafer or an implant guide was manufactured to restore original occlusion, and the mandibular fracture model was reduced and fixed using the 3D-printed template and wire. This was set as the experimental group. The 3D coordinate system error was measured at 6 landmarks and statistically compared using scan data between models of the groups. PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Reduction techniques with MMF or without MMF using guide template for mandibular fracture model. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The 3D coordinate system error (mm). COVARIATES: The position of landmarks. ANALYSES: The Mann-Whitney U test, student's t-test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the coordinate errors between the landmarks. A P value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 3D error value of the control and experimental group were 1.06 ± 0.63 mm (range: 0.11 to 2.92 mm) and 0.96 ± 0.48 mm (range: 0.2 to 2.95 mm), respectively. There was no statistical difference between the control and experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference in the lower 2 and lower 3 landmarks compared to the upper 1 (P = .001 and .000, respectively) before and after the reduction in the experimental group. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates that the reduction using a 3D-printed guide template for the mandibular symphysis fracture could be possible even without the MMF.

Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Doxorubicin from Nanoparticles of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chitosan Copolymer for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive polymer nanoparticles were synthesized for tumor targeting of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). For this purpose, chitosan-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) (ChitoPEG)-graft copolymer was synthesized and then DOX was conjugated to the backbone of chitosan using a thioketal linker. Subsequently, the chemical structure of the DOX-conjugated ChitoPEG copolymer (ChitoPEGthDOX) was confirmed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Nanoparticles of the ChitoPEGthDOX conjugates have spherical shapes and a size of approximately 100 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles disintegrate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the particle size distribution also changes from a monomodal/narrow distribution pattern to a multi-modal/wide distribution pattern. Furthermore, DOX is released faster in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicated that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles have ROS sensitivity. The anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using AT84 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Moreover, DOX-resistant AT84 cells were prepared in vitro. DOX and its nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both DOX-sensitive and DOX-resistant AT84 cells in vitro. However, DOX itself showed reduced cytotoxicity against DOX-resistant AT84 cells, while the nanoparticles showed almost similar cytotoxicity to DOX-sensitive and DOX-resistant AT84 cells. This result may be due to the inhibition of intracellular delivery of free DOX, while nanoparticles were efficiently internalized in DOX-resistant cells. The in vivo study of a DOX-resistant AT84 cell-bearing tumor xenograft model showed that nanoparticles have higher antitumor efficacy than those found in free DOX treatment. These results may be related to the efficient accumulation of nanoparticles in the tumor tissue, i.e., the fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue was stronger than that of any other organs. Our findings suggest that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles may be a promising candidate for ROS-sensitive anticancer delivery against DOX-resistant oral cancer cells.

Synthesis of DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Derivatives and Their Regulatory Effects on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1ß-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) has diverse physiological functions and plays important roles in health and disease. In this report, we focus on its function in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, which are implicated in several autoimmune diseases and host defense against infection. IL-1ß activity is markedly dependent on the binding affinity toward IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Several studies have been conducted to identify suitable small molecules that can modulate the interactions between 1L-1ß and 1L-1R1. Based on our previous report, where DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] exhibited such modulatory activity, three types of DPIE derivatives were synthesized by introducing various substituents at the 1, 2, and 3 positions of the indole group in DPIE. To predict a possible binding pose in complex with IL-1R1, a docking simulation was performed. The effect of the chemicals was determined in human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) following IL-1ß induction. The DPIE derivatives affected different aspects of cytokine production. Further, a group of the derivatives enabled synergistic pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while another group caused diminished cytokine production compared to DPIE stimulation. Some groups displayed no significant difference after stimulation. These findings indicate that the modification of the indole site could modulate IL-1ß:IL1R1 binding affinity to reduce or enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Circumscribed Myositis Ossificans of the Masseter Muscle.

ABSTRACT: The authors report a case of myositis ossificans traumatica of the masseter muscles. A 21-year-old man developed masseter myositis after orthognathic surgery to treat facial asymmetry. The myositis may have been triggered by factors such as calcification of a hematoma, periosteum implantation after surgical trauma, and local soft tissue injury. An intraoral incision was made to excise the ectopic bone, resulting in resolution of the patient's symptoms including limited oral opening.

Osmunda japonica Extract Suppresses Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines by Downregulating NF-κB Activation in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Infected with Oral Pathogenic Bacteria.

Periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infection and may progress to chronic dental disease; severe inflammation may result in bone loss. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent bacterial infection or control inflammation. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are responsible for the maintenance of tissue integrity and immune and inflammatory events in periodontal diseases. The formation of bacterial complexes by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis is crucial in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. F. nucleatum is a facultative anaerobic species, considered to be a key mediator of dental plaque maturation and aggregation of other oral bacteria. P. gingivalis is an obligate anaerobic species that induces gingival inflammation by secreting virulence factors. In this study, we investigated whether Osmunda japonica extract exerted anti-inflammatory effects in primary PDLFs stimulated by oral pathogens. PDLFs were stimulated with F. nucleatum or P. gingivalis. We showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) expression was induced by LPS or bacterial infection but decreased by treatment with O. japonica extract following bacterial infection. We found that the activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor for pro-inflammatory cytokines, was modulated by O. japonica extract. Thus, O. japonica extract has immunomodulatory activity that can be harnessed to control inflammation.

Evaluation of Postoperative Mandibular Positional Changes After Mandibular Setback Surgery in a Surgery-First Approach: Isolated Mandibular Surgery Versus Bimaxillary Surgery.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare postoperative positional changes in the mandible after isolated mandibular surgery (IMS) or bimaxillary surgery (BMS) in a surgery-first approach (SFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study composed of patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery using the SFA. Surgical and postoperative changes were evaluated using lateral cephalograms taken 1 month before surgery (T0), 1 week after surgery (T1), and immediately after debonding of orthodontic appliances (T2; 16.6 ± 8.7 months after surgery). To predict postoperative mandibular positional changes from the increase in vertical dimension (VD) in surgical occlusion, the mandible was rotated counterclockwise to the preoperative VD on the lateral cephalogram at T1, and resultant mandibular positional changes were measured. To evaluate actual postoperative mandibular positional changes between each time point and compare them between the 2 groups, independent t test, paired t test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were performed. RESULTS: Thirty patients were evaluated (16 in IMS group and 14 in BMS group). The 2 groups showed significant time-course mandibular positional changes from T0 to T1 and from T1 to T2 within each group (point B, P < .001), although no statistically significant differences were observed between groups. There was no statistically relevant difference between groups in the predicted and actual postoperative rotational movements. In addition to the mandibular forward movement that resulted from postoperative mandibular counterclockwise rotation, additional horizontal relapse occurred. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that the mandible exhibits notable postoperative forward movement during postoperative orthodontic treatment, regardless of the extent of the orthognathic surgery in the SFA, and it is necessary to consider mandibular forward movement from the VD increase in surgical occlusion and additional relapse during the treatment planning stage.

Accidental Swallowing of Dental Implant: Complication of Transnasal Endoscopic Removal From Maxillary Sinus.

Transnasal endoscopic removal of displaced dental implants in the maxillary sinus can be done easily under local anesthesia. However, very little is known regarding the precaution of this technique. In this report, we present the case of a 63-year-old man who visited the otolaryngologic department with a displaced dental implant in the maxillary sinus. Transnasal endoscopic removal of the displaced dental implant was planned and performed. However, the displaced dental implant was lost during removal. The implant was not seen in the other parts of the nasal cavity nor in the other parts of the oral cavity. Finally, radiographs revealed the presence of the dental implant at the level of the esophagus, although the patient did not notice anything because of local anesthesia. Thus, we conclude that operators should take into account the possibility of aspiration or swallowing of an implant through the posterior nasal aperture during the removal procedure. Precautions should be taken to avoid the possibility of implant aspiration or implant ingestion.

Factors Influencing Perception of Facial Attractiveness: Gender and Dental Education.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the gender- and dental education-specific differences in perception of facial attractiveness for varying ratio of lower face contour. METHODS: Two hundred eleven students (110 male respondents and 110 female respondents; aged between 20-38 years old) were requested to rate facial figures with alterations to the bigonial width and the vertical length of the lower face. We produced a standard figure which is based on the "golden ratio" and 4 additional series of figures with either horizontal or vertical alterations to the contour of lower face. The preference for each figure was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for differences in the preferences for each figure and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate gender-specific differences and differences by dental education. RESULTS: In general, the highest preference score was indicated for the standard figure, whereas facial figure with large bigonial width and chin length had the lowest score.Male respondents showed significantly higher preference score for facial contour that had a 0.1 proportional increase in the facial height-bigonial width ratio over that of the standard figure.For horizontal alterations to the facial profiles, there were no significant differences in the preferences by the level of dental education. For vertically altered images, the average Visual Analog Scale was significantly lower among the dentally-educated for facial image that had a proportional 0.22 and 0.42 increase in the ratio between the vertical length of the chin and the lip. CONCLUSION: Generally, the standard image based on the golden ratio was the most. Slender face was appealed more to males than to females, and facial image with an increased lower facial height were perceived to be much less attractive to the dentally-educated respondents, which suggests that the dental education might have some influence in sensitivity to vertical changes in lower face.

Litsea japonica Leaf Extract Suppresses Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Stimulated with Oral Pathogenic Bacteria or Interleukin-1ß.

Periodontal disease, a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection, eventually progresses to severe inflammation and bone loss. Regulating excessive inflammation of inflamed periodontal tissues is critical in treating periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is primarily a connective tissue attachment between the root and alveolar bone. PDL fibroblasts (PDLFs) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial infection, which could further adversely affect the tissue and cause bone loss. In this study, we determined the ability of Litsea japonica leaf extract (LJLE) to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs in response to various stimulants. First, we found that LJLE treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) mRNA and protein expression in PDLFs without cytotoxicity. Next, we observed the anti-inflammatory effect of LJLE in PDLFs after infection with various oral bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. These anti-inflammatory effects of LJLE were dose-dependent, and the extract was effective following both pretreatment and posttreatment. Moreover, we found that LJLE suppressed the effect of interleukin-1 beta-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs. Taken together, these results indicate that LJLE has anti-inflammatory activity that could be exploited to prevent and treat human periodontitis by controlling inflammation.

DPIE [2-(1,2-diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Augments Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1ß-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a prominent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases and plays an important role in host defense against infections. IL-1β activity increases with its increasing binding capacity to IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Thus, numerous studies have targeted the discovery of molecules modulating the interactions between IL-1β and IL-1R1. We have conducted an IL-1R1 structure-based virtual screening to identify small molecules that could alter IL-1β activity, using in silico computational analysis. Sixty compounds from commercial libraries were predicted to bind to IL-1R1, and their influence on cytokine production in IL-1β-stimulated gingival fibroblasts (GFs) was determined. Of these, only (2-(1,2-diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine (DPIE) showed a synergistic increase in inflammatory molecules and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2) at both mRNA and protein levels in IL-1β-stimulated GFs. The enhancing activity of DPIE in IL-1β-induced cytokine production increased in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. This pattern was also observed in IL-1β-stimulated primary human periodontal ligament cells (PDLs). Furthermore, we measured the impact of DPIE on the IL-1β⁻IL-1R1 system using surface plasmon resonance and demonstrated that DPIE increased the binding affinity of IL-1β to IL-1R1. These data indicate that DPIE boosts IL-1β signaling by enhancing the binding of IL-1β to IL-1R1 in oral primary cells.

Clinical and Cephalometric Analysis of Facial Soft Tissue.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide average of standard values in planning orthognathic surgery in Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three Asians with well-balanced facial profile, combined with class I occlusion and stabilized condylar head were evaluated using lateral cephalograms. RESULTS: Facial length (Nasion'-Menton') was 138.8 and 127.0 mm in male and female, respectively. Upper and lower lip length were 24.5 and 49.8 mm for male, and 22.2 and 45.1 mm for female, and maxillary incisor exposure was 2.0 and 4.0 mm in male and female, respectively. Nasolabial angle was 77.7° and 84.1° in male and female, respectively. Alar base, A point', and maxillary incisor were placed posteriorly to true vertical line by 10.6, 1.0, and 8.0 mm for male and 9.0, 0.8, and 6.9 mm for female. The horizontal distance between upper lip anterior and lower lip anterior was 2.1 mm for male and 2.6 mm for female, and the horizontal distance between A point' and B point' was 5.3 mm for male and 3.9 mm for female. Orbital rim' to A-point' was 12.4 and 11.3 mm in male and female, respectively. Pogonion' located posteriorly to glabella' by 2.7 mm for male and anteriorly to glabella' by 3.2 mm for female, and facial angle was 156.7° and 147.0° in male and female, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This quantitative analysis of facial profile in Asian will be helpful in evaluation of facial soft tissue and establishment of treatment plans for orthognathic surgery.

Esculetin Induces Apoptosis Through EGFR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Nucleophosmin Relocalization.

Esculetin, a coumarin compound, has anti-proliferative effects on various types of human cancer cells, but its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. In this study, we determined whether esculetin had anti-proliferative effects on two oral squamous cell lines, HN22, and HSC2. We found that esculetin inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evinced by apoptotic cell morphologies, nuclear fragmentation, and the multi-caspase/MMP activity. Furthermore, proteomic analysis was used to identify the target-specific proteins involved in esculetin treatment. Intriguingly, apoptotic cell death by esculetin was associated with significant inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that the expression of nucleophosmin (NPM) markedly decreased after esculetin treatment, and relocalization of NPM from the nucleous to the cytoplasm, together with p65, potentiated apoptotic stimulation. Additionally, our data indicated that NPM expression was markedly higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results collectively indicated that esculetin inhibited the proliferation of OSCC through EGFR-mediated signaling pathways and down-regulation of NPM as well as the perturbation of NPM trafficking from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm resulted in apoptosis.

Comparison of Orthodontics-First and Surgery-First Approach in Positional Changes of the Condyle After Mandibular Setback Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Analysis.

PURPOSE: To examine and compare the 3-dimensional (3D) postoperative changes of the condylar position after mandibular setback surgery using the orthodontics-first approach (OFA) and surgery-first approach (SFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who had undergone bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism using OFA or SFA. Computed tomography images were obtained and analyzed preoperatively (T0), postoperatively (T1), and at the 6-month follow-up visit (T2). The bodily shift of the condylar center and rotational movement of the condylar head were measured using the 3D coordinate system between each time point and compared between the OFA and SFA groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the time course changes of the condylar position for the 2 surgical-orthodontic approaches. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients (mean age 21.9 years; 31 males, 24 females) were evaluated. Of the 55 patients, 29 had undergone OFA and 26, SFA. In both groups, the condyle showed perioperative lateral and inferior displacement with inward rotation, followed by returning to its preoperative position during the 6 months postoperatively. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the time course change of the condylar position. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the timing of the operation (OFA vs SFA), the perioperative and postoperative changes of the condylar position after mandibular setback surgery are equivalent.

Sunken Eye Induced by Superior Orbital Wall Defect After Craniofacial Surgery.

Enophthalmos after a ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt placement is very rare. Previous defects of the orbital wall with intracranial hypotension can cause enophthalmos after V-P shunting. The authors present 2 patients of enophthalmos with orbital wall defects resulting from anterior clinoidectomy that was performed during previous aneurysmal surgery. Both patients received a V-P shunt for hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although the hydrocephalus was improved by V-P shunts in both patients, sunken eyes were observed. The patients received reconstructive surgery of the superior orbital wall using titanium mesh and recovered after surgery without any neurological deficits. Here, the authors present 2 patients of enophthalmos with orbital wall defects treated by orbital wall reconstruction.

Anatomical Studies of the Orbital Cavity Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the orbital cavity using three-dimensional computed tomography in Asians. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-six orbits in 142 Asians (74 men and 68 women) were examined and compared according to age, sex, and laterality (right and left). RESULTS: Mean orbital morphometric values were as follows. Orbital cavity depth was 49.60 mm from optic foramen to orbitale (inferior) and 41.32 mm from optic foramen to lacrimal crest (medial). Anterior and posterior orbital medial wall heights were 17.73 and 12.76 mm, respectively. Medial, middle, and lateral orbital floor lengths were 39.08, 29.56, and 20.08 mm, respectively. Anterior and posterior orbital floor width was 21.87 and 12.00 mm, respectively. For the orbital inferior-medial angle, anterior, middle, and posterior value was 132.11°, 126.24°, and 136.88°, respectively. Inferior orbital cavity depth, anterior orbital medial wall height, and orbital floor length tended to increase with aging, whereas orbital floor width tended to decrease with aging. No significant differences were found in terms of laterality, and values were greater in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS: This quantitative analysis of orbital measurements will allow surgeons to plan operations more accurately and will help predict outcomes.

Evaluation of Mandibular Anatomy Associated With Bad Splits in Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy of Mandible.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with bad splits during sagittal split ramus osteotomy by using three-dimensional computed tomography. METHODS: This study included 8 bad splits and 47 normal patients without bad splits. Mandibular anatomic parameters related to osteotomy line were measured. These included anteroposterior width of the ramus at level of lingula, distance between external oblique ridge and lingula, distance between sigmoid notch and inferior border of mandible, mandibular angle, distance between inferior outer surface of mandibular canal and inferior border of mandible under distal root of second molar (MCEM), buccolingual thickness of the ramus at level of lingula, and buccolingual thickness of the area just distal to first molar (BTM1) and second molar (BTM2). RESULTS: The incidence of bad splits in 625 sagittal split osteotomies was 1.28%. Compared with normal group, bad split group exhibited significantly thinner BTM2 and shorter sigmoid notch and inferior border of mandible (P <0.05). However, for BTM1 and buccolingual thickness of the ramus at level of lingula, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. Mandibular angle, anteroposterior width of the ramus at level of lingula, external oblique ridge and lingula, and MCEM were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients with shorter ramus and low thickness of the buccolingual alveolar region distal to the second molar had a higher risk of bad splits. These anatomic data may help surgeons to choose the safest surgical techniques and best osteotomy sites.

Interaction of peroxiredoxin V with dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) in mouse kidney under hypoxia.

BACKGROUND: Peroxiredoxin V (Prdx V) plays a major role in preventing oxidative damage as an effective antioxidant protein within a variety of cells through peroxidase activity. However, the function of Prdx V is not limited to peroxidase enzymatic activity per se. It appears to have unique function in regulating cellular response to external stimuli by directing interaction with signaling protein. In this study, we identified Prdx V interacting partners in mouse kidney under hypoxic stress using immunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomic analysis (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Immunoprecipitation coupled with nano-UPLC-MS(E) shotgun proteomics was employed to identify putative interacting partners of Prdx V in mouse kidney in the setting of hypoxia. A total of 17 proteins were identified as potential interacting partners of Prdx V by a comparative interactomics analysis in kidney under normoxia versus hypoxia. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) appeared to be a prominent candidate protein displaying enhanced interaction with Prdx V under hypoxic stress. Moreover, hypoxic kidney exhibited altered DBT enzymatic activity compared to normoxia. An enhanced colocalization of these two proteins under hypoxic stress was successfully observed in vitro. Furthermore, peroxidatic cysteine residue (Cys48) of Prdx V is likely to be responsible for interacting with DBT. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several proteins interacting with Prdx V under hypoxic condition known to induce renal oxidative stress. In hypoxic condition, we observed an enhanced interaction of Prdx V and DBT protein as well as increased DBT enzymatic activity. The results from this study will contribute to enhance our understanding of Prdx V's role in hypoxic stress and may suggest new directions for future research.

Proteomic analysis of gingival tissue and alveolar bone during alveolar bone healing.

Bone tissue regeneration is orchestrated by the surrounding supporting tissues and involves the build-up of osteogenic cells, which orchestrate remodeling/healing through the expression of numerous mediators and signaling molecules. Periodontal regeneration models have proven useful for studying the interaction and communication between alveolar bone and supporting soft tissue. We applied a quantitative proteomic approach to analyze and compare proteins with altered expression in gingival soft tissue and alveolar bone following tooth extraction. For target identification and validation, hard and soft tissue were extracted from mini-pigs at the indicated times after tooth extraction. From triplicate experiments, 56 proteins in soft tissue and 27 proteins in alveolar bone were found to be differentially expressed before and after tooth extraction. The expression of 21 of those proteins was altered in both soft tissue and bone. Comparison of the activated networks in soft tissue and alveolar bone highlighted their distinct responsibilities in bone and tissue healing. Moreover, we found that there is crosstalk between identified proteins in soft tissue and alveolar bone with respect to cellular assembly, organization, and communication. Among these proteins, we examined in detail the expression patterns and associated networks of ATP5B and fibronectin 1. ATP5B is involved in nucleic acid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and neurological disease, and fibronectin 1 is involved in cellular assembly, organization, and maintenance. Collectively, our findings indicate that bone regeneration is accompanied by a profound interaction among networks regulating cellular resources, and they provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the healing of periodontal tissue after tooth extraction.